Due to the currently observed global and local climate changes, there is an imbalance in the biological cycles of plants, a change in their resistance to biotic and abiotic stressors. The level of realization of the potential of economic productivity of grape varieties in the Krasnodar Territory is low and amounts to 60%. At the heart of its increase is the optimization of the placement of grape plantations, taking into account varietal characteristics and variety-oriented, zone-oriented technologies of grape cultivation. Varietal agrotechnology, which provides for the establishment of an optimal load of grape bushes with shoots, plays an important role in regulating the growth of the grape bush and its individual parts, the formation of plant resistance to stressors and the quality of viticulture products. Due to the more frequent manifestation of stressful weather conditions during the growing season of grapes, namely, insufficient soil moisture in combination with high temperature and low humidity, an urgent area of research is the study of stress resistance indicators under different loads of bushes with shoots. The purpose of the research is to study the effect of the load of bushes with shoots on the stress resistance of grape varieties of domestic selection Vladimir, Dmitry, Kurchansky. Indicators characterizing the stress resistance of plants, such as electrolyte yield, hydration, water deficiency and loss of water by leaves (water retention capacity), have been studied. A variety-specific reaction of grape plants to changes in the load of bushes with shoots under stressful conditions (insufficient precipitation and high air temperature) has been established. Increasing the load in Dmitry and Kurchansky grape varieties improves stress resistance indicators, such as tissue hydration, water deficiency and water retention capacity. The Vladimir variety had the best performance with a minimum and average load of bushes with shoots.

The studies were conducted in three-year production experiments in the nursery of the agricultural production cooperative (APC) “Sady Baraby” in the Novosibirsk region to assess the effectiveness of the Bacillus bacteria strains in obtaining honeysuckle seedlings from lignified cuttings. The most effective stimulation of rooting of lignified honeysuckle cuttings was proven with pre-planting treatment with the strains B. amyloliquefaciens VKPM B-10642, B. licheniformis VKPM B-10562 and a mixture of 3 strains (experimental biopreparation Fitop 8.67) in concentrations of 1×10⁵ CFU/ml to an absolute level of 36.9–40.5 %, 20.3–32.1 % higher than the control. All the studied bacterial strains reliably stimulated the increase in seedling biomass by 17.6–42.6% relative to the control, to a level of 11.7–14.2 g/plant. The most stable in the years of observation were the strain B. amyloliquefaciens VKPM B-10642 and a mixture of three strains, which can be stated to have the greatest growthstimulating effect on honeysuckle plants. An increase in the commercial quality of seedlings (I and II grades) was proven when using pre-planting treatment with the strains B. subtilis VKPM B-10641, B. licheniformis VKPM B-10562 and a mixture of three strains by 32.5–35.0 % relative to the control, to an absolute level of 70.7–72.0%. The highest yield of standard seedlings, on average over 3 years, was demonstrated with pre-planting treatment with the B. licheniformis strain VKPM B-10562 – 777.4 seedlings/variant, which should be recognized as the most promising strain for use in obtaining seedlings from lignified honeysuckle cuttings.

Experimental work was carried out in 2021–2023. in order to study the influence of sowing timing on the productivity of angustifolia lupine in the conditions of the Krasnoyarsk forest-steppe. The objectives of the research included determining the effect of the timing of sowing angustifolia lupine on seed germination and the safety of plants for harvesting; studying the influence of crop sowing timing on grain yield; assessment of the contribution of factors to the formation of lupine grain yield. The experimental design included three dates for sowing lupine: 1st date (early) – May 5; 2nd term (middle) – May 15; 3rd deadline (late) – May 25. The objects of research were narrow-leaved lupine varieties bred by the All-Russian Research Institute of Lupine Vityaz and Belozerny 110. The hydrothermal regime of growing seasons differed according to the years of observation: in June 2021, as well as in July and August 2022, plants experienced a lack of heat; in 2021 and 2023 there will be a moisture deficit. The research results showed that the field germination of seeds varied according to the experimental variants and depended on the moisture supply of the soil at the sowing depth, which developed under specific growing season conditions. The best seed germination of the Vityaz variety was noted at early sowing dates in 2021 and 2022, and at late sowing dates in 2023; for the Belozerny variety 110 at the average sowing time in 2021, at the late sowing time in 2022 and in 2023. The safety of plants for harvesting decreased from the first sowing period to the third for both the Vityaz variety and the Belozerny 110 variety. Early sowing of lupine provides the highest grain yield of the crop. On average over the years of the experiment, the yield of the Vityaz variety during early sowing was 12.4 c/ha; during the average sowing period, the crop productivity was 12.9% lower, and at the late sowing period it was 50.8 % lower. A similar trend is observed in the variety Belozerny 110: in the 1st sowing period the average yield was 12.2 c/ha, in the 2nd period it was 11.5 % less, in the 3rd period it was 44.3% less. The formation of lupine productivity is significantly dependent on both the timing of sowing (contribution of the factor – 34.7–47.4 %) and on the growing season conditions (contribution of the factor – 39.6–51.9 %).

The results of research on the use of a drug of natural origin as an antistressant to herbicides are presented. Soybean plants, like other crops, are exposed to stress not only from abiotic (spring-summer and summer droughts), but also from anthropogenic factors (pesticide treatments). Experiments were conducted in the northern forest-steppe of the Novosibirsk region in 2020-2021 on leached chernozem. The objects of the study were the humic preparation Cytohumate and soy varieties SibNIIK-315 and Zolotaya. It has been shown that the Cytohumate brown coal antistressant at a rate of 0.4 l/ha improves the physiological state of soybean plants, provides rapid biomass growth and increases crop yield. The humic preparation contributed to the timely passage of the phenological phases of soybean development. Due to the reduction of the stress effect against the background of Cytohumate in 2020, the phenological phases occurred 2–3 days earlier than in the control. In the dry conditions of July 2021, an acceleration of the budding and flowering phases was noted. Against the background of a natural antistress agent in 2020, an increase in soybean height was statistically proven. The use of the humic preparation had a stimulating effect on the biomass of the cultivated plant. This was most noticeable in the wetter 2020, when the biomass in the experimental variant was significantly higher than the control by 16.8 %. In 2021, in the case of using Cytohumate, only a tendency to increase biomass was observed and the differences from the control were 7 %. The yield increase when applying Cytohumate as an antistress agent to herbicides amounted to 0.4–0.5 t / ha of grain.

The research was carried out on sod podzolic medium loamy soil in 2022-2023 in the experimental fields of the Smolensk Research Institute of Agricultural Sciences of the Federal Research Center for Bast Fiber Crops on the basis of the laboratory of agricultural technologies. The purpose of the experiment was to study the effect of the level of mineral nutrition on the yield and quality of meadow clover hay. The object of the study was an early-maturing diploid variety of meadow clover Pochinkovets. The experience was laid down in accordance with the methodology developed by B.A. Dospekhov; mathematical data processing was carried out by the method of dispersion and regression analyses; determination of the amount of organic matter, total and biological nitrogen according to the methodology of A.A. Zavalin and co-authors. According to the results of two years of research, it was found that the largest harvest of meadow clover hay for two mowing was obtained in a more favorable weather conditions in 2022 (20.0 t/ha) relative to 2023 (8.3 t/ha). The maximum yield of hay, regardless of the year of research, was noted in the variant of complex application of the studied fertilizers (N₄₈P₄₈K₄₈). Further dose increases were ineffective. The higher yield in 2022 is due to the fact that taller clover plants were formed this year (up to 10 cm higher compared to 2023). The calculation of the contribution of meadow clover to soil fertility after plowing showed that up to 9.52 t/ha of organic matter entered the soil, up to 181 kg/ha of total nitrogen accumulated with organic matter in the soil, including up to 118 kg/ha of fixed nitrogen.

As part of the comprehensive research plan for the implementation of the FNTP subprogram “Development of potato breeding and seed production”, a potato breeding program is being conducted on the basis of the SibNIIRS branch of the ICIG SB RAS in various areas, the main ones are: selection for adaptability, early maturity, high productivity, nematode resistance and suitability for processing into crispy potatoes and fries. The purpose of the study is to study the best hybrids of the nursery of competitive variety testing in various breeding areas. The object of the study was 12 best potato hybrids from the nursery of competitive variety testing. Three varieties were taken as the standard: Yuna, Nevsky and Svitanok Kievsky. The coefficient of adaptability over 1 was noted in 67% of hybrids of the competitive nursery. According to the early harvest, three hybrids that exceeded the standard were distinguished: 2029, 812-5, and 1920/3-1. The average productivity in the years of research over 30 t/ha was noted in 8 hybrids of the competitive nursery: 4797/3-1 (30.4 t/ha), 886/1-4 (30.7 t/ ha), 1-14-1a (31.1 t/ha), 1014/8-1 (32.4 t/ha), 785/8-5 (32.9 t/ha), 2302 (34.6 t/ha), 2029 (36.1 t/ha) and 1920/3-1 (38.7 t/ha). According to the results of the All-Russian potato testing center for resistance to cancer and nematode (VNIIKH, Moscow), 83% of hybrids of the competitive nursery are resistant to golden potato nematode. According to the suitability for processing for crispy potatoes, one highly suitable sample was identified – 2660/1 (8 points). Three highly suitable (8-9 points) hybrids are recommended for processing into French fries: 2681/4, 4797/3-1, 1920/3-1. As a result of the selection of SibNIIRS, two medium-early hybrids were created and submitted for State Testing: 785/8–5 (Alka) from 2022; 1014/8-1 (Nika) – from 2023. The early productivity of the hybrid 1920/3-1 was 64% higher than the early variety-the Yna standard, this sample is being prepared for transfer to the State Variety Testing among the early ripening group called Ataman. This work was supported by IC&G budget project No FWNR-2022-0033.

In crop breeding, clustering of samples at a minimum of the Euclidean distance causes the combination of a set of features (morphological, biochemical, phenological, economic, and others) into clusters according to their objective similarity. Recently, breeders have widely used this method to evaluate the source material and form collections for purposeful breeding. The aim of the research was to cluster the working collection of sugar sorghum samples according to a set of characteristics, followed by the selection of the most valuable genotypes for targeted further breeding of hybrids with a high yield of sugars per unit area. In the presented work, 47 genotypes of sugar sorghum were used as research objects, which were grown in the experimental field of the Federal State Budgetary Research Institution Russian Research and Design-Technological Institute of Sorghum and Corn in the period from 2021 to 2023. The growing conditions of the crop can be characterized as arid: the hydrothermal coefficient varied from 0.62 to 0.75. The collection in question included genotypes with variability of the studied traits from 6.9 to 47.4 %. At the 42nd iteration step, the samples were grouped into 6 clusters, significantly differing in all characteristics, except for plant height. The first cluster consists of 8 varietes, the second – 28, the third – 4, the fourth – 4, the fifth – 1, the sixth – 2. The most promising were 34 samples from 2, 3 and 6 clusters, characterized by tallness (188.9-198.8 cm), productivity (seeds – 2.50-2.57 t/ha, aboveground biomass – 20.09-31.53 t/ha), high sugar content in the juice of the stem (16.4-17.0 %) and a powerful leaf apparatus (the area of the largest leaf is 207.9-312.8 cm², flag – 65.2-156.8 cm²). The involvement of selected samples in the breeding program will contribute to the creation of hybrids of the first generation of sorghum with a high yield of sugars per hectare of crops.

Field peas (Pisum sativum L.) are the most important leguminous crop for the northern regions of Russia, used for green cattle feed. The experience in the variety study of field peas was laid on the basis of N. Laverov Federal Center for Integrated Arctic Research of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences in 2021-2023, where the productivity and nutritional value of six new varieties of field peas of various origins were evaluated: Tyumenets, Frigate, Boar, Veles, Tan, Varys. The research was carried out according to the methodological guidelines “Methodology of the State Commission for Variety testing of agricultural crops”. Peas were grown in a single-species crop. The aim of the work was to evaluate varieties of seeded peas of various origins in terms of feed productivity and nutritional value and to identify the most adaptive to the conditions of the Arkhangelsk region. The growing season for the green mass varied from 36 to 41 days, the yield of the green mass from 17.9 to 35.5 t/ha. As a result of the conducted experience, precocious productive varieties of field peas with high biochemical parameters were identified – Veles, Wild Boar, Frigate, Tan. According to the main economically valuable characteristics, the Tan variety stood out. It has been established that it is effective to grow new varieties of field peas for green fodder in extreme climatic conditions.

Most barley varieties grown in the Omsk region on an area of more than 300 thousand hectares are affected by dusty smut. The purpose of our study is to analyze the gene pool of the pathogen population and identify the sources of resistance to it. In the field, on an artificial infectious background of the plant immunity laboratory in 2019-2023, in the first decade of July, during flowering, test varieties with identified resistance genes were infected: Run 1, Run 3, Run 6, Run 7, Run 8, Run 12 and Run 14, varieties of local selection Gift of Siberia (susceptibility indicator) and Omsk 99 (stability indicator), samples of the world collection of barley VIR and hybrid material of Omsk ancestor teliospores of the local population of the Dusty smut Ustilago tritici. hordei (Jens.) Kell. et. Sw. (Оld name Ustilago nuda (Jens.) Kell. et Swing). Infected seeds were sown and the lesion of the samples for the next year was taken into account according to the VIR method and the adapted SIMMIT method. The results of the study of the dusty smut population showed that varieties with the Run 3, Run 6 and Run 8 genes and sample L-6823 (Run 12) showed high resistance to the pathogen. The Trebi (Run 1) and Anoidium (Run 7) samples showed a variation from practical resistance to weak susceptibility (damage from 2.5 to 19.1%), and the Korol sample (Run 14) – from weak to strong susceptibility. The assessment of the stability of the varieties included in the GR of the Russian Federation and the hybrid material of the laboratory for the breeding of grain crops showed that most forms are affected from a weak to medium degree. The Omsk 102 variety, included in the GR of the Russian Federation since 2023, has confirmed its resistance to dusty smut. In the hybrid material, samples with practical stability and mild damage were isolated – Nutans 4945 and Nutans 4926. Among the collection material, resistant numbers were identified: Suzdalets (k-30314), Zadel, Vityaz (RF), Himalayen (k-15549), Galt (k-19910), Bonanza (k-21661) all from Canada, etc. The listed samples are recommended as sources of stability for inclusion in the breeding process when creating resistant varieties for cultivation in the Omsk region.

In recent years, the fruit growing industry has undergone significant changes, for example, over the past 10 years, domestic production of fruit and berry products has increased by more than 40%, the lion’s share of which is used in the food and processing industry of the Russian Federation, and occupy a special position there. Fruit and berry products are the most important source of vitamins, including vitamins such as C, P, E, K and carotene, which are not synthesized in our body in any way and must be supplied regularly with food. However, with the growth of production of these products, the need for planting material is also growing, as well as the cost of manufacturing the products themselves. In this regard, the low use of intensification agents in fruit growing, including the use of humic preparations and root-forming agents, significantly reduces the efficiency of production of high-quality planting material. To solve this problem and reduce the cost of producing seedlings by the method of lignified cuttings, it is necessary to use intensification techniques using organic fertilizers based on local raw materials. The research was carried out in 2019–2021 at the site of lignified cuttings of berry crops, the educational and experimental farm “Michurintsev Garden” of the Novosibirsk State Agrarian University. The paper analyzes the features of propagation of garden crops by the method of lignified cuttings. The effect of organic fertilizers on the survival, rooting and overwintering of cuttings is shown. The features of the growth and development of black currant under the action of organic fertilizers have been studied. The yield of commercial seedlings of garden crops has been established under the influence of applied technologies.

Rapeseed is one of the leading agricultural crops in the world with a wide area of cultivation. The article shows the history of the development of rapeseed farming in Siberia and presents the results of breeding work on rapeseed. The varieties of spring rapeseed of East Siberian breeding, promising for Western and Eastern Siberia, are given. A brief description of the Uzhursky rapeseed variety is the first variety created by accelerated breeding with a low content of erucic acid. The article presents the history of zoning of the aneruk and low– glucosinolate varieties of spring rapeseed in the food direction of use Dubravinsky precocious with high seed yield up to 27.2 c/ha and oil content up to 43-45%. The history of the creation of the most famous variety of spring rapeseed Reliable 92 in the Krasnoyarsk Territory and adjacent regions, obtained by the method of diallel crosses, with a yield of green mass up to 315-380 kg/ha, seeds up to 21.9 kg/ha, with a seed content of up to 22.8% protein and up to 42-44% fat. Further breeding work contributed to the creation of a variety of spring rapeseed for complex use (for green feed and seeds) The gift and varieties of the oilseed direction of use are Siberian. Over the past 15 years, work has been carried out with variety sample No. 595, called the Ladny variety, with a yield of green mass up to 50.4 t/ha (16% higher than the standard), a dry matter content of 9.36 t/ha (12% higher than the standard), a feed value of green mass feed units – 0.148 g, digestible protein – 18.18 g, digestible protein in 1 K. unit 124.6 g. Seed yield over five years of research ranged from 1.37 to 2.58 t/ha, on average 2.01 t/ha (17.5% higher than the standard Reliable 92 – 1.71 t/ha). The new Ladny variety is recommended for cultivation in Western and Eastern Siberia.

Fiber flax is a strategic crop. Flax products are widely used in various sectors of the economy, including the production of fabrics, paints, medical cotton wool, gunpowder, etc. The occurrence of diseases on flax crops entails a decrease in crop yield. The quality of flax fiber obtained from the affected flax plant deteriorates, and infected seeds reduce germination and biological potential. The most harmful diseases of fiber flax at present are fusarium wilt, rust, anthracnose, pasmo, and bacteriosis. The goal of the research conducted in 2021–2023 on the basis of the laboratory of breeding and biotechnology of the Federal State Budgetary Institution “Federal Scientific Center for Bast Crops” (Tver Region) was to create new flax genotypes resistant to anthracnose (Colletotrichum lini) using biotechnological methods. As a result of research, new forms, more resistant to the pathogen, were created in vitro from flax genotypes susceptible to anthracnose. It was revealed that on a selective background, plants with varying degrees of resistance were formed on the basis of immature embryos. Both resistant and moderately susceptible forms were noted susceptible forms formed on the basis of the same genotype. It was noted that the majority of regenerants obtained during in vitro selection from genotypes susceptible to anthracnose, under the newly created selective conditions, were characterized by resistance and average susceptibility to the cultural filtrate. It has been suggested that the formation of regenerated plants, different from the original forms, against a selective background in the culture of immature fiber flax embryos, is caused by the occurrence of a spontaneous mutation process, which, apparently, does not always depend on the creation of selective conditions. The studies revealed differences in the used strains of the anthracnose pathogen according to morphological characteristics. It was established that the intensity of sporulation and growth of the strains used did not depend on their virulence.

For the forest-steppe conditions of the Ob region with its sharply continental weather conditions, oat selection must combine high productivity of varieties with complex disease resistance. The purpose of the study is to evaluate oat varieties for disease resistance and adaptability in the northern forest-steppe of the Novosibirsk Ob region. The studies were conducted in 2018-2023. in the collection crop rotation and in the phytopathological section of the plant gene pool laboratory of SibNIIRS a branch of the Federal Research Center ICG SB RAS (located 17 km from Novosibirsk). The research material was 9 varieties of spring oats of Siberian origin (Krasnoobsky, Novosibirsky 5, Rovesnik, Sig, Orion, Otrada, Fakel, Sibirsky Hercules, Tobolyak). The varieties were assessed according to the following indicators: general adaptability to environmental conditions, resistance to extreme environmental conditions, stability of yield formation in contrasting conditions and resistance to three pathogens (red-brown spot, dusty and covered smut). High overall adaptability to environmental conditions was shown by: Fakel, Otrada, Tobolyak and Siberian Hercules (K = 1.07 1.04). The highest yield potential was formed by: Tobolyak (1359 g/m2), Otrada (1270 g/m2) and Orion (1236 g/m2). Resistance to stress (the smallest difference between maximum and minimum yields) had: Torch (-365 g/m2), Siberian Hercules (-420 g/m2). Compensatory ability (the highest average yield in contrasting conditions) is characterized by: Tobolyak (1090 g/m2), Fakel (987 g/m2) and Otrada (970 g/m2). Stable yields in contrasting conditions were demonstrated by: Fakel (31 %), Siberian Hercules (36 %) and Tobolyak (39 %). Complex resistance to three pathogens (red-brown spot, dusty and covered smut) was shown by: Siberian Hercules, Fakel and Novosibirsk 5.

Potatoes are one of the most important food crops, and most susceptible to diseases, including viral ones. They can lead to significant yield losses (up to 30-80 %), and in the case of infection by several viruses, this damage increases. The article presents the results of evaluation of viral infection of seed potatoes in Altai Territory (10 potato samples from Kytmanovsky, Pervomaisky districts and Barnaul city) and its influence on morphometric and biochemical parameters of plants. The presence of viruses (X, Y, M, A, S, leafroll virus and tuber spindle viroid) in the samples was determined by RT-PCR using a ‘SINTOL’ set of reagents. Biochemical parameters: chlorophyll a and b concentrations, malonic dialdehyde, peroxidase activity were determined spectrophotometrically. The maximum frequency of occurrence in the districts of the region was observed for two viruses PVY, PVS. On varieties Colomba and Juwel, the prevalence of Y virus reached 100 %, S virus 90-100 %. Tuber spindle viroid (quarantine object), leafroll virus and A virus were absent in all tested samples. Evaluation of morphometric indices revealed a 1.4-fold decrease in the number of leaves affected by virus Y, relative to virus-free plants (variety Colombo). On the variety Gala, the combination of Y+S viruses caused in plants a reduction of leaf plates and an increase in the number of leaves by 1.9 times. S virus infection of Gala variety resulted in a 1.27-fold increase in MDA concentration and a 1.26-fold increase in peroxidase activity. Combined virus infection (PVY + PVS) enhanced the negative effect observed with mono-infection.

Since the middle of the last century, the practice of using the predatory bug Podisus maculiventris to protect nightshade crops from pests has been known in various regions of the world. In the conditions of the Siberian region, the use of Podisus to regulate the number of Colorado potato beetles has not found wide application to date, which is due to both the availability of the entomophage itself on the market of plant protection products and the need to develop methods and conditions for its use in the production of organic plant products. The paper presents information on the influence of environmental factors on the dynamics of the Colorado potato beetle population, the survival rate and the effectiveness of its entomophage on the colored potato variety Rosemaria. During the years of research, the number of phytophage generations developing during the growing season depended on the temperature factor. In 2023, a high number of the second generation of the Colorado potato beetle was noted, due to the warmer conditions of this growing season, while in 2022, egg-laying and second-generation larvae were single. The influence of local weather conditions on the survival of podisus individuals released into open ground and, as a consequence, on its regulatory activity was noted. Differences in the effectiveness of the entomophage depending on the method of its release were revealed. With uniform dispersal of P. maculiventris nymphs over plants, a decrease in leaf damage by the Colorado potato beetle and an increase in its biological effectiveness were observed compared to the option of releasing podisus at one point. The maximum effectiveness of podisus was noted on the 7th day after its repeated release and was 87.8 and 90.9 % in 2023 and 2022. respectively, in the variant with uniform distribution of the entomophage among plants, while when released at the control point, the biological efficiency was at the level of 63.8 and 64.4 %. The potato yield in the variants using the predatory bug was 1.3-1.5 times higher compared to the control and varied from 124.3±6.6 to 149.9±6.5 c/ha depending on the year of research and the method of release of the entomophage.

The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of enzyme-probiotic feed additive “Profort” on rumen microflora and reproductive function of Holstein cows under conditions of year-round uniform feeding. The object of research were high-yielding cows (n = 40) of Holstein breed, kept loose, in conditions of yearround uniform silage-hay-concentrate type of feeding. In total, two groups of lactating cows of 20 heads in each group were formed: control group with feeding of the basic ration (OR) and experimental group OR + enzymeprobiotic feed additive “Profort” 30.0g per head per day daily, for 15 days, three times with a break of 15 days. “Profort” contains a probiotic mixture consisting of two types of bacteria: Enterococcus faecium 1–35 and Bacillus megaterium B-4801. As a result of the research it was found that the use of feed additive to animals of the experimental group contributed to an increase in the content in the rumen microbiome of cellulosolytic bacteria that activate the breakdown of plant feed fiber: Prevotellaceae, Lachnospiraceae, Clostridia UCG-014, Eubacterium, Oscillospiraceae, Hungateiclostridiaceae, Christensenellaceae and Ruminococcaceae, as well as lactate-utilizing bacteria, preventing the decrease in pH of the rumen environment, reproduction and colonization of opportunistic and pathogenic microflora in other organs of the animal body, including the reproductive system. The cows of the experimental group have improved reproductive ability indicators: fertilizability, decreased duration of service period, labor and postpartum complications. The number of calves obtained in the state of physiological maturity (normotrophy) increases.

The aim of the study was to assess the well-being of sows at a farrowing site with a fixed content in the conditions of industrial pork production technology. The object of the study was suckling sows contained in BDSwing machines on lattice floors. The Welfare Quality® protocol was used for the assessment, modified in accordance with local production features. The well-being of the sows was assessed on the first day after farrowing and again on the 15th day of the suckling period. When processing the data, the total welfare score of the sows was calculated. The fatness of the sows was determined by the thickness of the fat above the last rib on the 30th day of pregnancy and at weaning at 28 days. The statistical analysis was performed using the statistical programming environment R. The reliability of differences between groups of animals in fatness on the 30th day of pregnancy and at weaning was assessed by the Kraskel-Wallis method. Pairwise comparisons were carried out with the Hill correction. In the group of well–off sows, the total score was 0.62 points, while for the conditionally well-off, this parameter was already 2.51 points and the disadvantaged – 4.9 points. The re-evaluation was carried out on the 15th day after farrowing by the same researcher. With minor changes in the total assessment of animals (0.59, 2.49 and 5.12 points, respectively), there is an increase in the total assessment in the group of disadvantaged sows, as well as the movement of animals from one group to another in the direction of aggravation of the condition. Significant differences in fatness between well-off and conditionally well-off and dysfunctional sows on the 30th day of pregnancy were determined. At the same time, although healthy sows differed in the smallest fat thickness, during pregnancy and suckling period, in this group the least loss of fatness to weaning was noted (-0.3 mm).

The genesis of internal organ systems is determined by a spectrum of various factors and characterizes the growth rate of animals, their constitution, resistance to diseases and the ability of animals to adapt to environmental conditions. An assessment of the absolute weight of the lungs, brain and heart of Landrace pigs of Irish selection was carried out. At the early stages of the technological cycle, a representative group of pigs was formed, taking into account their origin, sex, age, and live weight. The total number of animals was 12. The fattening of the animals took place in a large pig-breeding farm in the Altai Territory, where standard living conditions were provided according to the standards of meat fattening of animals. Vaccination of animals was carried out in accordance with the preventive plan, and systematic veterinary control was provided. At the end of the technological cycle, when the live weight reached 100 kg, slaughter was carried out on the basis of the current technological instructions. The absolute mass of organs without surrounding structures was determined by weighing on scales with a high accuracy class. The obtained data were evaluated using Microsoft Office Excel and the R programming language in the data analysis environment RStudio version 2022.07.2+576 (RStudio, PBC). Visual assessment showed the absence of pathoanatomic changes in organs. In all cases, based on the ShapiroWilk test, a normal distribution was established. In pigs, the median absolute lung weight was 447.8 g, brain – 81.6 g, for the heart – 33.8 g; 95% confidence interval for the lungs – 245,56 525,85 g, for the brain 45,33–98,42 g, for the heart – 190,21–404,49 g. The article provides indicators of variability of the trait in question. The interbreed differentiation of pigs by lung and heart weight has been established.

Infectious pathologies of animals remain the main problem on the path of high productivity, preservation and, as a result, productive longevity of animals and ultimately determines the profitability of agricultural industrial production of animal products. The possibility of developing pathologies is caused by specific substances of predominantly organic origin (proteins, enzymes, toxins, glycopeptides, etc.), which cause a set of highly specific pathogenic properties of microorganisms. In this connection, there is a growing interest and need to study the pathogenic properties of viruses and bacteria, which cause a number of mechanisms that ensure the neutralization of protective immune mechanisms of animals (adhesive, anti-complementary, anti-lactoferin, antihemoglobin, anti-lysozyme activity, biofilm formation, antibiotic resistance, etc.). The study and development of effective methods to counteract these pathogenicity factors is possible only taking into account the study and search for the practical application of specific substances in the form of vaccines and drugs. Numerous studies of infectious agents causing pathology of the gastrointestinal tract with diarrhea syndrome in calves, according to statistics, distinguish the most common bovine rotavirus, bovine coronavirus, bovine viral diarrhea virus, bovine calicivirus and bovine torovirus, as well as bacteria Salmonella spp., E. coli, C. perfringens and C. parvum. The data from the review of the pathogenicity factors of bacteria and viruses show their diversity, which causes various forms of the course and manifestations of infectious pathologies. Monitoring and further study of the antigenic profile of infectious pathogens allows timely development of relevant diagnostic methods for their identification. The study of protein antigenic proteins makes it possible to develop means for the treatment and prevention of infectious animal diseases.

The relationship between eighteen conformation linear traits of first-calf heifers of a highly productive subpopulation of Holstein cattle (n=1243) with the milk fat content for 305 days of lactation (cows with shortened lactation were excluded from the sample) was studied using Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient. To obtain the highest rank for animals with the optimal score, their score was adjusted. A table is presented for the transformation of estimates of linear traits depending on the optimal score adopted in the investigated farm. The correlation between the milk fat content and individual traits was multidirectional and varied in absolute terms from 0.060 to 0.154. An algorithm for the formation and correction of complexes of linear traits and the calculation of the total score is given. The conjugation of the milk fat content and the total score of the complex of ten linear traits, including: the length of the front udder, median suspensory, rear attachment height, rear attachment width, loin strength, pin width, chest width, muscularity, stature, teat length (as defined by ICAR standards) was 0.286. The given graphs of the initial and corrected complexes that have the greatest conjugation with the content of milk fat are analyzed in detail. An optimal regression model for early prediction of milk fat content based on its dependence on a set of linear treats is proposed. The approximation accuracy R² of the model was characterized as high and amounted to 0.9831.

The hormonal and metabolic profile of conditionally healthy Yorkshire pigs of different age and sex groups was studied in an industrial pig farm. A statistically significant effect of age on the level of serum cortisol, triiodothyronine, and thyroxine in the studied pig groups was established. Increased cortisol levels compared to the literature data in almost all pig groups may indicate chronic stress, while increased secretion of thyroid hormones is an adaptive response associated with stress compensation. Biochemical parameters of blood serum in animals of different groups reflect age-related metabolic features. It was shown that the average parameter values for the groups as a whole are within the limits obtained by other authors. It was revealed that with age, there is a decrease in the content of glucose, triglycerides, and urea. At the same time, the level of total protein, albumins, and globulins in the blood serum of the studied pigs gradually increases with age. In some cases, reliable intersexual differences in the level of biochemical parameters were found, in particular, sows exceeded boars in cholesterol content, while the opposite pattern was noted for total protein. In general, the hormonal and metabolic profiles of the herd correspond to the “industrial” status of the complex. The ability to adapt, intensive protein, carbohydrate and fat metabolism are obviously fixed by targeted breed selection. The established reference values of the hormonal status and metabolic profile parameters can be used to characterize pigs of high-intensity meat breeds under industrial technology conditions.

The economically important productive traits of cattle that contribute to the development of the dairy industry are considered to be abundant milk yield, protein and fat content in milk. In recent years, breeders have focused their attention on cattle breeding programmes based on molecular genetic research methods. The potential of animal productivity largely depends on genetic variants of marker genes present in the genotype of an individual. The genes of kappa-casein and somatotropin are considered to be promising DNA markers, as they are responsible for qualitative and quantitative traits of cattle productivity. In this work we studied milk productivity of 84 cows of Simmental breed from the breeding plant in the Urals by kappa-casein and somatotropin genes, as well as by complex genes. On the gene kappa-casein on milk yield in advantage are individuals with genotypes CSN3AB 6937,6 kg. The higher content of protein in milk, milk fat and protein yield, as well as the sum of nutrients were recorded in cows with CSN3BB genotypes 3.40%, 282.5 kg, 234.2 kg and 516.7 kg, respectively. In terms of somatotropin gene, cows with GHVV genotypes had the most abundant milk production 7160.0 kg. In terms of protein-milk yield, coevals with GHLL genotypes are more productive 3.4 %. The sum of nutrients, milk fat and protein yield is more established in milk of cows with GHVV genotypes 522.7 kg, 293.6 kg and 229.1 kg, respectively. All nine possible variants of complex genotypes for kappa-casein and somatotropin genes occur in this Simmental herd: AA/LV 26 cows; AA/LL 14; AA/VV 12; AB/LL 13; AB/LV 10; AB/VV 2; BB/LL 4; BB/ VV 2; BB/LV 1. Data processing on the effect of complex genotypes on milk productivity included a number of 10 cows or more. Higher milk yield, milk protein content, milk fat and protein yield, and nutrient sum were found in AB/LL complex genotypes: 6756.0 kg, 3.4 %, 277.0 kg and 229.7 kg, 506.7 kg, respectively. Significant differences were found between cow groups in the content of mass fraction of protein.

The paper presents the results of studying the polymorphism of microsattellite loci of Yaroslavl cattle in breeding herds of the Yaroslavl region. 115 alleles with different frequency of occurrence were identified for 15 microsatellite DNA loci. From 5 to 11 alleles were identified in each of the studied loci. The average number of alleles per locus was 6.41, the number of effective alleles was 3.58. The highest incidence (0.75) in the entire population was found in locus SPS115 with allele 248, its distribution ranged from 0.72 to 0.83 across farms. For the SPS115 locus, the rare alleles are 252, 254 and 256. 6 alleles were identified at the BM1818 locus. Allele 266 has the highest frequency of occurrence in all the studied herds, and alleles 262, 264 and 270 are present in sufficient numbers. The allele 182 has the highest frequency of occurrence in herds at the BM1824 locus (from 0.46 to 0.64), with an average of 0.51 in the sample. Rare alleles have been identified, which are present only in individual herds with a frequency of occurrence from 0.01 to 0.02. The average number of observed heterozygosity was 0.71, and the expected one was 0.60% less than the observed one. The study found that the first hard the heifers had the highest yield (6871 kg, p < 0.001), rare alleles were identified in this herd – 179 at the CSSM66 locus and 268 at the BM1818 locus. The largest number of alleles, which are not present in other herds, was revealed in the breeding herd III. The higher fat content was obtained from the first heifers of this herd – 4.36% and the higher protein content – 3.45%.The fixation index in all the studied herds was negative (-0.019), which indicates an excess of heterozygotes. The obtained data will allow controlling the level of homozygosity in herds, and taking into account the allelic polymorphism of the breeding stock when fixing bulls of producers to obtain breeding offspring and in custom mating.

The article presents information regarding the metabolism of carbohydrates and minerals in Romanov sheep in the Kemerovo region. The correlations among macro elements and carbohydrate metabolism indices and heavy metal levels in organs and tissues were ascertained. We determined the average content, variability and reference intervals of glucose, amylase, lactate dehydrogenase and macro elements in blood serum. We investigated the relationship between these indices and heavy metal levels in sheep organs and tissues. In the Romanov sheep breeding zone, heavy metal content was analyzed in soil, water, and feed and did not exceed the MAC. The determination of the content of macroand microelements was carried out in the laboratory of isotopegeochemical methods of analysis at the V.S. Sobolev Institute of Geology and Mineralogy of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences by atomic emission spectrometry employing the NSAM analysis technique No. 450-S. The level of blood serum glucose is 6.0 mmol/l, the amylase is 104.0 U/l, and the lactate dehydrogenase is 1086 U/l. The order of macro elements in serum is as follows: Na > K > Ca > P > Mg in accordance with 90 : 7 : 4 : 3.4 : 1. The concentration of K in the blood exhibits a significant correlation with Zn in the spleen (r = 0.507) and Cu in the testes (r = 0.535). Simultaneously, Na exhibited a negative correlation with the concentration of Zn in the heart (r = -0.416) and Pb in the blood (r = −0.598). There was a high negative relationship between Ca in the blood and the frequency of chromosomal breaks (r = −0.752). The glucose level was negatively correlated with the concentration of Cu in the muscles (r = −0.414), Zn in the kidneys (r = −0.465), and Zn in the heart (r = −0.572), but its level was positively associated with Pb in the muscles (r = 0.568). The significance of the indicators of carbohydrate and mineral metabolism, as well as the correlations between the studied parameters, is evident in the comprehensive evaluation of the breeds phenopool.

The analysis of animal behavior, in particular suckling sows, allows us to identify problems of their well-being and health at the initial stages, which ensures an increase in reproductive productivity and profitability of the herd. Most often, the individual characteristics of animals associated with the type of higher nervous activity remain beyond the attention of breeders. The assessment of behavioral reactions of suckling sows with different levels of reproductive qualities (multiple fertility, lactation (nest weight at 21 days), the number of piglets in the nest at 2 months) during the period of the highest daily activity was carried out. The time spent by the sow on feeding piglets, motor activity, rest, feeding, research behavior, urination and defecation were recorded. As a result of the studies, no behavioral abnormalities were found in lactating sows that reduce their well-being, as indicated by the percentage distribution of animal activity types. A significant share in the ethological profile of animals was occupied by rest, the values of which ranged from 33.3 to 45.8%. Motor activity accounted for 10.4 to 20.8% of the studied time budget. On average, a sow spent a third of the daily activity budget on feeding and feeding piglets. The tendency to an advantage in feeding time of piglets of more fertile and dairy sows over the rest is shown. Suckling sows with productivity indicators above the average values in the sample were characterized by slightly less research activity, which probably reflects their individual characteristics.

The research was carried out on the basis of the agricultural production complex “Dur-Dur” (Russian North Ossetia – Alania) on laying hens of the “KOBB-500” cross, of which, at the age of 155 days, when transferred to the parent stock workshop, according to the principle of analogous groups, 4 groups of 100 heads each were formed. The duration of this experiment on laying hens was 10 months. It was found that joint feeding of antioxidants vitamin C at the rate of 500,0 g/t and Erytox at the rate of 125,0 g/t of mixed feed to laying hens of the 4-test group contributed to the improvement of hematopoietic function. Due to the synergism of the action of the tested antioxidants, laying hens of the 4-experimental group were distinguished by better indicators of carbohydrate, protein, lipid and mineral metabolism, which, compared to the control, manifested itself in a significant (P > 0,95) increase in blood serum glucose by 0,53 mmol/l, total protein – by 4,48 g/l, alanine aminotransferase activity – by 5,00 units/l and aspartate aminotransferase – by 5,97 units/l, calcium concentration – by 0,73 mmol/l) and phosphorus – by 0,69 mmol/l with a simultaneous decrease in total lipids – by 0,59 mmol/l (P > 0,95) and cholesterol – by 0,93 mmol/l (P > 0,95). In addition, in laying hens of the 4th experimental group, relative to the control, the body’s antioxidant defense processes were optimized due to an increase in the activity of glutathione peroxidase in the blood by 7,31 % (P > 0,95) and glutathione reductase by 19,96 % (P > 0,95).

Phospholipids make up the structure of cell membranes and organelles, influencing the activation of cellular enzymes. They are involved in the intercellular transport of fats, fatty acids, cholesterol and other substances in blood lipoproteins. These compounds, being natural metabolites, contribute to more efficient use of fat and prevent its excessive accumulation in tissues. Phospholipids have emulsifying properties, of particular interest are lecithins, which are phosphatides. Lecithin-based supplements in poultry feeding improve growth, reduce the risk of perosis, have a beneficial effect on skeletal formation and accumulation of vitamin A in the liver (lecithin has a synergistic effect). They also protect farm poultry from the development of liver obesity syndrome. The aim of the research was to study the effect of the phospholipid-fatty acid complex on the main zootechnical indicators in the cultivation of broiler chickens. Partial replacement of sunflower oil with fatty acids at various age periods by 0.69–1.48 % and phospholipids by 0.84–1.8 % (according to the experimental scheme) contributes to an increase in the safety of broiler chickens by 2.5 %. The inclusion of a phospholipid-fatty acid complex in broiler diets is advisable, which is confirmed by an increase in live weight by 1.95–7.42%; a decrease in conversion by 0.01–0.02 kg/ kg; preservation of safety indicators at the level of 97.5–100 %; an increase in income from the sale of chickens by 4.57–7.42 %; making a profit of 52.60–104.98 % more in comparison with the control; increasing the level of profitability by 1.01–2.19 %.

The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of extracts of medicinal plants oregano (O) and marsh cinquefoil (MC) on the morphofunctional state of liver tissue in mice using the acute stress model. The object of the study was 60 laboratory mice of different sexes of the CD-1 line. A total of 6 experimental groups were formed, with 10 individuals in each: 1 control group with a standard diet (SD); 2 SD + 20 ml / kg live weight daily MC extract; 3 SD + 20 ml / kg O extract; 4 SD + stress exposure; 5 SD + stress exposure + 20 ml / kg MC extract; 6 SD + stress exposure + 20 ml / kg O extract. The results of the study showed that the action of biologically active substances in the MC and O extracts can be factors of low antigen load, indirectly increasing the functional activity of liver cells. Specific morphophysiological changes in the liver of animals with the induced stress model give grounds to believe in the presence of a free radical mechanism of damage to the cells of this organ. In the liver samples of animals with the stress model and the introduction of the MC extract into the body, a lower level of damage to hepatocytes was found in comparison with similar samples of animals with the stress model and a standard diet. The level of damage to the liver parenchyma cells in them was limited by a reversible process hydropic dystrophy of hepatocytes. When combining the processes of stress modeling and the implementation of the O extract, the active substances of the extract directly or indirectly reduced the level of damage to the structural components of the cell. In general, the obtained results allow us to conclude that the MC and O extracts have adaptogenic properties and are promising for further study as independent and complex herbal drugs.

The conducted experiments showed that fish grown using feed containing probiotics with different mechanisms of action — enzymatic and antioxidant — showed gains and fatness coefficient exceeding the control values by more than 7 % and 5–13 %, respectively, with a decrease in feed costs of 6.7 %. Analysis of weight distribution among the studied fish groups revealed that in the experiments the percentage of individuals with higher body weight was higher by 9.65 and 14.75 %, amounting to 58.16 and 63.26 %, respectively. In the open field test, the juvenile sterlet from the 2nd experimental group recorded orientation activity, which was lower than in the 1st experimental and control groups by 3.79 % and 1.61 %, respectively, amounting to 34.8 units/min. However, the background motor activity in this group was the highest — 36.78 units/min. In the 1st experimental and control groups, on the contrary, a decrease in this indicator was observed. It was found that in individuals of the experimental groups, an increase in the reaction to the primary stimulus (vibroacoustic stimulus) was observed, followed by a sharp decrease in activity when exposed to the second stimulus. This indicates the manifestation of a defensive reaction (freezing), characteristic of sturgeon fish. In the control group, the reaction to the primary stimulus also increases, but to a lesser extent, and then remains almost unchanged. After exposure to the third stimulus, the activity of individuals of the control group does not return to the original level, exceeding it by 13.35%. At the same time, in individuals of the experimental groups, the activity approaches the background level. The ratio of orienting activity to background activity (activation level) in fish of the second experimental group was 13.9% lower than in the first experimental and control groups. This indicates that fish from the first experimental and control groups exhibit higher activity when entering a new environment. At the same time, individuals from the second experimental group demonstrate more restrained motor behavior. The reactivity indices in the experimental groups under the influence of low-frequency sound are 1,46–10,54 % higher, under short-term light stimulus and constant light exposure they are lower by 12.09–27.47 % and by 9.72–14.88 % in the 2nd and 1st groups, respectively, compared to the control group. Fish fed with feeds with experimental probiotic additives demonstrated increased resistance to high temperature and salinity. The highest heat resistance and salt tolerance were shown by fish from the first experimental group. Probiotic preparations with targeted action stimulate growth and stabilize the physiological state of fish in extreme conditions.

L-carnitine is an essential amino acid (a building block of protein) required for fat and energy metabolism, and a nutrient that promotes normal functioning of the heart and skeletal muscles. Experimental and clinical results indicate the feasibility of using L-carnitine preparations in veterinary practice. There is no registered form of Levocarnitine injectables for use in animals of different species in the Russian Federation. The aim of our study was to establish the effect of injectable L-carnitine on the internal organs of laboratory animals. When studying subchronic toxicity, the animals were divided into 3 groups of 10 animals each. The drug was administered intramuscularly daily for 42 days, to the first group at a dose of 0.08 mg / kg, to the second group 0.04 mg / kg, the third group was a control. Slaughter of 50% of the rats for the purpose of collecting biological material was carried out the next day after the end of the drug administration (43rd day of the experiment), in the remaining animals 10 days after the end of the injection (53rd day). Pathological examination of the corpses of unproductive animals was carried out in accordance with GOST R 57547-2017. The Mann-Whitney statistical criterion was used to process the data. During the pathological examination (autopsy) of the corpses of laboratory animals on days 43 and 53 of the experiment, the pathological picture did not change, but isolated changes were found in the heart and liver of rats in the experimental groups. The absence of statistically significant changes in the weight coefficients may indicate the stability of this indicator when using levocarnitine in the studied dosages and administration times.

Russian and foreign scientists continue to systematize knowledge about the accumulation of macroand microelements in the body of animals, as their study remains an urgent topic for many studies. Questions about the hereditary determination of the level of macroand microelements in animal organs and tissues are also being studied. Currently, articles by Russian and foreign authors contain separate, disparate information about the macroand microelement status of farm animals and fish of different species. Our article describes data on the phosphorus content in the liver of offspring obtained from producing bulls of the Holstein breed. The research was conducted in Kuzbass. The studied animals were in the same conditions of maintenance and feeding. The groups were formed according to the principle of analogues. The same feeding and maintenance conditions were created for the experimental animals. In the animal breeding area, the content of macroand microelements in soil, water and feed was determined, the level of heavy metals was within acceptable concentrations. The phosphorus content in the liver was determined by atomic emission spectrometry on the ICP AES IRIS device. The phosphorus level in the offspring of the sons of different Holstein bulls was in the range of 2964–3417 mg/kg. In the liver of the descendants of some bulls, the phosphorus content was 1.15 times higher than in others. The index of the strength of the influence (RW) of fathers on the phosphorus content in the liver of sons was 0,49 (p < 0.05). This indicates the influence of the genotype of fathers on the phosphorus content in the liver of descendants. The level of phenotypic variability of phosphorus concentration in the liver of offspring of different bulls was in the range of 5.6–11.6 %. The obtained average values of phosphorus levels can be taken as the physiological norm for animals of the Holstein breed in Western Siberia. The study of the level of phosphorus and other elements in organs and tissues expands the understanding of the chemical status of animals and is a characteristic of the interior.

The features of the accumulation of heavy metals in the parenchymal organs of small mammals of the Norilo-Pyasinsk ecosystem, which is experiencing anthropogenic impact from the enterprises of the Norilsk mining and metallurgical complex, have been studied. The material of the chemical analysis is samples of the liver and kidneys of small mammals captured in areas conventionally divided into three zones, depending on the location of the sources of pollution: impact, buffer and background. As a result, the study revealed significant deviations from the background values of lead, cadmium and copper in the liver of animals in impact and buffer territories, with the exception of zinc, where the accumulation of this element is much less. Thus, in comparison with the background zone, the concentration of lead and cadmium was higher by 3.4–2.8 and 2.7–2.5 times (P< 0.01), copper, by 1.3 times (P < 0.01). 05). The most pronounced deviations from the background values were recorded in the kidneys of animals, where the concentrations of heavy metals in contaminated areas exceeded the background values: for Pb by 8.4–10.2 times, Cd by 6.6–6.4 times, Cu by 1.3–1.25 times and Zn by 2.3 times. The significantly high accumulation of heavy metals in the kidneys of animals, compared to the liver, indicates the leading role of the kidneys as an organ filter in the body. In general, the maximum values of heavy metals in the main parenchymal organs of animals can be explained by the proximity of the location of the surveyed habitats to sources of pollution. Emissions carried by air masses from the enterprises of the Polar Division of PJSC MMC Norilsk Nickel are distributed and accumulated in the form of pollutants on the territory of the Taimyr Peninsula.