The article analyzes crop harvest and nutritional value of single-crops and mixed sowings of grass and bean cultures in the forest-steppe of Western Siberia. The paper specifies competitive ability and biological efficiency of non-perennial grass-bean mixtures in respect to correlation of their components. The authors have identified that mixtures produce 13-15 % harvest more than single-crop sowings; they are more resistant to the weather conditions as well. The article outlines appropriate correlation of grass and bean components in the mixtures as 70 : 40 percentage of total sowing. Mixed sowings are highly productive and they are concerned with significant changes in the harvest. Grass component makes up to 90 % of mixture and bean component makes 10 % of mixture in the dry years whereas bean concentration increases up to 40-55 % in the wet year. The mixture of oat (60 %) and vetch (50 %) produce the highest crop yield 2.3 tones pro ha whereas mixture of oat (75 %) and pea (35 %) produce crop yield 2.1 tone pro ha. The authors observe that oats with crop yield 1.8 tone pro ha could compete with mixtures in the pure sowing; it is explained by its drought resistance and plasticity. The main criteria of efficiency of mixed sowing is digestible protein of feed units and gathering feed units. The concentration of digestible protein in mixture is 23-28 g pro k/unit higher than in single-crop of oats and barley. Crop yield of three-component, four-component and five-component is lower than that of two-component mixtures on 27-47, 33-43 and 40.8 % respectively. Otherwise, concentration of protein in three-component mixtures is higher than in two-component one.

The paper shows the research results in respect to influence of growth stimulators and bacterial specimens on winter wheat resistance. The common root, Septoria leaf blotch, powdery mildew, dark-brown leaf spot, glume blotch and head blight turned out to be the most widespread diseases of winter wheat in 2011-2013. The researchers applied Vympel-K specimen and bacterial specimens on the winter wheat and this contributed to its growth on 3.2 % and laboratory germination on 3.8 %. The average index of winter wheat wintering varied from 85.7 % to 96.6 % during 2011-2013. The researchers applied growth stimulator Vympel-K and bacterial specimens Diasophite and Polymixobacterine that reduced winter wheat suffering from common root 3.2 times, powdery mildew- 2.2 times, dark-brown leaf spot -1.9 times, Septoria leaf blotch - 2 times, glume blotch - 2.3 times and head blight - 1.9 times. Application of the specimens contributed to the crop yield 3.85-4.22 tone pro ha and increased crop yield on 4.0-19.2 %. The article states that application of Vympel-K and bacterial specimens increases growth of complementary roots, protects plants from diseases and increases plants resistance to abiotic factors. On average the crop yield of winter wheat increased on 0.31-0.68 tone pro ha whereas suffering from the main diseases reduced 1.2-3.2 times during 3 experimental years.

The paper underlines the basic task for agriculture, which is considered as the best crop yield. The authors observe the wide range of requirements to the crop grain and the basic one is index of germination. This index is identified by GOST-12038-84 during some days whereas other approaches to calculation of germination index require more energy-intensive experiment. Index of germination can be calculated by means of analyzing bioelectric signals of grain. The researchers keep grain in the experimental device during 10 hours in order to get bioelectric signal, which is further fixed by means of steel electrodes. The signal is analyzed by software, which consists of expert system and module of initial treatment. The expert system includes indexes of bioelectric signals. The index of grain germination can be identified by means of express-analysis and full analysis. This complex allows reducing time expenditures and labour intensity for grain diagnostics. The authors point out getting the result 13-16 times less in comparison with GOST-12038-84. The system of calculating index of grain germination has shown efficiency of this approach to diagnostics of wheat grain germination.

The paper investigates heritability and concept of genetic parameters in determination of 1000 grain mass of F1 soft winter wheat hybrids. The article explores variability of kernel grain of soft spring wheat and genetic control of this criterion. The research experiment included 5 varieties and 1 line of soft spring wheat, exactly Zhemchuzhina Povolzhya variety, Yubileynaya 180 variety and Fantasiya × variety (Donskaya ostistaya × Mutant 114). The field experiment was conducted at Siberian Research Institute of Agriculture (Omsk) in 2013-2014. The results have shown that genotype, year conditions and interaction of these factors influence mass of 100 grain of diallel hybrids. Variability of this criterion is mostly influenced by environmental conditions. Genetic control has revealed locus overdomination and complementary epistasis. The authors outline possibility to start selection of large-kerneled forms in segregating populations in F2, but it should be less strong until genotype mutation to homozygous state (F4 - F6). The researchers suggest Yubileynaya 180 variety and Zhemchuzhina Povolzhya variety (in the dry period) to be the selective donors for kernel grain.

The article has shown research results on most appropriate nurse crop for birdsfoot deer vetch when it is cultivated for seeds. The experiment was conducted in Udmurt Research Institute of Agriculture in 2010-2014. Birdsfoot deer vetch in the Middle Trans-Ural zone is restricted due to its biological features as weak resistance to suppression in the first year, high pod shatter and small seeds that make seed harvesting difficult. The nurse crop is considered to be one of the most important factors for sustainable and high crop yield of birdsfoot deer vetch. The authors investigated spring wheat, oats and barley for grain and pea-oats mixture for green feed. On average, seed productivity of birdsfoot deer vetch was 183-312 kg/ha during 3 years. The article outlines increasing of seed yield when being sown under spring wheat (265 kg/ha) in comparison with other crops. High seed productivity of birdsfoot deer vetch without nurse crop occurred due to big amount of footstalks (622 items pro sq meter), 14 little beans on the footstalk and 14 seeds in the little bean. On average, germination was 63-71 %, mass of 1000 seeds was 1.03-1.14 g and birdsfoot deer vetch without nurse crop tended to get seeds of higher germination. The researchers observed seeds of best quality in the first year; their laboratory germination was 78-86 % and mass of 1000 seeds was 1.11-1.36 g.

The article evaluates resistance of black currant varieties to gooseberry thelaxine aphids and leaf gall aphids. The researchers investigated 14 varieties during five vegetation periods from 2010 to 2014. The research has revealed sorts and hybrids of black currant resistant to aphids. The most sorts and hybrids of black currant are highly resistant to gooseberry thelaxine aphids as Glariosa, Degtyarevskaya, Iskitimskiy dar, Perepel, Zelenoplodnaya, Malenkiy prints and 1-95-1. The research resulted in new varieties of black currant as Degtyarevskaya, 195-10-81, 5-95-1 and 1-95-1 that didn’t suffer from leaf red-gall aphids. Degtyarevskaya variety and 195-10-81 variety didn’t suffer from aphids at all whereas 195-10-81 and 5-95-1 varieties suffered from aphids to some extent. The authors observed significant damages in Chereshneva and Berdchanka varieties (10 % a bush). Red-gall aphids damaged 9 varieties as Glariosa, Iskitimskiy dar, Perepel, Chereshneva, Zelenoplodnaya, Tamerlan, Chernavka, Malenkiy prints and Berdchanka (8-18,8 % of sprouts a bush). The data shows high extension and harm of red-gall aphids on the black currant in the experimental field.

The article reveals the results of three-year research on influence of basic soil improvement of Kulunda range lands (three-times disking) on soil fertility. The researchers applied disking in the fall 2010 after application of decomposed manure (20 tones pro ha). They also applied manure, organic fertilizers and mineral fertilizers (NP)60K100. The authors planted grass mixture of perennial grasses which consisted of Medickago Hybridum and awnless brome where two raws os medick interchanged a raw od awnless brome. The double-factor experiment assumes fertilizers of factor A and soil tillage of factor B. The researchers controlled range lands with no soil tillage and fertilizers and outline changes in structural criteria of plant formation when applying mineral and organic fertilizers. The authors observed 1.5 times more density of valuable feed crops as awnless brome (Bromopsis inermis Leyss.) and coach grass (Elytrigia repens L.) at the plots with natural plant formation. The height of plant formation at the fertilized plots is 10 sm higher than that of not fertilized plots. The grasses are 10-15 sm higher at the plots with artificial seeding and fertilizers. The density of fertilized plant formation is lower than that in the controlled variant. This means that fertilizers enhanced development of specific grass and soil tillage affected growth of range lands plant formation and artificial plots. High soil moisture in the variants with grass disking affected grasses and made them higher otherwise density of plant formation was less. Better development of plant formation at the fertilized plots with soil tillage and further sowing of perennial grasses increased range lands fertility more than 3 times compared with natural plant formation without fertilizers and soil tillage. Crop yield of grass bone-dry solids at the range lands was 0.7 tone pro ha during 3 years of the experiment and crop yield of sown perennial grasses with application of organic fertilizers was 2.9 tone pro ha.

The article explains necessity for melissopalinological analysis and application of polen load in apicultural monitoring of environment. The paper describes stages of apicultural monitoring and palinological research. The authors show significance of palinological analysis in order to identify botanical origin of polen load as a factor determining contamination (heavy metals and sanitary microorganisms) and gametopathogenic factors in biocenoses. The publication explores restrictions of bee trophic action which should be considered in melissopalinological analysis of polen load. The authors outline that teratomorphic action of pollen-grain, their contamination by heavy metals and bacterization allows controlling safety of agricultural production and raw materials and assessing degree of ecosystem destabilization.

The article shows results of hydrobiological research conducted for many years; it characterizes biological raw materials that contain Artemia cysts and identifies factors affecting the quality of cysts. The authors show that control of catching of Artemia maxillopods cysts is the basic factor for getting high-quality feeds with 80-90 % hatching. Production of high-quality feeds for aquaculture and marine culture from diapausing eggs of Artemia maxillopod in hypersaline lakes of the Altai Territory includes preparation of cysts in hyperslaine lakes in summer and fall where gathering can be carried out at the shore, along the rim, on the ripples, from the water when applying various settlers and baskets and from the central part of the lake when applying floating crafts and pomps; primary treatment, exactly purification of raw materials in the strong brine and disengagement of organic and non-organic impurities; activation of raw cysts considering temperature, humidity and mineralization; drying of cysts after diapausing at 30,0-37,0 ºС to 5-10 % humidity; dressing of dry cysts for final treatment; additional activation and application of hatching activators and hermetic packaging. The researchers identify productive periods of cysts hatching in different stages of water content. The authors observe that clusters of cysts in shallow basins with developed phytal zone are affected by wind-induced currant and emitted to the shorefront. The research has shown the cysts gathered at shallow plots of the Kulundinskoe Lake contain 20-30 % of water and 45-60 % of impurities. Pure product yield is 16-18 %. The research devoted to investigating cysts gathered at shallow plots of the Kulundinskoe Lake in summer has shown that the explored material consisted of inorganic impurities like sand and salines (17 %), shell (16 %), filamentary algae (13 %), remnants of Scatella subguttata mummies (10 %) and obsolescent Artemia maxillopod (8 %). The cysts contained 28 % of water. The authors forecast Artemia yield for cysts in the Kulundinskoe Lake in October-November.

The author has conducted long-term field experiment and discovered that application of solonetzic complex in the crop rotation “steam-wheat-oats-oats” and mineral fertilizers didn’t significantly affect amount and concentration of humus. Natural grassing of earlier fertilized arable land of crop steam rotation of solonetzic complex enhanced humus concentration in S horizon up to 0-60 sm and 0-100 sm invariants Р120 and N30Р40. Fraction concentration of humus 0-20 sm was rich with humic acids; fertilizers increased concentration of humic acids on 0,7-9,1 %, mostly in P40 and P120 variants. Humic acids contained HA1 and HA2, linked with sesquioxides and Ca (9-14 and 17-29 %). The part of HA3 increased significantly in variants N90, N30P40 and N90P120. Application of fertilizers enhanced fulvic acids except for variant N90. Correlation of Сha : Сfa was 1.7-2.0 and differed significantly from the control group (without fertilizers) in all the variants, except for N30P40K30, N90P120 and N30P40K30 (1.3-1.5). Concentration of humic acids and fulvic acids in the layer 20-40 sm was increased in variant P120 by means of fractions HA3 and FA2 and FA3 due to mobility of nonhidrolyzed residues and growth of salt lime hydrolysate. Correlation of Сha : Сfa was the highest providing humate type of humus.

The paper explores somatic chromosome instability of Holstein black-and-white healthy cows when an animal was a carrier of reciprocal translocation rcp (13; 26) (q24; q11). The researchers observed high frequency of chromosome mutations of translocation carrier compared with half-sibs (P < 0.05-0.01) and herdmates (P < 0.05-0.001). Frequency of chromosome fragments of translocation carrier was 3 times higher than that of animals of the control group (P < 0.01). The authors found out that multiaberrant cells containing two and more chromosome mutations of translocation carrier tend to be increased. Reciprocal translocation can be followed by growth of triploid chromosomes and this is not common for spontaneous mutagenesis. The research investigated aneuploid cells and revealed high features of herdmates and half-sibs compared with mutation carrier (P < 0.01). The significant differences are explained by high frequency of hypoploid cells and exactly frequency of cells with deficiency chromosome (P < 0.01). The authors suppose, that reciprocal translocation carrier suffers from reparative system of DNA damages that doesn’t lead to elimination of mutation cells.

The authors consider aminoacid concentration of grain and factors contributing to its changing to be very significant for practical tasks. Increasing of biological value of raw materials we can correct human ration making it more appropriate to human organism. The paper makes an attempt to change biological value of soft winter wheat grain influenced by electromagnetic field of 140 and 700 SHV. The research explored the following features of food value of protein: aminoacid score, daily maintenance in essential aminoacids, potential biological value, biological value, coefficient of differences in aminoacid score, coefficient of aminoacid concentration utility, excess of essential aminoacids, comparable excess and redundancy. None of regimes studied leads to improvement of all parameters studied. Otherwise, most appropriate combinations are observed in control variant (protein concentration, potential biological value, coefficient of differences in aminoacid score and excess of essential aminoacids) and experiment 140 watt-sec (minimal aminoacid score, daily maintenance in essential aminoacids, utility coefficient, comparable excess and redundancy). Application of SHV processing 700 watt-sec affects negatively most parameters of biological value of wheat protein, but improves biological value of protein and daily maintenance of human organism in essential aminoacids.

The paper demonstrates results on artificial insemination with cool depreserved sperm, which is prepared according to Kharkovskaya technology in respect to sanitary treatment of sebum preputiale before receiving ejaculate. The authors suggest using concepts of true breeding efficiency and common one. True breeding efficiency assumes foal crop of female horses with ovulations whereas common breeding efficiency assumes foal crop of female horses with ovulations and not, i. e. all female horses for insemination. This approach evaluates true biological breeding efficiency of stored sperm production. The authors observed 23.69 % of horses with anovulatory cycle in the first group, 29.48 % of female horses in the second group, 21.64 % of horses in the third group and 28.46 % of horses in the forth group of total number of female horses for insemination. The publication shows that application of developed sanitary treatment of stud horses affected true foal crop of cool sperm insemination, which is 73.64 %, deiced sperm insemination makes 65.75 % whereas total foal crop is 56.65 and 45 %. Application of common sanitary treatment of stud horses affects true foal crop of cool sperm insemination which is 53.19 % and deiced sperm insemination is 38.04 %; total foal crop was 41.41 and 27.63 %. The authors recommend application of developed scheme of sanitary treatment of stud horse before getting sperm in order to increase efficiency of artificial insemination of female horses.

The article reflects the problem of increasing production and efficient application of feed protein for ruminants and considers it as the urgent and important one. Recent research on digestion and fixation of feed nutrients provided adjustment of standard methods of feeding and evaluation of feeding forages. The authors consider protein solubility and fissility to be the important parameters of protein quality. Due to this fact the researchers have tested methods contributing to high protein concentration in alfalfa-brome grass mixture and assessed the quality of protein in respect to its solubility and fissility when making hay, silage and haylage. The paper explores alfalfa-brome grass mixture (60 : 40) as it is the most wide-spread in Western Siberia. The research was conducted in 5 stages of plant vegetation: crop and bean tillering, stem elongation and bean shooting, crop earing and bean budding, blossoming and fruitification. The grass mixture was preserved for silage, haylage and hay according to the general methods. The concentration of raw protein in the stage of crop earring and bean budding is maximum (154 g/kg of dry matter). The authors observe decrease in raw protein solubility and fissility from seadling stage and spring aftergrowing to fruitification as 64.5 to 51.4 (P < 0.001) and from 83.4 to 74.5 (P < 0.001). Making of haylage at the stage of crop earing and bean budding contributes to the highest concentration of protein (up to 151 g/kg of dry matter) that is compared with herbage. Making of haylage and hay from the grass mixture at the stage of awnless brome earing and alfalfa budding decreases protein solubility to 51.8 and 50.1 % (Р < 0.05 - 0.01) compared with herbage. Technology of haymaking doesn’t influence raw protein fissility whereas technology of haylage making decreases protein fissility up to 73.7 % (Р < 0.05) compared with herbage

The article explores gross and histological changes when dogs suffer from breast tumors. The author represents statistics and describes structural (gross and histological) peculiarities of dogs’ breast tumors. Breast tumor is wide-spread disease; they make 50 % of all tumors and she-dogs mostly suffer from breast tumors. The author investigates 23.8 of benign tumors and 61.1 % of malignant tumors of all breast pathological diseases. The older dogs suffer from breast tumors more whereas dog breed doesn’t affect significantly frequency of tumor suffering. The article describes gross changes when dogs are experiencing breast tumors. The author has conducted histological research of surgery, biopsy and pathological material of dogs tumors. The research resulted in discovering the following breast tumors: benign adenoma, adenocarcinoma, cancer in cuirasse and chondrosarcoma. The benign breast tumors are characterized by sufficient tumor cells growth, lack of cell atypia and infiltrative growth, connective tissue tumor and proliferation of fibrous tissue around the tumor. The malignant tumors assume high proliferation of tumor cells, polymorphism, cell atypism, infiltrative growth of the tumor, slight connective tissue stroma and lack of capsule around the tumor.

The paper reveals environmental epizootological analysis of total risk of disease development. The analysis evaluates epizootological data in order to control epizootic process of cattle leucosis. Relative risk (RR) is estimated as correlation between diseases in populations influenced and not influenced by risky factor. The researchers develop the concept system of factors of total risk of cattle leucosis development. The system assumes theoretical knowledge, research results of many authors and results of own research. The system applies risk criteria for controlling epizootic process. The concept scheme divides risk factors on endogenous factors that are related to animal organism and exogenous factors related to external effects. Endogenous risk factors include breed, genetic predisposition and impressionable age of animals. Exogenous factors are divided in ecological, technological and biological factors. Risk parameters of cattle leukemia development can be applied in monitoring of epizootic process (forecasting epizootic situation and disease diagnostics) and its management.

The authors conducted research at Novosibirsk fishery farm. The research explores application of Aquapurine probiotic and how it affects body weight gain of sturgeons yearlings 2+. Aquapurine probiotic contains Bacillus siamensis. The researchers applied Aquapurine dozed 5 mcl/kg for the fish of 1 experimental group, 10 mcl/kg for the fish of 2 experimental group and 20 mcl/kg for the fish of 3 group. Application scheme was equal for all experimental groups, the researchers applied probiotic in a cyclic way 5 days in 5 days during 3 cycles. Aquapurine probiotic affected positively the speed growth of sturgeons. The parameters of the fish of experimental groups exceed the fish of control group in absolute weight, daily average weight gain and relative weight gain even 30 days after the experiment was over. Changes in growth speed depended on the dose of probiotic. The authors observed maximum indexes of parameter studied when they applied Aquapurine dosed 20 mcl/kg.

The article explores chronobiology of probiotics vetom 2.25 and vetom 3.22 at the natural insolation and photosensitization (465-480 nm) on biochemical parameters of chicken blood serum. Application of probiotic and photosensitization (465-480 nm) resulted in chronopharmacological changes in concentration of total protein, albumines, aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase of poultry blood serum. The authors observed increasing of total protein of blood serum in 3d and 5th experimental groups of poultry affected by photosensitization that makes natural daily biorhythm; poultry of the 5th group experienced atypical biorhythm and received probiotics additionally. Albumines of blood serum of the poultry in the 3d group were increased under influence of photosensitization that made typical biorhythm whereas poultry in the 5th group experienced atypical biorhythm and received probiotics additionally. The research hasn’t discovered significant influence of probiotics and photosensitization (465-480 nm) on concentration of aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase of poultry blood serum.

The research shows that application of Rauscher leucosis virus leads to 21.9 times increasing of lien; disease progress results in wearing borders of white and red pulp and various bloodstrokes and necrosis areas appear. The authors observed many erythrocytes in red pulp lien atriums in 2 month of research in hyperplastic period. This results in reducing of atriums square; splenic lymph follicles grow and interlock each other; many irregular blast cells appear in all parts of lien diffusely. Progress of viral leucosis comes with immune system suppression of responding mice; immune suppression is observed in B-cell chain of immune system and T-cell chain. In 2 months after infecting mice with Rauscher virus, the authors observed less spontaneous proliferation in splenocytes compared with the control group (experiment/control = 1067/8072) and reducing of ConA and PWM stimulated cell proliferation (experiment/control = 1934/30603) and (experiment/control = 1178/2033) correspondently. Progress of viral leucosis comes with low spontaneous and ConA stimulated proliferation of splenocytes and high PWM stimulated proliferation in comparison with the control group. Index of spontaneous, ConA and PWM stimulated proliferation increased from the 2nd to 11th month of the research. The authors observed increasing of the number of medium lymph in cell composition of lien white pulp; the number of plasmoblast, erythroblast, plasmocytes and megakaryocytes is increasing in the red pulp. The number of erythroblast in the red pulp increased in the end-stage.

The paper describes the results on seromonitoring of the cattle respiratory diseases at the farms of Chuisk region. The author analyzes serological research data by means of enzyme immunoassay method of pathological amterials belonging to the calves at the farms of Chuisk region. The author observed cough, rough breathing and diarrhea. Some calves were behind the standard growth, with catarrhal bleeding, blear-eyedness and high temperature. This was due to lack of vaccination from viral respiratory infections. The researchers took the blood of ill animals for testing. They used enzyme immunoassay analysis in paired sera of ill animals and found out specific antibodies of such respiratory viruses as para influenza-3, adenovirus, viral diarrhea, respiratory-syncytial infections and rednose. The paper outlines that young cattle suffers more from these viruses. The research found out that calves aged up to 3 months mostly suffered from respiratory diseases. Specific anti bodies of respiratory viruses in newborn calves speaks about their intra-uterine infection. This proves carriage of viruses by the heifers. Seroconversion in enzyme immunoassay of unvaccinated animals proves the natural circulation of epizootoc viral strains. Diagnostic research found out that respiratory diseases have combination form, it is adenovirus, para influenza-3, respiratory-syncytial infections, viral diarrhea and rednose. Adenoviral infection is the most important one. The authors give recommendations to the veterinary surgeons at the farms and specify effective vaccines able to protect foetus, calf and cattle.

The paper explores morphological composition of Smena-2 broilers’ blood in order to estimate their physiological condition and correct it by means of probiotic vetom 1.1. The authors investigated the number of erythrocytes, erythrocytes sedimention rate hemo globin, hematocrit, average concentration of hemo globin in erythrocyte and average corpuscular volume. The authors outline that dynamics of poultry blood is provided by age changes and influence of different doses of probiotic in the experimental groups. Probiotic vetom 1.1 affected positively hematopoiesis, enhanced oxygen function of erythrocytes and erythropoiesis andsupported leucocytes concentration, lymphocytes and monocytes. The data received certify that Vetom 1.1 stimulated morphological composition of broilers blood within high parameters of physiological standards. Application of vetom 1.1 in feeding of broilers from their first days increases resistance by means of the number of pseudoeosinophils, lymphocytes and monocytes in the blood. This shows functional activity of immunity cell factors whereas reducing of the number of eosinophils demonstrates no allergic features of vetom 1.1. The research identifies efficient doses and schemes of probiotic application. The authors found out that long application of vetom 1.1 reduces its effect.

The paper explores domestic behavior (associated food and passive-defensive responses to humans) affected by heritage factors and environmental factors of two close generation of mini-pigs bred in ICG of SD RAS. The researchers used a human when feeding animals in groups as an aversive stimulation; individual feeding assumed a presence of human 14-16 hours or 2 hours after feeding. The authors found out phenotypic and genotypic differences of mini-pigs in their fear response to a human. The article ranges the factors according to their contribution to general variations of domestic behavior in the following way: age (0.4 %), gender (0.6 %), social isolation (1.9-2.8 %), boar genotype (13.6 %). The authors discovered inherited discrete polymorphism of mini-pigs, which includes three classes of phenotypes. Age and gender do not affect behavior variability of piglets from their 1.5-month age to puberty. Social isolation influences fear-response of piglets aged 1.5 month. The model of major inheritance controlled by autosomal diallel locus of the main effect FWH describes efficiently various domestic behavior of mini-pigs. The paper makes conclusion that inherited polymorphism of domestic behavior is a new source of adaptive variability for selective adaptation and efficient laboratory mini-pigs.

Milk contamination by microflora implies everything milk relates to from milking to delivery. Milk is delivered to consumers as whole milk and processed milk as well. The authors observe hygienic and sanitary condition of milking machinery at the farms and industrial complexes and found out that breaches in servicing milking machinery in respect to purity contaminate milk itself. The authors developed methodological approach to define the quality of top surface cleaning of milk delivery lines. The approach assumes applying the tool that provides outwash with further cleanness scores: 1 - perfect; 2 - excellent; 3 - good; 4 - satisfactory; 5 - poor. Analysis of polluted filters has shown that polluted area of milk delivery line increases mechanical contamination of outwash. The developed method and device for determination the quality of top surface treatment of milk delivery lines provide quick assessment of cleanness of milk delivery systems. This allows forecasting quality of milk yield and preventing depreciation of milk quality.

Growing of healthy calves that are genetically high productive is very important for animal husbandry. Stage of liquid feeding is considered to be the important aspect in growing calves. The experiment carried out comparative analysis of influence of milk replacer and fermented milk on Simmental calves. The experiment was carried out in Charyshskiy stud farm from July 2012 to October 2013. The researchers arranged two groups of 10 calves. The calves were selected at birth and grown to slaughter (aged 15 months). They got equal amount of dairy products in milking period; the researchers fed calved from the control group with milk replacer and calves from the experimental group with fermented milk. The experiment revealed that calves of the control group weighed 363 kg and it was 8 % higher than for calves of the experimental group. Average daily body weight in the control group was 755 g and it is 10.1 % (P < 0.05) higher than in experimental group. Higher body weight gain in the experimental group and equal feed consumption provided reducing of feed consumption pro 1 kilo of body weight gain in energetic feed unit and digestible protein on 11 %. So, application of milk replacer in calves feeding contributed to 27 kg body weight gain of calves and additional income 5439 RUR pro an animal.

The Order of the Ministry of Agriculture of USSR of September 11, 1981 declares about breeding of new Simmental meat breeds. This work is carried out in Nevskiy OAO in Bagan district of Novosibirsk region and two branches in Tomsk region. The researchers set task on breeding high-productive breeding animals; their genetic ability exceeds breed character and productivity parameters of local population. This is important for meat cattle breeding development. Meat Simmental breeding in Nevskiy OAO of Bagan district produced typical Simmentals of meat type. The paper states that Simmental calves of a new type have higher body weight compared with the herdmate of Siberian reproduction on 10.2-10.8 % (P < 0.05) of weight gain and 0.8-1.2 % of slaughter yield. Their feed consumption is 0.1-0.3 % lower, costs of body weight is 10.9-11.3 lower whereas profitability is higher on 6.3-7.8 %. Meat index of meat Simmentals is 0.21 % higher. The Ministry of Agriculture of Russia approved and endorsed a new type of the cattle of Simmental breed that is Baganskiy myasnoy (author’s certificate No. 58226, patent No. 7005 of September 2, 2013).

The paper explores organoleptic and chemical parameters of meat of ini-pigs ICG (Institute of Cytology and Genetics in SD RAS). Body, colour, odour and form of meat of investigated animals after slaughtering corresponded to the standards of fresh meat. Comparative analysis of chemical concentration of ICG mini-pigs and wild Sicilian pigs has shown that meat of mini-pigs contained higher moisture and low concentration of protein and fat. Concentration of minerals in the meat of animals of both groups didn’t differ significantly. Correlation of moisture, protein and ash in the rib eye and hock muscles was equal. Aminoacid concentration of rib eye and hock muscles of ICG mini-pigs didn’t differ significantly, except for higher concentration of phenylalanine, tyrosine and oxyproline in the rib eye compared with hock muscles. The publication shows that concentration of aminoacids in the meat of ICG mini-pigs doesn’t differ from their concentration in the meat of Yorkshire pigs. The authors observed significant difference between two groups in amount of glutamine, glycine, lysine, isoleucine, phenylalanine, serine, proline and oxiproline. Protein index of rib eye of ICG mini-pigs was 3.04 ± 0.69 and hock muscles - 1.61 ± 0.33. The research results correspond to the literature data on foreign Large pigs. But protein index of mini-pigs was lower than that of stud breeds of Russian selection. Some sources speak about correlation between different aminoacids and growth intensity, which is lower for mini-pigs than for commercial breeds and their hybrids. The results demonstrate necessity for further research in this area.

Efficiency of agribusiness potential is of national importance; this requires development of instruments for making favourable conditions for business regional initiatives and ability to deal with global markets and competition. Due to political situation and sanctions that restrict economic activity, agribusiness faces new goals and tasks. The article explores application of economic potential of small agricultural enterprises and declares the most important conditions are sustainable finance of contemporary activity and investment projects and mechanisms of enhancing small business. The authors consider the national strategy of small and medium business development should include support of business, implementation of state programmes and agricultural investment projects. Development of securitization mechanism, which uses potential of national and international market, is the important way of agribusiness finance.

The paper analyses organizational structures of megalopolises with population over 1 mn (Ekaterinburg, Krasnoyarsk, Novosibirsk, Niznhiy Novgorod, Omsk, Rostov-on-Don and Munich) and population from 500 to 900 thousands of people (Lipetsk, Kemerovo and Voronezh). The research results show that local authorities in Russia are overcrowded with civil servants, especially top employees and they are not efficient. The publication explores the structure of management in Novosibirsk, which is the capital of prospective Novosibirsk agglomeration. The author outlines the ways changing the current situation and makes specific accent on authorities’ staff of 7 districts in Novosibirsk. There the author observes redundancy of top personnel and finds out the responsibilities of top employees are similar to the duties of local authorities departments. The article represents ways of improving the organizational structure of management in districts of megalopolis in order to organize efficient activity of local authorities departments and control the budget and plans. The author insists on doing additional research in order to make organizational structure of local authorities efficient and being able to solve all the tasks of Novosibirsk agglomeration.

The article shows contemporary situation of crop subcomplex in Novosibirsk region, evaluates the development of crop subcomplex in respect to regional food safety. The paper investigates crop subcomplex of Novosibirsk region and uses mathematical methods, comparative analysis and economico-statistical methods. The scientific novelty of the article includes complex consideration of regional crop subcomplex and forecasts crop subcomplex development until 2030. The author supposes that putting into practice recommendations mentioned in the paper provides food safety in the region in respect to bakery products and pasta products. The region produces enough grain to satisfy regional requirements whereas grain processing into the flour used for producing bakery products and pasta products is not sufficient. This situation is very urgent for food safety in the region. The author considers application of new flour capacities to be necessary for flour manufacture 286.8 thousand tons per year. The article makes zoning of the region in order to define the most efficient place for processing capacities. It outlines 4 efficient raw materials zones where the author calculates capacities on grain processing into flour for the current moment and until 2030.

The grain market takes an important place among all the improtant markets of agricultural raw materials. Grain production allows making conclusions about efficiency of agribusiness and its branches, social standard of living and economic capacities of the country. Grain farming includes commodity-money relations, which regulate manufacture of grain, merchandising and grain consumption and make economic and business cooperation between the participants of grain market. These relations are based on purchase and sell; they provide market relations, whish assume supply for grain and grain processing products and demand. Siberian Federal District is one of the most significant regions that produce crops and pulse crops. The region took the 2nd place in grain producing when Volga Federal District took the 1st place. Novosibirsk region takes 16 % of crop acreage of Siberian Federal District. Crop acreage for crops and pulse crop was reduced from 1990-2013 on 17.2 % mn ha or 27.3 % whereas in Novosibirsk region it was 21 %. The gross collection was reduced on 40 % in Russia in 1990-2012 whereas in Novosibirsk region it was reduced on 1.03 mn tons. The author has analyzed the main parameters of grain market in Russia and Novosibirsk region and explored the main reasons of problems at the grain market and ways of their solution.

The authors see the problem of regional food self-sufficiency as the most important and urgent one. The problem solution implies cooperation of all entities of food market, including procurement and storing enterprises. The significant part of national food resources is concentrated in small enterprises producing food products. The authors consider including these resources in goods distribution to be the important task of Economics. The growing wild makes a significant part of resource potential of procurements that is evident in Tomsk region. Unlimited non-timber forest products make a good basis for development of procurement industry. This can enhance regional food self-sufficiency and become one of the top industries in the region in case it is supported by the Government. The authors see a positive dynamics in the regions of Russia and this explains the need to found out theoretical and methodological basis for procurement industry by means of new economic, organizational, legal and technological bases. The scientifically-based approach should lie in future storing of wild raw materials. The article estimates storing and processing industry of Tomsk region and explores peculiarities of wild raw materials market. The authors outline the main directions of development of wild crops storing and processing. They describe social significance of development of this industry in the region.

The article explores experience of the developed countries on foundation and activity of agricultural credit cooperatives. There is a three-level organizational structure with clear division between separate units in the foreign countries. The separate units imply auxiliary credit cooperatives, regional cooperative banks and central cooperative bank. The paper outlines 3 levels of regulation of credit cooperation that are credit cooperative level, self-regulatory organizations, state regulation of credit cooperatives and their unions, including self-regulatory organizations. The authors observe 6 stages with specific features in development of credit cooperation in rural areas of Russia. Three-level system of agricultural cooperatives is being established. The authors see improvement and development of state support in frames of State Programme “Development of agriculture and regulation of agricultural markets, raw materials markets and food markets in 2013-2020”.

The paper analyzes instruments of stimulation of innovations in Krasnoyarsk Territory, standards, regulations and programmes, and application of cluster approach in the region. The author describes standards and regulations of Krasnoyarsk Territory on support of innovative activity; he pays specific attention to the law no. 5-303 of February 12, 1999 “On territory target programme “Enhancement of innovative activity in Krasnoyarsk Territory”. The author speaks about contemporary two-stage strategy of regional innovative development “Innovative territory-2020” when its first stage (establishment of elements of innovative system has been already implemented. The Ministry of Investments and Innovations is founded in Krasnoyarsk Territory in 2011 in order to stimulate innovations and innovative activity. The Ministry is aimed at management of all elements of innovative system. The corresponding Ministry is founded in Moscow region that shows positive and successful experience of Krasnoyarsk one. The cluster policy is important direction in stimulation innovations in Krasnoyarsk Territory. The transfer to cluster policy was made in 2009 in frames of II City Assembly “Krasnoyarsk and prospective technologies” where there were 16 clusters outlined. The cluster policy is described in special document “The Concept of Industrial Policy of Krasnoyarsk Territory up to 2020”. There are 19 clusters registered in Krasnoyarsk Territory. Otherwise, none of cluster is established according to the general structure of economic cluster. The author makes conclusion that the problem of stimulation of innovations in Krasnoyarsk Territory is very important. Stimulation assumes financial support and organizational changes. The author thinks that experience of Krasnoyarsk Territory to establish clusters should be adapted by other regions, therefore it is necessary to make a model of stimulation of innovations, outline general and specific experience, which can be used in innovative development.

The article considers aspects of the land reform in Russia, exactly negative processes that lead to inefficient usage of land resources. The authors analyze contemporary situation and usage of land resources on categories and types of ownership and land market in Novosibirsk region. The research results in excess of leasing relations at the land market of Novosibirsk region. Monitoring of usage of land resources should be implemented in order to prevent their excluding from the turnover. The authors analyze the mechanism of land management in Novosibirsk region and reveal its strong and weak points. The Department of Federal Service for State Registration, Cadastre and Cartography of Novosibirsk regionimplements monitoring of land resources (except for arable lands that is significant weak point in land management. Analysis of federal organizations engaged in land management has shown a tendency to redundancy of tasks and duties. The authors suggest to establish interagency committee in order to improve the mechanism of land management. The interagency committee should coordinate the activity of the Ministry of Agriculture of Novosibirsk region, Rossreestr, other Ministries and committees involved in state monitoring of arable lands.

A retrospective analysis of the development of the sheep industry in the Republic of Buryatia, which revealed a reduction in the number of sheep in the country since 1998 and 2015, with 280,8 267,1 thousand (5 %), and the production of wool from 780 to 490 tons in weight (37,0 %). Imports of mutton in 2008 amounted to 17 thousand tons In 2012, imports of meat, the situation has improved and amounted to 9.1 thousand tons On the level of production of sheep production and its quality is significantly influenced by the breed of sheep, their age, constitutive and productive type, conditions of feeding and maintenance of animals. For these purposes, given a brief description of the breeds of sheep that will be valuable for the development of the industry in the region. By medical standards, lamb in the diet should be 14.5 % of the total consumption of meat and meat products. This means that in a year per capita mutton requires 9 kg, but the needs of the Russian population, according to indices of domestic production, mutton is satisfied only by 10 %. In this paper the author considers the problem of reduction of livestock and reduction of production and ways of their solution based on the change in the specialization of farms with wool on the local area.