The aim of this work was to study the bioresource potential of box elder (Acer negundo L.) to predict the possibility of introducing this plant into the food industry. Currently, the study of the practical application potential of box elder is of particular importance due to the fact that this species is one of the most aggressive invasive woody plants and is actively introduced into local forests of the Novosibirsk Region. Plant sap was chosen as raw material for the development of technology for the production of food products from box elder. Sap was collected in an ecologically clean area of the city of Novosibirsk (the territory of the Central Siberian Botanical Garden of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences). Healthy trees with no visual signs of fungal diseases or trunk damage were selected for material collection. The most suitable time for collecting box elder sap in the season (2022-2023) in local conditions is mid-April. As a result of the research, it was proven that Acer negundo juice is suitable for the production of functional drinks. When compiling the recipe, berries of native plant species (lingonberries, blueberries, cranberries) were chosen as a filler for the product. A food additive, sweetener E960 Steviol glycosides, was used as a sweetener. According to the results of the tasting assessment, the drink with lingonberries received the highest average score (4.80). This drink was distinguished by a rich taste with moderate acidity and a pleasant smell. The nutritional value of the finished functional drink based on box elder juice per 100 ml was 16.33 kcal for the sample with lingonberries, 22.03 for the sample with cranberries, 22.06 for the sample with blueberries.

In 2019–2021, field experiments proved the preventive effect of treating the aboveground parts of strawberry plants during the phenophase of the beginning of fruit filling with a mixture of Bacillus bacterial strains in liquid form (biopreparation Fitop 8.67) and dry form (Fitop 8.1) at concentrations of 1×104 CFU/ml and 1×105 CFU/ml on the prevalence of gray rot of fruits. On average, over 3 years of observations, against the background of artificial inoculation, the prevalence of gray rot decreased by 2.2–2.3 times (in the control 16.5 %), with a biological efficiency of 54–56 %; against a natural background – by 2.0–2.1 times (in the control 12.5 %), biological efficiency of 51–53 %. Against white leaf spot (ramularia) of strawberries on a natural infectious background in concentrations of biopreparations of 1×104 CFU/ml and 1×105 CFU/ml, the biological efficiency in variants with treatment with Fitop 8.67 was 23–25 % and Fitop 8.1 – 32–34 %. A decrease in yield losses from gray mold stimulated an increase in yield against the background of artificial inoculation with the pathogen of gray mold in variants using biopreparations Fitop 8.67 and Fitop 8.1 in concentrations of 1×104 CFU/ml and 1×105 CFU/ml to levels of 5.86–5.89 t/ha, economic efficiency of 11.0–11.4 %; against a natural background in the same concentrations – up to levels of 5.67–5.68 t/ha, economic efficiency of 7.6–7.9 %. The use of concentrations of 1×104 CFU/ml of both preparations Fitop 8.67 and Fitop 8.1 as alternative methods for protection against gray rot of fruits and white spot of leaves is promising in the technology of growing fruit-bearing strawberries.

The article presents the results of studies on the growth and development of festulolium in singlespecies and binary crops with perennial legumes (alfalfa, clover, sainfoin) in the forest-steppe conditions of Western Siberia. Festulolium, as a hybrid crop combining the resistance of fescue and the productivity of ryegrass, has demonstrated high adaptability to the harsh climatic conditions of the region. It has been established that festulolium has high winter hardiness (85–88 %) and resistance to adverse winter conditions. The duration of the vegetation period of festulolium varies from 85 to 100 days, with a tendency to lengthen the interphase periods with the age of the grass stand. In crops with legumes, an increase in winter hardiness and plant survival is observed. The dry mass yield of festulolium without fertilizers is 8.11 t/ha. Fertilizers provide a 16.8 % increase in yield. Joint sowing of the crop with sainfoin and alfalfa increases yield by 42.8–63.4 %. The obtained data indicate the prospects of using festulolium in forage production to create a sustainable forage base in the region.

The aim of the research was to study the influence of sowing methods (cover crop, sowing method) of variegated alfalfa Victoria on its seed productivity in the Cis-Middle Urals. The research was conducted in 2019–2023 on sod-podzolic medium loamy soil of the Udmurt Republic. Meteorological conditions of the growing seasons during the research years were contrasting. The regrowth of alfalfa was noted on average in the 2nd-3rd decade of April, harvesting for seeds was carried out in the 1st-2nd decade of September, the vegetation period lasted 124–142 days. Over four years of using the grass stand, it was found that variable alfalfa forms seed productivity at a fairly high level: in the first year of use – 570-759 kg/ha, in subsequent years – 234–309 kg/ha. On average, the highest seed yield was obtained when sowing in wide rows (60 cm) in variants with cover crops of spring wheat (360 kg/ha) and vetch-oat mixture for green mass (359 kg/ha), with the formation of the following structural elements: the number of generative shoots - 238 and 279 pcs/m², the number of brushes on a shoot – 16.0 and 15.5 pcs, pods on a brush – 6.9 and 7.9 pcs, seeds in a pod – 3.3 and 2.8 pcs, the weight of 1000 seeds is 1.94 and 1.96 g, respectively. The number of brushes on a shoot and the number of pods on a brush had an average positive effect on the yield level, correlation coefficients r=0.47 and r=0.53, respectively. Laboratory seed germination in the harvest was at the level of 77–90 %. Relatively the highest germination (90 %) was in wide-row sowings with row spacing of 60 and 30 cm in the variant with a vetch-oat mixture. When cultivating alfalfa for seed purposes, the most energy-efficient method is to use a vetch-oat mixture as a cover crop (energy efficiency coefficient – 5.65); coverless sowing is economically advantageous (profitability level – 556 %).

In a production experiment in production strawberry plantings in the agricultural cooperative “Gardens of Siberia” (Novosibirsk region) in 2022–2024, the most effective stimulation of the adaptive properties and vegetative propagation of plants under the influence of pre-planting treatment of the root system of seedlings with bacterial strains Bacillus licheniformis VKPM B-10561, B. licheniformis VKPM B-10562, B. licheniformis VKPM B-10563 and B. licheniformis VKPM B-10564 at concentrations of 1×105 CFU/ml was proven. The survival rate of planted plants increased by 13–17 % relative to the control. The number of daughter rosettes in productive plants increased by 33–58 %, to a level of 4.8–5.7 rosettes/plant. The strains B. licheniformis VKPM B-10563 and B. licheniformis VKPM B-10564 had the greatest growth-stimulating and protective effect against fungal infectious diseases. The number of leaves per plant increased by 14–21 %, the biomass of one plant – by 42–48 %, the length of roots – by 10–16 %, relative to the control. Against white leaf spot, fusarium and verticillium wilt, these strains acted with biological efficiency from 41 to 81 %. Stimulation of strawberry yield in all variants with pre-planting treatment with bacterial strains by 0.3–1.0 t/ha was proven. Under the influence of the B. licheniformis strain VKPM B-10561, the yield increased by 35 %, with 2.7 t/ha in the control variant, B. licheniformis VKPM B-10562 – by 16 %, B. licheniformis VKPM B-10563 – by 10 % and B. licheniformis VKPM B-10564 – by 30 %.

An assessment of the economic and biological value of Clarkia Pursh varieties of ornamental annual herbaceous plants is presented based on a set of characteristics important for different areas of breeding of this crop in the south of Western Siberia. The scheme of the experiment included 20 variants, in 4 repetitions. The experiment included 5 new domestic varieties created by the author on the basis of the Novosibirsk State Agrarian University (55°01’ s. 82°55’ w.d.). The first domestic variety is Clarkia purpurea (Curtis) A. Nelson & J.F. Macbr. The Purple Fairy was characterized by an early flowering period (42±1 day after germination), Cv = 4,0 %, a short growing season of 102±2 days, high seed productivity (1000 seeds = 0,73±0,004 and seeds from one plant = 5,5±0.02 g), and pollen viability – 82 %, fruit setting – 93 % and seed productivity coefficient (KSP) – 83 % and high 100 % laboratory germination of seeds. Among the clarkia samples, sources of five different flowering periods were identified: 15 % – early flowering; 2) 15 % – mid-early flowering; 3) 20 % – medium flowering; 4) 40 % – mid-late blooming; 5) 10 % – late blooming. For the first time in the climatic conditions of the south of Western Siberia, temperature limits for the passage of interphase periods were established for 3 Clarkia species according to the sum of active temperatures above 10°C: С. рurpurea required the smallest sum of active temperatures above 10°C (Q1=801°C – Q3 =1723°C), with an average value of 1234°C. The sources of the abundance of flowering have been identified. The author’s varieties were distinguished by high seed qualities. A direct dependence of the seed productivity coefficient on the viability of pollen has been established (r = 0.99, p < 0.05). The early clarkia varieties, C. purpurea (5.5 g) and C. unguiculata (3.8 g), had the highest seed productivity. Thus, a comprehensive assessment of Clarkia samples served as the basis for the development of the national methodology RTG/1157/1 for conducting tests on Clarkia Pursh environmental protection systems, made it possible to identify sources of selectively valuable economic and biological traits and create a fund of original seeds that provides directions for further breeding and reproduction of promising samples for their further implementation in the production and landscaping of the region.

To date, the issues of genotyping of various groups of woody and shrubby plants that grow in arid conditions remain relevant to determine breeding-valuable genotypes. In this regard, the purpose of the study was to test ISSR markers and use them for subsequent genotyping of various ecotopic populations of C. aphyllum native to the Astrakhan Region and Stavropol Territory. The effectiveness of the ISSR primers used was evaluated using four main parameters of the information content of primers: polymorphism information index (PIC), effective multiplexing coefficient (EMR), marker index (MI) and resolution (Rp). Using 9 primers, a total of 88 DNA fragments of the C. aphyllum genome were amplified, of which 77 were polymorphic. The total number of amplified DNA bands depended on the primer used and ranged from 8 to 15. The average PIC value using nine primers was 0.381, while the standard deviation was only 0.0043. The MI values ranged from 1,293 to 2,371, with an average of 1,723. The highest MI values were found in primers UBC808, UBC856 and UBC891 – 1,850, 1,908 and 2,371, respectively. The resolution index values ranged from 2,400 (UBC808) to 7,771 (UBC891). The average RP value was 4,508, which indicates the high efficiency of the primers studied in detecting genetic differences in C. aphyllum populations. Populations in the Astrakhan region have 8.2% higher polymorphism than populations in the Stavropol Territory. Both populations from the Astrakhan region (Cal2 and Cal3) show similar values of all parameters of genetic variability. The research results can be used in breeding work to create new forms of C. aphyllum.

The article is devoted to forecasting the impact of global climate change on the development of the crop industry in Siberia. As a result of previous studies, it has been revealed that the shift of natural and climatic zones by 2050 will lead to an improvement in the conditions of the crop industry in certain regions, such as the Krasnoyarsk Territory, the Republics of Tyva and Khakassia. The Krasnoyarsk Territory will experience the largest increase in the average annual temperature – by 2–3 °C by 2050, which will lead to an increase in the duration of the growing season and create the opportunity for growing late-ripening varieties of crops. The predicted changes in the soil cover under conditions of global climate change are shown, mainly the reduction of organic matter in the soil, its mineralization and erosion. At the same time, the shift of natural and climatic zones will create conditions for the expansion of acreage to the north of the macroregion, mainly due to the introduction of fallow lands into circulation. These lands will be used mainly to increase the production of grain and leguminous crops, and, for example, in the south of the Krasnoyarsk Territory, oilseed crops will increase. At the same time, the involvement of new territories in agricultural turnover in the context of global warming is associated with certain risks, such as an increase in the number of natural disasters, degradation of permafrost soils and disruption of the ecological balance.

The aim of the study was to optimize the stages of garden strawberry micropropagation. To introduce the Elizaveta 2 variety and the K₁₀ selection line into in vitro culture, the growth points of the firstorder runners were used as explants using the following sterilization scheme: soap solution; running water; 70% ethanol; 12 % H₂ O₂ . At the stage of micropropagation itself, Murashige-Skoog medium was used with a sucrose concentration of 0, 10, 20, 30 g/l, supplemented with 0.5 mg/l 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP). The final stage of the work included determining the ability of the regenerates to adapt to ex vitro conditions. Vermiculite was used as a substrate. The experiment was repeated three times. The number of roots and microplants from the explant, as well as their viability at the adaptation stage, were recorded. The Elizaveta 2 variety and the K₁₀ line did not have statistically significant differences in the increase in the number of microshoots. The Elizaveta 2 variety showed a tendency to decrease by 2.03 pcs. (LSD05 = 4.09) in the variant with the addition of 30 g/l sucrose, and the number of roots statistically significantly exceeded the value of the indicator on the control medium (20 g/l sucrose; LSD₀₅ = 2.64) by 3.23 pcs. On the nutrient medium with the addition of 10 g/l sucrose, the number of roots decreased by 3.77 pcs., and on the medium without sucrose – by 8.38 pcs. The K10 selection line did not form roots in the variant without the addition of sucrose, and no statistically significant deviations were observed in the other variants. Under ex vitro conditions, the micro plants were characterized by 88.8–100 % viability after in vitro cultivation on variants with 20–30 g/l sucrose. Adapted micro plants, cultivated in vitro on a diet containing 30 g/l of sucrose, have a powerful root system (Elizaveta 2 by 6.42 pcs. more, line K₁₀ by 4.23 pcs., LSD₀₅ = 4.86), compared to the indicators in the control variant.

Chicken manure contains a complex of useful substances that are easily used by plants, but due to the large number of pathogens, its use can lead to environmental pollution. Currently, a promising direction is the use of poultry manure after additional processing. The article presents the results of studies conducted in the forest-steppe zone of Western Siberia in 2020–2023 at the field station of the Siberian Research Institute of Forage SFNCA RAS on leached medium-deep medium-loamy chernozems in order to study the effect of preparations based on chicken manure on the productivity of soybeans cultivated after fallow and grain predecessors, and the biological activity of the soil. The studies used processed chicken manure using a cavitator by distilling dry manure in the form of a 10% solution in water and obtaining fertilizers of various compositions. The possibility of replacing mineral nitrogen fertilizers with organic preparations based on chicken manure was established. It has been shown that pre-sowing application of preparations to the soil and vegetation treatment activate the vegetative development of plants and contribute to an increase in the yield of green mass and soybean grain. When cultivating soybeans for green mass, it is recommended to apply Preparation 1 to the fallow predecessor, which contributes to a reliable increase in the yield of green mass by 3.3 t/ha. To the grain predecessor - an increase in yield by 3.2 t/ha. A reliable increase in sowing soybeans for grain was obtained when applying Preparations 1 and 2 to the fallow predecessor, the grain yield increased by 2.6–3.0 c/ha and Preparation 3 to the grain predecessor. The article also presents the results of the agrochemical efficiency of granulated organic and organomineral fertilizers with modifying additives based on chicken manure in field experiments with lettuce and potatoes, and shows their influence on the yield and quality indicators of cultivated agricultural crops on sod-podzolic light loamy and loose sandy loam soils of the Republic of Belarus under the conditions of 2023–2024.

The research was carried out in 2020–2023. at the Federal State Budgetary Institution FANTS of the North-East. For the first time, data have been obtained on the efficiency of new fungal and bacterial strains of microorganisms with phytoregulatory, fungicidal and immunomodulatory properties and methods of their application in the cultivation of spring wheat. Field studies were conducted on plots of 1 m² in 4-fold replication. For the first time, information has been obtained on the efficiency of using new fungal (Trichoderma spр., pcs. K-01P) and bacterial (Fischerellamuscicola (Thur.) Gom., pcs. 300) strains in the cultivation of spring wheat of the Bazhenka variety. For this purpose, monoculture strains of microorganisms and their binary mixtures were used once (seed inoculation) and twice (seed inoculation and treatment of crops in the tillering phase). Comparison of experimental data was carried out with the control (without inoculation) and the standard (biopreparation Trichocin). The selective effect of Trichoderma spр. and F. muscicola strains and methods of their application on the phytosanitary condition of crops and the yield of the Bazhenka variety was revealed. Effective biocontrol of root rot is possible with their double application (seed inoculation and crop treatment) both as a monoculture and a binary mixture. In these variants, the number of affected plants decreased by 10.3–11.4 % in relation to the control and by 5.9–7.0% – to the standard (at HSR₀₅ = 5.3). A higher fungicidal activity of the studied strain K-01P than that of the standard drug Trichocin was found, which increases its prospects as a target bioagent. The studied strains are also effective in protecting against septoria at a low level of disease development. Increased resistance to fungal diseases also had a positive effect on the production process. The highest yield (on average 245.7 g/m² ) was obtained when treating seeds and crops with a binary mixture of Trichoderma spр.+ F. muscicola, which is 38.1 g/m² higher than the control and 28.3 g/m² higher than the standard (with HSR₀₅ = 30.3).

Growing accumulation of lactose-containing waste resulting from the growth of cheese production in Russia and throughout the world has increased interest in the search for new effective biotechnologies for their processing, including through the bioconversion of lactose into ethanol. The work used cheese whey with an initial lactose content of 40 g/L and a pH of 4.84, three industrial strains of Kluyveromyces lactis Y-2035, Y-2037, Y-2040, and the reference strain Saccharomyces cerevisae Y-187. We carried out yeast cultivation in a FA-2 fermenter (Prointech, Russia) for 48 hours in cheese whey with the addition of nutrient solutions and zinc ions, at a temperature of 34 °C, stirring, and aeration. As indicators of the dynamics and efficiency of the biotechnological process we choose pH, the number of yeast cells, the concentration of protein, lactose and ethanol in the culture medium for periodical control using commercial kits. After that, we calculated the growth rate, percentage and average rate of lactose utilization, average rate of ethanol formation, and fermentation efficiency. As a result, it was shown that the K. lactis Y-2035, K. lactis Y-2037 and K. lactis Y-2040 can utilize from 76.3 to 86.0 % lactose, while from 17.7 to 21.0 g/l of ethanol is formed in the medium. The fermentation efficiency varies in K. lactis strains from 75.6 to 89.7 % versus 5.6 % in the reference strain S. Cerevisiae Y-187. Among those studied the K. lactis Y-2037 strain has the maximum capacity for lactose utilization and ethanol formation. It is proposed to use technology for processing lactose-containing dairy industry waste by converting lactose into ethanol with yeast cultures K. lactis for obtaining promising raw materials, reducing pollution, as well as for the internal production of bioethanol, and to recommend the K. lactis Y-2037 strain for this purpose.

Application of experimental probiotic preparation in feeding of calves of dairy period of rearing is shown. The study was carried out on the basis of the branch of FSBRIF FASCA “BF Komsomolskoye” on young black-and-white breed calves from birth to 9 months of age. Two groups of calves of 10 heads each were formed according to the principle of analogue groups. Calves of the control group received the basic diet, calves of the experimental group - additionally liquid experimental probiotic preparation based on Lactobacillus plantarum and Propionibacterium freudenreichii spp. from Siberian collection of microorganisms of Siberian Research Institute of Cheese Making department of FSBSI Federal Altai Scientific Center for Agrobiotechnologies, in doses: 40 ml/head from day 11–20, 50 ml/head from day 21–30, 70 ml/head from day 31–40. When feeding animals of the experimental group experimental probiotic preparation, for the first three months, there was no significant difference in live weight. At 6 months of age there was an increase in live weight by 1.2 % in comparison with the animals of the control group, at 9 months of age - by 3.0 %, the difference is reliable (p < 0.05). The maximum value of relative live weight gain was observed at six months of age of calves, the difference with the control was 5.8 %. For 9 months of growing calves of the control group absolute live weight gain of the experimental group exceeded the control group by 6.8 kg, average daily gain increased by 8 % in favour of the experimental group. Probiotic preparation had no negative effect on some indicators of protein and carbohydrate-fat metabolism. Albumin in blood serum of calves had high values, with predominance in animals receiving probiotic preparation by 2,3 % (p < 0,01). The α-globulins and β-globulins remained within the reference values, the difference with the control is reliable and is 3.2 % (p < 0.01) and 4.2 % (p < 0.05), respectively. The amount of γ-globulins in the experimental groups exceeds the reference values by 6.7–22.2 %. The level of cholesterol in the blood of calves of experimental groups was within the reference values with some decrease in the experimental group by 5.3 % (p < 0.001). The level of total protein in calves has underestimated values in control and experimental groups by 1.1 and 4.9 % compared to reference values.

New data on morphometric characteristics of branchipods crustaceans of the genus Artemia from 8 different types of hypergaline lakes in the south of Western Siberia (Altai Krai) are presented. Statistical analysis of morphometric characters of females and males of adult Artemia was performed to clarify the differences between populations. Measurements of body length showed clear differences between populations of crustaceans from hyperhaline lakes differing in the degree of water salinity from 41.2 (Lake Maloe Shklo) to 251.4 g/l (Lake Kuchukskoe). It was revealed that depending on the habitat conditions, the crustaceans change their size and shape. Furcal features were the most variable in females and males: furca length fl (females Cv = 43.69 %, males Cv = 25.47), number of bristles on the right sf-r and left furca sf-l (females Cv = 79.86 %; 81.21 %, males Cv = 28.56 %; 29.17 %) and the ratio of furca length to abdominal length fl/al (females Cv = 49.99 %, males Cv = 27.64). Based on morphometric indices, a dendrogram of similarity between parthenogenetic and bisexual Artemia populations in different types of hypergaline lakes was constructed. Cluster analysis made it possible to divide the studied populations into 3 groups, which inhabit lakes of different levels of water salinity. Correlation analysis of morphometric characters with water salinity was carried out. It is shown that the strongest correlations are characteristic for furcal indices, with the difference that in females the correlations are negative (fl: r = -0.54; p < 0,05), and in males - positive (fl: r = 0.53; p = 0,05).

Adansonia digitata, the baobab, is a giant tree whose leaves, seeds, and fruit pulp are used as food. Baobab fruit pulp contains a large amount of vitamin C, calcium, potassium, a significant amount of B vitamins, amino acids, and antioxidants. There are several recipes used to hand-make baobab pulp cookies. According to the traditional recipe, water and a small amount of sugar are added to the crushed baobab pulp. All ingredients are mixed until a homogeneous mass, dough, is obtained. The pieces formed from the dough are dried. Sugar is an important ingredient in the production of baobab pulp cookies, as it affects the texture, taste, and color of the cookies. More sugar can increase their weight and density, as well as make the cookies softer and more tender by absorbing moisture, creating a more moist texture. The research was carried out in Perteguy (PERTEGUI), in Conakry, as part of the Project for the Study and Research of Endogenous Technologies in Guinea at the Perteguy Agro-Food Section (Projet d’Étude et de Recherche sur les Technologies Endogènes en Guinea dans la Section Agro-Alimentaire du PERTEGUI). From January 30 to February 15, 2023, the study was carried out, consisting of 3 repeated stages. In each stage, three variants of cookie production recipes were used, differing only in the amount of sugar added to the dough, 00 g, 500 g and 750 g, respectively. Then, samples were taken for analysis: sample identification, physicochemical and microbiological. A statistical analysis was also carried out. The results of the analyses showed that the more sugar contained in the cookies, the more water they retain after drying. It was also found that the ascorbic acid content in the samples was 208 mg/100 g, which is lower than that of other authors (272 mg/100 g), but remained constant with increasing Brix and humidity levels. In addition, in samples with a sugar content of 500 g and 750 g, the presence of yeast and mold was noted at about 2.67 CFU/g and 3.00 CFU/g, respectively, which is lower than the recommended norm of 10.00 CFU/g. The absence of salmonella in the samples indicates compliance with hygiene rules during the production process.

Biosurfactants are biotechnologically valuable metabolites of microorganisms. These compounds have not only surface-active properties, but also the ability to suppress growth of pathogenic and opportunistic bacteria and fungi. The wide range of characteristics and safety of biosurfactants have allowed them to find application in various industries. However, their production is currently problematic. The main problems in biosurfactants obtaining are associated with the search for highly active strains-producers, optimization of media composition for their cultivation, and production costs reduction. The aim of the work was to study the influence of different carbon sources on the biosurfactants production by natural bacilli strains. A screening of Bacillus spр. strains that possess surfactant activity from the Engineering Center “Prombiotech” collection was conducted. For the selected strains, the influence of sucrose, glycerol, mannitol and beet molasses on the biosurfactants production was shown. It was established that the Bacillus atrophaeus 7 strain is capable of producing surfaceactive compounds only when cultivated on media with molasses as the sole carbon source. On the contrary, for the Bacillus subtilis 1/8 strain, production of biosurfactants was recorded when using media with sucrose, glycerol, mannitol and beet molasses. The influence of cultivation duration on the surfactants accumulation in the medium for both bacilli strains was also established. The growth duration increase resulted in biosurfactants concentration decrease in the culture liquid.

According to the results of the research, the influence of milking intensity of first-calf heifers on the duration of productive use of Simmental cows was established. In first-calf cows with average milk yield for 1 lactation – 4000–5000 kg of milk life expectancy was higher by 177, 29; 181,31 and 209,74 days than in coevals with productivity class 5001–6000; 6001–7000 and 7001 and more kg of milk. Group I animals also had longer productive period of 1670.51 days, which was higher by: 165.74; 151.86 and 154.63 days than cows of groups II, III and IV, respectively. With the increase in milk yield for the first lactation, there was a decrease in the number of lactations used from 3.89 to 3.16. A statistically significant difference of 0.73 lactations (P ≥ 0.95) in productive longevity was found between animals with productivity class 4000–5000 kg and 700 1 and more kg. A higher lifetime milk yield of 20316.73 kg was obtained from animals with productivity class of 7001 kg of milk and more for 3.16 lactations, the difference in this indicator compared to group I, II and III was 87.42, 620.38 and 2267.44 kg (P ≤ 0.95). The average milk yield for all lactations in group IV was 6636.21 kg, which was significantly higher than the average of cows of groups I, II and III by 29.55; 22.28 and 23.11 % (P ≥ 0.999), and the difference in milk yield per 1 day of life and per 1 day of productive use, respectively, was 8.52 % (P ≥ 0.95); 4.44 % (P ≤ 0.95); 13.76 % (P ≥ 0.999) and 10.65 % (P ≥ 0.95); 2.37 % (P ≤ 0.95); 13.56 % (P ≥ 0.99). Comparative evaluation of milk productivity dynamics between the groups revealed superiority in milk yield from 1 to 6 lactation in first heifers of group IV, compared to I, II and III by 1491.47; 1191.29 and 1388.62 kg, respectively.

Taxonomic classification of the honey bee (Apis mellifera) is a complex task caused by a number of factors. Among them are hybridization between subspecies, blurred boundaries of their ranges, imperfect identification methods and intense anthropogenic impact. These factors significantly complicate the classification and systematization of subspecies, which makes the problem relevant for research. The article describes the distribution of 30 subspecies of honey bee in six evolutionary lines (A with sublineages Z, M, C and O with X, Y). The species range covers three regions: Africa (11 subspecies), West Asia and the Middle East (7 subspecies), and Europe (12 subspecies). Particular attention is paid to transitional zones, such as the Mediterranean, where hybridization between different subspecies leads to the formation of populations with intermediate morphometric and genetic characteristics, which complicates their systematization. Beekeeping, as an anthropogenic activity, has a significant impact on the spread of subspecies beyond their natural ranges. An example is the introduction of the Italian honeybee (A. m. ligustica) and the Carniolan honeybee (A. m. carnica) to Northern and Western Europe, which caused genetic mixing with populations of the dark forest honeybee (A. m. mellifera). Modern research methods, such as genome sequencing and fragment analysis of microsatellite loci, allow for a detailed analysis of the evolutionary relationships between subspecies. However, the mechanisms of bee adaptation to various environmental conditions are insufficiently studied. Genetic and morphological characteristics of subspecies play a key role in determining their taxonomic status. To preserve the genetic diversity of bees, it is necessary to reduce anthropogenic impact and control hybridization in border zones. This will preserve the unique genetic lines and adaptive abilities of bees, which is of great importance for the conservation of biodiversity and the development of beekeeping.

The study is devoted to the investigation of the relationship between polymorphism in the bone morphogenetic protein receptor 1B (BMPR-IB) gene and lipid metabolism in Romanov sheep bred in Western Siberia. The study of polymorphisms, including single nucleotide substitutions, is an important aspect in the selection of agricultural animals. They can affect various indicators of animal productivity, disease resistance and adaptation to the environment. This study was conducted on 65 Romanov sheep. DNA analysis was performed by the PCR-RFLP method to identify genotypes for the BMPR-IB gene. For electrophoretic fractionation of DNA samples, 3% gel with the addition of ethidium bromide was used. In addition, the content of heavy metals in the sheep’s habitat was estimated, which did not exceed the MAC. Statistical data processing was performed using Microsoft Office Excel 2007 and RStudio version 1.2.5033. Lipid metabolism was analyzed based on cholesterol, triglycerides, and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels. A significant relationship was found between the BMPR1B genotypes and HDL levels. It was found that WW homozygotes had higher HDL levels than WM heterozygotes (p < 0.05). The polymorphism did not affect the blood triglyceride and cholesterol levels in sheep. There are no data in the literature on a direct relationship between BMPR-1B and lipid metabolism. An indirect effect of BMPR-1B is possible through signaling pathways and pleiotropic effects of the gene. Thus, further study of the polymorphism is necessary to clarify the mechanisms of BMPR-1B influence on lipid metabolism.

The article presents the results of a study of protein metabolism parameters in Romanov sheep with different genotypes for the myostatin gene (MSTN). The study was conducted on Romanov sheep aged 6–7 months. The animals were kept in the same conditions and received standardized feed. Blood obtained by vacuum extraction was used for biochemical studies. Biochemical parameters of animals were determined using reagents manufactured by Vector-Best CJSC on a Photometеr 5010 V5+ biochemical analyzer at the Laboratory of Veterinary Genetics and Biochemistry of the Department of Veterinary Genetics and Biotechnology of Novosibirsk State Agrarian University. Statistical data processing was performed using Microsoft Office Excel 2016 and R Studio 2024.12.1+563. The normality of the distribution of features was assessed using the Shapiro-Wilk test (W). The reliability of features between genotypes was assessed using Student’s t-test. During the study of the MSTN locus in the Romanov sheep population in Western Siberia, two genotypes were identified: the heterozygous CD genotype (with a frequency of 0.58) and the homozygous DD genotype (frequency of 0.42). The concentration of albumin and ALT in both genotypes had a normal distribution (p > 0.05). It was found that the CD genotype for the MSTN gene is associated with an increased content of total protein in the blood serum, a decrease in ALT activity, and a significant decrease in AST activity. Carriers of the DD allele demonstrate an increased level of albumin. A relationship was found between the genotype for the MSTN locus and the albumin content in the blood serum of Romanov sheep. Homozygous DD animals exceed CD heterozygotes by 1.3 times in albumin level. Higher phenotypic variability of ALT and AST levels in animals with CD genotypes was shown compared to sheep with DD genotypes. The obtained results on the biochemical profile of sheep can be used to evaluate the interior of the Romanov breed taking into account genotypes in accordance with polymorphism in the myostatin gene.

The aim of this study is to determine the most effective method for extracting maral velvet antlers based on the obtained data on amino acid composition. The research involved the production of biosubstances using 4 extraction methods: 1st method: Ultrasound extraction (22 kHz) with a raw material-to-water ratio of 1:10 at a temperature of 45–50 °C; 2nd method: Ultrasound extraction (22 kHz) with a raw material-to-water ratio of 1:10 at 45–50 °C, followed by autoclaving; 3rd method: Ultrasound extraction (37 kHz) with proteolytic enzymes, with a raw material-to-water ratio of 1:10 at 45–50 °C; 4th method: Ultrasound extraction (37 kHz) with microbial enzymes, with a raw material-to-water ratio of 1:10 at 45–50 °C, followed by autoclaving. Amino acid analysis was performed using chromatography on a Shimadzu LC-20 Prominence system equipped with a diode array detector. The calibration curve was constructed using nineteen standard amino acid samples manufactured by Sigma (Germany). The study results indicate that the second and fourth extraction methods are the most effective. These methods yield biosubstances with amino acid concentrations 1.4–2.1 times higher than those obtained using other extraction techniques.

The histological structure of the pituitary gland was studied in 26 carnivorous mammals (10 American mink, 10 domestic cats and 6 silver-black foxes). The studies were carried out at the Department of Anatomy and Physiology of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education of the Novosibirsk State Agrarian University and based on the experimental fur farm of the Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences during 2023-2024. The pituitary glands were examined topographically after removal of the skull bones, and examined microscopically after fixation of the material in 10% neutral buffered formalin solution. The prepared sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin and then examined by light microscopy followed by photographing the major structures. The study established the topography of the pituitary gland on the ventral surface of the brain. The study of histologic sections showed that in the studied animal species the pituitary gland is well developed, divided into anterior (adenohypophysis) and posterior (neurohypophysis) lobes, separated from each other by the pituitary cleft. The pituitary gland in all animals was surrounded by dura mater. All parts of the adenohypophysis - distal, tuberal and intermediate - were observed in the adenohypophysis. The distal part of the adenohypophysis consisted of three main cell types: acidophils, basophils and chromophobic cells. Acidophils were smaller than basophils and chromophobes were the largest cells. The tuberal part consisted predominantly of chromophobe cells and sinusoidal capillaries. The intermediate part contained clusters of chromophobic and basophilic cells. The neurohypophysis contained unmyelinated nerve fibers among which numerous pituicytes were scattered. The data obtained coincided with the histologic structure of the pituitary gland of other carnivorous mammals.

To ensure maximum efficiency of poultry enterprises specializing in meat production, the necessary conditions are improving the quality of manufactured products, reducing production costs, and minimizing stressful situations that arise when birds come into contact with service personnel. Compliance with these conditions is ensured through the use of automated process control systems that generate control actions according to the standard data of process indicators at a certain time interval of the production cycle. The disadvantage of these systems is the lack of consideration of the physiological needs of birds, which change depending on their condition. To solve this problem, it is necessary to develop control systems that provide for the adjustment of the production process in real time based on the information received about the conditions of keeping birds, their productivity, weight, etc. The development of these systems is based on the dependence of the parameters of feed consumption, water, manure output, air exchange, temperature, illumination on the indicator that determines the physiological state of birds. In this paper, the weight of birds determined every day was considered as such an indicator. The aim of the work was to model the dependencies of changes in feed consumption, water, manure output, required air exchange, temperature and illumination on the increase in live weight of broilers throughout the production cycle. Modeling was carried out using the linear interpolation method based on regulatory, statistical and experimental data. The obtained models will allow developing a process control system at a poultry farm, providing for tracking changes in the physiological state of birds with the subsequent formation of control actions that ensure the adjustment of the production process in real time, due to which an increase in production efficiency will be ensured, as well as a reduction in production costs.

Weather conditions are the main factor influencing the release of nectar and pollen by plants and its collection by bees. The climatic conditions of the Vasyugan marshes differ from the south of Western Siberia. The Vasyugan bolo serves as a giant air “filter” that helps our planet breathe. In addition, this territory is located in the rose of the winds, where the airless masses of cities with industrial gases bypass it. By collecting nectar, the Vasyugan forage base ensures the profitability of the pasture, but in order to fully solve this problem, it is necessary to know how much pollen bees collect from the moment of the exhibition from the winter garden and before they are placed in the winter garden. The aim of the research was to study the influence of abiotic factors on the collection of nectar and pollen in the Vasyugan region. Observations and in-house processing of the obtained data were carried out according to «Methods of conducting scientific research in beekeeping». In Vasyugan, in the morning and evening hours, there is a lower air temperature at which pollen does not ripen. Thus, the actual load of honey goiter in the Vasyugan region differs sharply from the load of honey goiter in the southern part of Western Siberia. In the southern regions of Western Siberia, in the Mountain Shoria, the load of honey goiter is 57 mg. In the conditions of the Barzas taiga, pollen collection ranges from 800 to 1000 g per day. The average load of honey goiter in Vasyugan, in May, was 22.20 ± 0.50 mg, the weight gain was 15.32 mg. In June, with an increase in the average monthly temperature, the load of honey goiter increases – 24.00 ± 0.69 mg, and the weight of the leg is 22.30 g. In July, the indicators reached a maximum value of 26.40± 0.78 mg and 34.03 g, respectively. In August, with the change in weather conditions, the studied indicators decreased. In the Vasyugan region, the number of days with favorable temperatures for the release of nectar and pollen is 156, the average air temperature in May– August is 15–230 C, which creates unfavorable conditions for the growth of honey-bearing vegetation that releases dust, therefore this biological resource is sufficient for the full development and efficiency of the bee family, but to obtain a marketablea leg and a parchment is not possible.

The world’s growing population is driving the search for alternative, protein-rich food sources. In recent years insects have increasingly been considered as a promising source of protein due to their rich chemical composition. However, their use in the food industry is currently limited. One way to solve this problem is to include insects in common foods, such as baked goods. The aim of the study is to evaluate the effect of adding house cricket (Acheta domesticus) meal on the characteristics of oatmeal cookies. Was prepared 4 versions of cookies with different levels of replacement of wheat and oat flour with house cricket meal (0%, 5%, 10%, 15%) were evaluated for nutritional value, color, and microbiological indicators. In addition, the work included a tasting of cookies with a 10% replacement of grain flour with meal from Acheta domesticus. As a result, it was revealed that in the prepared cookies, with an increase in the amount of meal from Acheta domesticus, the amount of protein increased and the content of carbohydrates decreased. An increase in the experimental ingredient in the samples caused the product to darken. According to microbiological indicators (total viable count, coliform bacteria, Salmonella spp, S. aureus, yeast, molds), cookies with 15% addition of meal from Acheta domesticus complied with the safety standards of the Technical Regulations of the Customs Union 021/2011 “On food safety”. According to the results of a tasting of cookies with the addition of meal from Acheta domesticus, more than 80% of respondents liked the prepared bakery product and would like to try products containing insects again in the future. At the same time, women expressed a more negative assessment of the prepared food product compared to men. Further testing and education of potential consumers about the health benefits of insect-infused products is expected to increase acceptance of edible insects among people.

The effectiveness of dairy cattle breeding largely depends on the intensity of use of breeding stock. At the same time, the factor of productive longevity of animals is of great importance, since it largely determines not only the economics of production, but also the effectiveness of improving the herd. The aim of the study was to study the influence of genetic and paratypical factors on the signs characterizing the duration of use of cows in the population of Holstein cattle of black-and-white breed in the conditions of breeding farms of the Vologda region. The study was conducted using a database of 15403 cows that were retired in 2021 and 2022. The influence of the studied factors on the signs of the duration of use was assessed on the basis of variance and correlation analysis. The reliable influence of genetic factors bull-father, the degree of blood in the Holstein breed, the age of the mother’s retirement in lactation; paratypical - the age of the 1st fruitful insemination and the 1st calving, milk yield for 305 days of the 1st lactation of the cow, milk yield for 305 days of the 1st and maximum lactation of the mother cows. Selective selection of breeding bulls based on the duration of productive use of daughters and cows, potential mothers of future heifers, by age in lactation will contribute to obtaining animals genetically predisposed to longer use. The results of the study can be used in breeding and breeding work to improve the population of Holstein cattle of the black-and-white breed.

Objective. To reveal the influence of complex genotypes of beta-casein and kappa-casein genes on milk productivity indices of Kholmogorsk cows. Methods. DNA extraction was carried out using the reagent kit “MagnoPrime VET”. Allele-specific PCR (AS-PCR) was used to determine allele polymorphism of CSN2 gene. Determination of DNA restriction fragments by visualizing the results by horizontal electrophoresis with 3% agarose gel. Restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-PDRF) was used to determine the A and B alleles of the CSN3 gene. Results. In the course of molecular genetic analysis of Kholmogor breed animals, polymorphism of genetic variants of beta-casein (CSN2) and kappa-casein (CSN3) proteins was detected, and the frequency of occurrence of different complex genotypes was studied. The most common complex genotype was found to be A1A2/AA, occurring in 41.15% of the animals, representing 158 individuals. The least common genotype combinations were A1A1/BB and A1A2/BB with a total number of 8 animals (less than 2.5%). No individuals with A2A2/BB genotypes were found. Animals with a combination of A2A2/AA genotypes had the best milk yield, fat mass fraction, protein mass fraction, milk fat quantity and milk protein quantity among heifer cows. The lowest values for mass fraction of protein, milk fat and milk protein had animals with A1A1/AB genotype combination. Among all the studied herd, cows with complex genotype A2A2/AA had the best result in many indicators of milk productivity. Whereas the lowest signs of milk productivity were shown by animals with a combination of A1A1/ BB genotypes. Scientific novelty consisted in the study of the relationship between the complex genotypes of betacasein, kappa-casein genes and their influence on milk productivity of Kholmogorsk cows. At the moment, there are very few scientific works devoted to the study of complex genotypes of these genes, and there are no studies conducted on the Kholmogorsk breed of cattle.