Multiyear histological study was conducted in the processes of periderm and xylem formation in the tillers of raspberry varieties of different bearing types. Versus everbearing varieties, the variety of the typical bearing type is established to have a relative 31-46% increase for the thickness of periderm. The typical bearing type variety has the number of periderm cell layers and suberinized layers by 54-55 and 52-85 higher, respectively. As for xylem thickness and lignificated part, they are 1.3-1.5 and 1.6-2.0 times as much, respectively, as those in the everbearing. The everbearing varieties had a 2-3 week delay in the dates of periderm and xylem maturation start and rates as compared to analogous processes in the typical fruit-bearing type variety. The increased sum of effective temperatures for the vegetation period considerably intensified periderm maturation in the tillers of all the varieties, subernized layers forming 1.6 times as much in number. Everbearing varieties were revealed to have smaller thickness, weaker degree of ripening and delayed periderm and xylem maturation dates result in possibly increased susceptibility of tillers to infections and lesions. All these require additional measures in plantations protection.

The paper investigates the efficiency of corn plant agrobacterial transformation with the in planta method applying the strain Agrobacterium tumefaciens LBA4404 that contains binary vector and bar-gene that determines resistance to Phosphinotricin, active and effective substance of Basta herbicide. Fertile father forms of corn hybrids were used as recipients, they are in the list of the Public Register of Ukrainian varieties and hybrids. Resistance of the forms derived from T0 corn to the herbicide is analyzed after its fertile plants self-pollinated. It is established that the transgen is transferred through hybridization and inherited as dominant. The data obtained testify to the bar gene expression and initial transgenic material heterozygocity for the dominant tramsgen. The ratio between the plants died and the ones resistant in T1 was 3: 1. Hence it appears that it is the only gene relevant that is localized.

The paper aims to study the characteristics of spring wheat nitrogen nutrition in crop rotation in the field under minimum primary soil tillage. The research was carried out in the multifactor stationary field experiment in 2002–2013. The work examined the seasonal dynamics of soil nitrate nitrogen and its withdrawal incorporated in agrophytocenose in 4 variants of soil tillage systems in the fields of grain fallow rotation in the extensive background, it also studied spring wheat productivity in extensive and intensive backgrounds. It was established that under the conditions of West Siberia forest-steppe and in its black soils leached by bare black fallow with tillage, the amount of mineral nitrogen went up 2.5 and 2 times as much as the initial value over the fallow period and bare early minimum fallow period, respectively. In the spring prior to wheat sowing in the fallow, nitrogen content in a 1-meter soil layer constituted 159 kg/ha when sown in the tillage, which is 1.2 and 1.3 times as much as sown in the minimum fallow and “zero” tillage, respectively. Wheat yielding when grown in the fallow in extensive and intensive backgrounds made up 2.66–2.83 and 3.53–3.61 t/ha, respectively, and in fact, did not depend upon the techniques of the fallow preparation. In the repeated sowings, wheat productivity was 1.1–1.3 times higher in the extensive background in the tillage (1.29–1.66 t/ha) than that in the minimum tillage. With optimized mineral nutrition in plants and phytosanitary situation in seedings the productivity of wheat in field crop rotations went up 2.1–2.8 times as much without any considerable differences in soil tillage variants. Agrophytocenose fallowed was characterized by the highest indexes (125.0–130.3 kg/ha) for nitrate nitrogen withdrawn from the soil somewhat lowering from tillage to minimum cultivations. Herewith, the withdrawal of the element concerned from the soil with weeds in the extensive background built up from 8.6 kg/ha in the black fallow to 14.0 kg/ha for the early minimal fallow, for grain predecessors it went up from 15.7 in the tillage to 26.9 kg/ha in “zero’ tillage.

The paper analyzes forest fire frequency index in Novosibirsk region in 1987–2012 as compared to the forest fire frequency index in Tomsk and Kemerovo regions. These indexes were compared with weather conditions (temperature, rainfalls). Maximal FFI were identified in Novosibirsk region in the years 1992, 1991, 1989, 1997, 2004, they being the most non-fire-rated. Over the period involved, the area of forest fires varied from 0.16 to 174.44 tsnd. ha. 7747 forest fires arose in the area of 705.213 tsnd. ha. Tomsk forest FFI was also examined and the data were 8646 forest fires covering the area 876.95 tsnd.ha. The area of forest fires varied in different years from 0.82 to 474.36 tsnd. ha. In Kemerovo region there were 3907 forest fires in the area 20.94 tsnd. ha for the period from 1987 to 2012. The tendencies presented regarding climatic conditions in vegetation periods of the years 1987–2012 and analysis of the certain weather conditions in 2012–2013 determine weather dramatic fluctuations and contribute to arising fire-hazardous situations, but they are far from being a determining factor. The impact of anthropogenic factor is also considered. In Kemerovo region the density of population is maximal, but there are no drastic variations in the FFI areas associated with weather conditions. Only 0.2% of the regional area was under fire, which is 20 times as little as the area exposed to fire in Novosibirsk region and 14 times as little as that in Tomsk region. The number and are of forest fires depend, first and foremost, on the due and thorough organization of forest conservation services.

The aim of the work is to design and justify the elements of energy and resource saving technology of intensified virus-free potato seed production under the conditions of northern Preobye forest-steppe. Experimental data were obtained in leached chernozems of Novosibirsk rayon in Novosibirsk region in 2012– 2014. Sanitation of the planting stock of 18 potato cultivars of different ripening groups was carried out. Potential possibilities of green cutting were established to provide the enhanced coefficient of propagation up to 1:16. when an initial tuber is exposed to growth regulators When apical meristems are exposed to physiologically active substances at tubers sprouting, the propagation coefficient reaches 1: 27. Hydroponic installations used in the fall-winter period are identified to allow for 2.8 fold enhance in seed productivity of sanitation recovered potato versus the growing of virus-free mini-tubers in rolls and green houses. In the spring-summer period the most efficient technique of propagation is to transplant the meristem plants to the rolls with mechanized planting in isolated field plots. It is shown that the technology of production of sanitation recovered seed potato must provide for the techniques which intensify potato growth and development: seed stock green sprouting, early date planting, balanced mineral nutrition, voluminous hilling, integrated ecologybased protection against pests. Intensified seed production of new regionalized and promising potato cultivars allows for considerable enhance (2–2.5 fold) in yielding of marketable potato with good quality and storage, provides cultivar potential with high energy and economic efficiency of potato produce.

On the basis of the approach suggested by the authors and resting on functional characteristics of pedogenic organic substance the content of humus is determined in soil heaps of coal-mining sections reclaimed following different technologies. It is shown that the distribution of nitrogen-containing organic substances across the profile reflects the specificity of organic substances transformation systems in the soils examined. This index is the most reliable in estimating the content of humus in initial embryoearths where nitrogen consumption by plants is minimum and in humus-accumulative ones where pedogenic organic substance is deposited. The humus content increase is revealed in the evolutionary series of soils, on average, from 2.4% in the initial soils to 3.6 and 4.2% in organ-accumulative and cespitose soils, respectively, the 4.7% increase being marked in humus-accumulative embryoearths. The content of humus in embryoearths is identified to depend much more on reclamation technology applied and soil formation stage, the same content depends much less on organic substances system status inherited from soil formation rocks.

The paper studies improved resistance and grain productivity in soft spring wheat cultivars different in ripening groups under the conditions of northern Preobye forest-steppe. The objects of research were two cultivars of soft spring wheat different in ripening groups: early ripening Novosibirskaya 22 and mid-ripening Kantegirskaya 89. The retardant CeCeCe, phosphorous, nitrogenous fertilizers and fungicide were used as factors controlling plant resistance and their improved yielding capacity. The use of these chemization means brought about different effects depending on the weather conditions happened. CeCeCe retardant and phosphorous fertilizers applied enhanced plant resistance and water retaining capacity in leaf cells by 7–9%, decreased the relationships of the concentrations of chlorophyll forms: «a» and «b» ин 4–9%. Under drought conditions, the treatment with CeCeCe retardant of early ripening cultivar Novosibirskaya 22 gains in yielding, on average, by 29%; as for Kantegirskaya 89, the gain is 23%. The plants treated with fungicide Thymus in the background of fertilizers and CeCeCe applied expand their leaf area by 4–8% and increase chlorophyll content in the leaves and yielding capacity by 7.4% and 10–47%, respectively, depending on cultivar and weather conditions.

Giving the example with soft wheat plants, the paper presents the research data that allow to develop new direction in breeding cereal crops The direction is based on the use of certain biotypes of the cultivars most adapted to their habitat and owning economic characteristics rather than the cultivars themselves as parental couples, the biotypes having qualitative gluten, drought resistance, plant productivity and other analogous traits. The attempt was made to derive from soft wheat cultivars those biotypes which possess economic properties with the aim to intensify the breeding process. The seeds of 12 soft wheat cultivars of Siberia served as the objects to examine. They referred to three ecotypes: Predbaikalsky, Zabaikalsky and West Siberian which were preliminarily grown under the same ecologic conditions – in Predbaikalye. To separate the cultivars of soft wheat the method designed by us was used, which allowed to derive 7 biotypes from each of the cultivar examined The novelty of the biotechnological direction, that is being developed, has been confirmed by authorized patents and has no world analogues both as concept and technique.

The aim of research is to conduct monitoring of seeds growth vigor in wheat and barley as well as to reveal the effect of cultivar, year and area of seeds production on the index of their growth vigor. In the years 2009–2013, the research was conducted in Research Center «Ecoflora» and at the Chair of Phytopathology and Plant Protection Systems of Novosibirsk SAU. The growth vigor estimation was carried out with the method of rolls on 182 grain crop samples from the areas of Novosibirsk region. It was established that the highest values of cereal crop seeds growth vigor were obtained in 2011–2012. The index of seed growth vigor varied with season, minimum value was observed in barley seeds in 2013, it was 62.3%; maximum value was in wheat in 2012, it was 90.0%. The vigor of barley seed growth was below 80% averaged over all the years. Dispersion analysis showed that the share of influence of the factors «crop» and «year» on the seed growth vigor made up 22 and 66%, respectively, and it was significant at 5% significance level. Averaged over 5 years, it were the seeds of Omskaya 36 spring wheat that could be referred to as full-vigorous (85.6%), the unsatisfactory index of growth vigor belonged to the cultivar Altaiskaya 325 (69.2%). The index averaged over the years varied from 62.8 to 89.9% in the seeds grown up in Kochenevo area, that of the seeds sown and grown up in Krasnoozersky area did from 59.4 to 89.9%, the Krasnoozersky index being nearly equal averaged over the years. Among agroecological factors, the highest effect on spring wheat seeds growth vigor was produced by weather conditions of «year» (33–66%), the effect of «cultivar» and «area», where the seeds were obtained, was appreciably lower and in most cases, not true statistically

With the aim to study more profoundly the chemical composition of S. oppositifolium, S. spectabile, S. caucasicum and S.lineare, which were introduced in the Collection nurse of Research Institute of Biotechnology under Gorsky SAU of Repulic of North Ossetia – Alania, as well as to study biologically active substances available and their qualitative percentage content from the total number of detected components (TNDC), the analysis and identification of the substances were performed with chromate-mass-spectrometric method. As a result of the study, it was revealed that the prevailing biologically active substances, being part of the composition of S. oppositefoiolium, are: 12-oleanin-3-yl acetate, 3-oxo-urs-12-en-28-oic acid methyl ester, lupeol acetate, palmitinic acid, linoleic acid, tocopherol; S. Spectabile: Sitosterol, tocopherol, E-8-methyl-7-dodecen-1-yl acetate, palmitinic acid; S. lineare: 12-oleanin-3-yl acetate, cycloursan-3-yl acetate, cytosterol, tocopherol, 1-methyl-2-piperidinemethanol, lupenone. Thus, the crassula studied has great energetic supply for the content of fatty acids; possesses antioxidant activity due to available tocopherol, polyunsaturated fatty acids, phytosterols and other concomitant substances; owns self-protective functions due to the abundance of wax-forming substances. Their therapeutic activity can be estimated the same way due to the presence of terpene compounds, phytosterols, steroids and specific physiologically active substances.

At the present time there are no actually resistant potato cultivars to Colorado beetle. When the pest population is great and protection events are not carried out, yield losses of non-resistant cultivars can reach 25–50%, in separate cases, the losses may be 80–100%. Therefore, every year there must be the events aimed at potato protection from the pest with the use of chemical and biological insecticides. The research aimed to compare economic efficiency of chemical and biological insecticides against Colorado beetle applied to different potato cultivars. To estimate the economic efficiency of insecticide usage to protect potato against Colorado beetle the biological efficiency of the insecticides was identified. Averaged over all the cultivars, biological efficiency of insecticide Tanrek made up 56, followed by Sharpey treatment, it was 84%. As for the treatment with the bioinsecticides Bitoxibicillini and Phytoverm, the bioefficiency was 69 and 77%, respectively. Consequently, from the point of biology the treatment of potato plants with the insecticides concerned is effective and calls for the estimation of economic indexes of their application. To successively apply the chemical insecticides Tanrek and Sharpey to early ripening cultivars, such as Lubava, is economically efficient (earning is 165.2 tsnd. rubles / hectare, profitavbility is 360.6%). Economic indexes of the crop output with the bioinsecticides used are lower 1.1–1.3 times as little as the chemical ones applied (earning is 66–57 tsnd. rubles /hectare, profitability is 142%) because of high rates of consumption (Bitoxibicillini) and high costs of protection events (Bitoxibicillini and Phytoverm).

In the food import substitution system fish-breeding plays an important part in internal water bodies. Novosibirsk region owns nearly 4000 lakes which area totals 558 thousand hectares. This is one of the unique territories where large-scale marketable fish-breeding may advance. At the present time the region occupies the fourth place for the amount of caught and hatchery-grown fishes in Russia. To achieve good results became possible due to governmental support for the fishery of the region. Marketable fish-farming has a good advance in Novosibirsk region territory on the basis of the institutionary targeted program «State support for the development of marketable fish-farming in the territory of Novosibirsk region for the years 2011–2013». Yearly funding the program from the regional budget of Novosobirsk region makes up about 70.0 mln. rubles in 2011–2013. The industrial fishery turnover involves 87 lakes. They are employed to grow fishes. In 2013 the region produced 1201.8 tons of marketable fishes. Over 4 years, since the program had been adopted to support fisheries, fish production in the region has gone up 16 times as much. The fish-farming advance is facilitated by the system of continuous training of the industry specialists that is arranged and implemented by the Chair of Biology, Bioresources and Aquaculture of Novosibirsk State Agrarian University. The implementation follows the system: undergraduate – Master student – research worker – producer.

Rationale is shown to use balsam fir (Pinus sylvestris L.) as a biologically active component to enrich small-sized semi-prepared food of pork. The choice of (Pinus sylvestris L.) fir balsam as the brine component is determined by the rich content of volatile oils, organic acids, vitamins and tanning agents in the balm composition. Based on the chemical composition of the components the formulation of the brine with the fir balsam added is designed. The work expounds the data of sodium cloridum and fir balsam effects on physicochemical changes in the pork, the changes in physicochemical indices were additionally determined in cooled and defrosted pork when brined conventionally and with the fir balsam added. It is proved that the fir balsam added to the brine composition displays inhibiting properties under lipids oxidation in brinepickled semi-prepared foods of pork. It is identified that the fir balsam added influences enzymatic systems and changes physicochemical properties of muscle proteins, develops flavor and aroma properties and enhances the output of ready-made food.

The paper provides the data of comparative examinations in morphological properties of carcass and physicochemical indices of the pork of the pigs fattened in control up to 100 kg, Precocious Meat pigs (SM-1) raised in Novosibirsk region and those of Kemerovo universal breed type (UKM) grown in Kemerovo region. Seen for the portion of lean pork separated from fat and bones, SM-1carcasses were revealed superior over UKM ones in control slaughtering. No statistical differences were identified between the animals of the breeds examined in the following parameters: market value and the weight valued by processing industry, such as semi-carcass of the back third. Resting on the examined protein quality index and intensive meat color, higher biological value and more delicate consistency proved to belong to the UKM pork. At the same time, SM-1 meat possessed higher moisture binding capacity versus UKM one, which makes it more preferable for marketing and processing. The paper gives recommendations for pork storage and utilization in merchandizing and processing on the basis of morphological and physicochemical differences. The SM-1 and UKM pork indices examined were compared to other meat types and breeds, both domestic and international. Herewith, it was marked that when breeding farm animals to improve some traits, the decline in other ones takes place, the latter being not of less importance for meat, both as produce and raw stock

The paper considers the possibility to use IR-dried vegetable-based food additives when making nutrition stuffs for therapeutic and disease-preventive purposes. Nutrition is one of the most important factors of the relationship between man and environment. Nowadays burning is the issue to develop the technology to make nutrition stuffs on the basis of available raw stock sources abundant with biologically active substances. Vegetables are the sources of vitamins (A, B₃, B₆, B₉, C, E, PP), saccharides (grape, fruit sugars, sucrose), organic acids (citric, malic, oxalic), mineral substances. Vegetable composition also contains pectin capable to form compounds with heavy metals and excrete them out of the body. In recent years the largest use has been put to vegetable ingredients with minimal moisture: whole or ground to the size required, up to powder, produced by drying. Particularly common became the latest methods of vegetable raw stock drying including infrared (IR) drying. IR-dried vegetables retain their natural color, aroma and flavor. They are quick to resume their original size in water; they do not lose their beneficial properties in continuous storage. A physiological experiment established that food additives of beet, pumpkin and carrot influence some physiological and biochemical indices in rats. Powder-like dry food of vegetables can be widely used by public catering establishments and food industry as food and flavor additives and for manufacturing therapeutic and diseasepreventive stuffs.

The article contains a brief product (and service) quality description. An algorithm of quality improvement is presented, and reserves forming algorithm (reserves term system creation; reserves classification; detection of the main point and the whole reserves building up structure); b) reserves diagnostic (reserves identification; reserves measuring and control); c) reserves systematization (reserves quality system development; overcoming of economic environment resistibility; application of reserves control system); d) achieved level of dynamic product quality retention (reserves control system examination; control system supervision). QMS development steps at food industry enterprises and reprocessors and their certification according to ISO 9000: a) analysis of QMS development and application initial state; planning of QMS development and application; b) extension courses organization to teach all kinds of managers and specialists base principles of effective QMS development; c) QMS documentation development (quality guide, enterprise standards, instructions etc.); d) QMS application. Audit forms. QMS documentation and processes detection and description. Some methods are recommended to solve quality and safety problems for food product and its accordance to international requirements.

Thermal treatment of products is the main technique in the technological process of cooking articles. The common thermal cooking treatment is followed by weight losses in semi-prepared and ready-made produce. One of the alternatives to solve the problem is raw stock thermal treatment in an automatic steam convector, there being the possibility to employ different techniques of produce making in the same operating chamber using steam and circulating air. The paper covers the data on the examined effect of the thermal treatment methods on qualitative indices of zander and hake cooking stuffs. Steam cooking convective device ПKA6–1/3П (SCD6–1/3S) is established to be employed in making cooking stuffs, which decreases losses of weight and food substances, makes the technological process and control simple. The data give grounds to believe that organoleptic indices of zander and hake samples made in the automatic steam convector appeared higher versus the control. It is identified that the dry substances weight share of the zander and hake treated in the automatic steam convector is higher by 9 and 4%, respectively, on average. Fat weight share of the first and second variants samples, those treated in the automatic steam convector, is somewhat lower (by 5–6%) versus the samples made with the common technique.

The paper expounds the research data on probiotic BS 225 administration effect on the growth rate in Siberian sturgeon young fishes grown under the conditions of industrial workshop on the fishery farm «Novosibirsky Rybzavod». To grow the fishes, fish-breeding pools made of concrete were employed which were supplied with a pit toremove feed remains and excrements, storage capacitor, mechanical and biological unit for pollution abatement to get the pools ready to be filled with water. The 1^st experimental group of fishes received the preparation at the dose 10 mcl per kg; the 2^nd one did 5 mcl per kg. The dose was recalculated after each 10 days. To clarify the effect of the preparation the control weighing was done regularly. The fish weight and body length, the largest height and some plastic traits were determined with common techniques. According to the data obtained, the absolute weight of the experimental underyearlings exceeded that of the control analogues when fed the microbiologic preparation. Expressivity of the absolute weight change depended on the preparation dose. The maximal gain in weight was recorded with the preparation given at the dose 10 microliters per 1 kg of weight. The sturgeons of the 1^st experimental group exceeded the analogues of the 2^nd experimental group on the 2^nd and 3^rd months of examination.

The level of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) in the dry matter of dairy cows’ diets in their first lactation phase produces an influence on the nitrogen exchange in the animals. The experiment was made in 3 groups of Kholmogor cows, 3 cows in each of the 3 groups, in the first third of their lactation (15–105th days). During the first period (15–45th day) the cows of the 1st, 2nd and 3rd groups received roughages in the form of corn or motley grasses silo with NDF level as 29.0, 31.3, and 33.5%, respectively. In the second period of the experiment (45–75th day) the relationship between roughages and concentrates varied in the groups at the NDF level: 32.1, 35.1 and 38.1%, respectively. In the third period of the experiment (75–105th days) the relationship between the silo and hay varied at the same NDF level in the groups (on average, 38.1). The investigation showed that the optimal NDF level in diets at lactation peak is to be within 31.0–35, 0% in high yielding dairy cows. Herewith, it was marked that the mammary gland consumed free essential amino acids more than in other cases.

The paper provides research data on the effect of maximal permissible concentrations (MPC) of forage mycotoxins on the level of testosterone, estradiol and prolactin in Ukrainian Riding, Trakenensky, Westphalian and Arabian stallions which are reared in Ukraine. 6–7 weeks later, after the forage with maximal permissible levels (MPL) of zearalenone, T-2 toxin, desoxynivalenol and aflatoxin had been delivered, the level of testosterone went down in all the breeds observed by 16.2 (Р<0.05), 15.3 (Р<0.01), 46.6 (Р<0.001) and 26.8% (Р<0.001) in Ukrainian Riding, Trakenensky, Arabian and Westphalian, respectively, herewith the concentration of estradiol and prolactin going up significantly. Estradiol level had some fold-increase in Ukrainian Riding, Trakenensky, Arabian and Westphalian breeds: 2.3 (P<0.001), 6 (Р<0.001), 6.8 (Р<0.001), and 1.9 (Р<0.001) times as much, respectively. In the stallions of Ukrainian Riding, Trakenensky, Arabian and Westphalian breeds, the level of prolactin increased 2.2 (P<0.001), 3.9 (P<0.001), 3.2 (P<0.001) and 2.9 (P<0.001) times as much. The data obtained allow testifying tцo urgent restriction of the feeding dates when the stallions feed the forage with MPL mycotoxins because of their negative effect, regarding the 6 weeks, on the hormonal background, sperm production indices and immune status.

The paper shows the part played by the introduction of blood group systems alleles as the factor of formation of allele pool of immune genetic markers in SB RAS ICG diminutive pig population. (further DMP) The DMP blood added to the blood of Landrace (1998) and Vietnamese boars (2005, 2010) made the DMP herd have the alleles, such as E^edf, L^adhjl and L^agim. It was the introduction of the alleles from Landrace and Vietnamese boars rather than convergation processes that made the crucial contribution to the phylogenetic mapping of the modern DMP population, that being well-reasoned and testified to. Based on the allele presence/absence, two major components were spaciously plotted in the map through Euclidean distances. The components show DMP clusterized with the pig breeds and populations which were used in their production. Given the grouping happened based on the 2013 data about the presence or absence of blood group systems alleles, the modern DMPs are found in the same cluster with Svetlogorsky mini-boars, minisibs and Vietnamese breed. Given the clusterization resting upon the alleles detected in the population founders, DMPs are found in the same cluster with Svetlogorsky founding boars. In addition, the paper shows the contribution of each of the initial forms to the gene pool of the modern DMP population as well as the contribution of each of its founders. Over a half of the blood portion belongs to the Svetlogorsky founding boars, but the contribution of each of the rest of the predecessors constitutes nearly 0.1–0.2.

At the present time obesity is an important social and medical problem. The liver is a unique organ where all metabolic ways cross and principle exchange processes run. Therefore the aim of research was to reveal and estimate the character of structural changes in the liver of Vistar line rats in the model of alimentary obesity. The objectives of the research are to carry out morphometric and light optics examination of the liver, to analyze the morphometric data in the structure and cell composition of the organ on the light optics level at experimental obesity of alimentary etiology. The experiment involved 2-month old sexually mature femalerats of Vistar line with the initial body weight 180–200 g. There were two groups of animals in the experiment: control (intact rats receiving standard laboratory food diet) and experimental (receiving the model of standard laboratory food diet added to by edible fats of animal origin during 3 months). The animals were slaughtered under etaminal anesthesia (40 mg per 1 kg of animal body weight) by decapitation. For the morphometric and light optics examinations (microscope LEICA DM 750, camera LEICA ICC 50 HD) histologic preparations were fixed in 10% buffered formalin. The morphometric examination of liver preparations was carried out with 1000-folded magnification in the cuts of 5mcm thick and stained with Mayer's hematoxylin and eosin using the method of applying point morphometric grids (a grid of 256 points). Relative areas of sinusoid networks, nuclei, and cytoplasm of hepatocytes, numerical densities of sinusoid cells, hepatocytes and binucleated parenchyma cells were determined; nuclear-cytoplasm ratio, the ratio of numerical density of sinusoid cells to the numerical density of all hepatocytes were calculated; the part of diplokaryocytes was calculated from the total number of hepatocytes, Vizotto coefficient was used to calculate the ratio of sinusoid network area to the area of parenchyma of all the hepatocytes. The experimental alimentary obesity is established to result in adipose dystrophy in liver parenchyma and simultaneous stimulation of hepatocytes functional activity. Structural changes in the parenchyma cells are concomitant with functional tension of capillary-connective tissue structures expressed by disorders in blood circulation and lymph flow in the organ.

The paper provides the results of examined therapeutic efficiency of Emexid under acute postpartum endometritis in cows. Emexid is an original complex preparation to treat cow endometritis, it was designed at Closed Stock Company «Rossvetpharm» (Krasnoobsk town, Novosibirsk region). Its composition includes: antibacterial component from fluoroquinolones group of the 3rd generation: Enrofloxacin, antiprotozoal component of nitroimidazole group, that is metranidazole, as well as auxiliary and shape-forming substances. Therapeutic efficiency was studied comparing to Endometromag-T. High therapeutic effectiveness of Emexid preparation was identified, it was 95.31%. In the course of treatment of animals with Emexid preparation most indexes studied by us changed, such indexes as non-specific resistance, pro- and antioxidant activity of blood serum. The recovery of animals was followed by increased phagocyte neutrophils activity, bactericide, lysozyme and anti-oxidant activity in blood serum.

At the present time the question is posed in a quite acute way about the change in sexual behavior of dogs. In this relation the owners of bitches have their dogs’ mating problems very often. Sex cycle length is confirmed by individual variability and the same female may change it every year. This make it difficult to determine their bitch‘s optimal date for mating and fertilization taking only outward signs into account. One of the main conditions that provide successful dog breeding is to use microscopic analysis of the contents in vaginal smears. Our work presents the data of cytological examination of vaginal mucus in dogs to determine the most optimal time for insemination. In the course of the examination it was established that the optimal days for breeding are the 3–4th days of estrus. For the data of the cytological examination of vaginal smear in dogs, the most favorable days for breeding are when the cytological smear contains no leukocytes, when the cytological smear surface cells are located in groups of 4–6 cells or they are crowded in the form of tiling. The sigs of no breeding days in the cytological smear picture are decreased number of surface cells and increased number of intermediate cells, mucus character changed and leukocytes appeared. The smear attains turbid and darkish background.

In Ulan-Ude city there is an intricate situation emerged with intensified evolution of important invasive and viral diseases (plague of dogs, parvovirus enteritis, leptospirosis, cystoisosporosis, etc.). This requires changing a theoretical approach to differentiation and eradication of the most spread invasive and viral diseases. Therefore the urgency is stated to revise the approach from monistic viewpoint to invasive, viral and contagious diseases and pass on to the notion of associative diseases, which allows to largely accelerate the further design and broad introduction of biological methods to control invasive and viral diseases. We examined biochemical changes of dogs’ blood indexes under plague carnivore both as monoinfection and as the one in its associative course – plague+cystoisosporosis. As a result, we established that the associations of viruses and protozoa cause dog’s body to have more evident biochemical changes of blood indexes as compared to monoinfections, which, in turn, requires a different approach to the treatment of animals sick with associative diseases.

The paper analyzes the dynamic of epizootologic indexes for cattle leucosis at the agricultural enterprise when sanitation works were in progress. The work was performed at CJS «Kalinovskoye» in Novosibirsk region in 2006–2013. The enterprise involved is characterized by extreme unfavorable circumstances for leucosis. The share of sick cows at the hematological stage of the disease made up 3.4– 9.4% in different units of the enterprise (the farm totals 85 leucosis diseased cows). The cows of the same enterprise were infected 100%, the infected heifers of breeding age constituted 33–46%, sick sire-bulls made up 25–100%. Besides, single losses of leucosis cows are marked, the animals slaughtered at meat-complex are detected to have typical pathology and anatomy changes. The examination data showed that in the epizootic situation of the kind the sanitation works should be focused on culling leucosis cows in the first two years following the results of hematological examination of each cow and growing up young animals free of leucosis virus. As a follow-up, it is necessary to replace infected population step-by-step starting from one unit of the enterprise (or drove of cows). The efficiency of the work to get the herd free of leucosis virus infected cows depends on the required number of young replacements available and performance with heifers and sirebulls. Step-by-step sanitation work with leucosis suspected cattle at the agricultural enterprise having extreme degree of epizootic process tension is not followed by decreased population of productive animals.

One of the pressing problems of epizootic welfare in productive livestock-breeding in the country is to compromise milking herds to leucosis (BLV) infection. According to the existing laws on the events of control and preventive measures against cattle leucosis (M., 1999) milk from BLV infected cows is subjected to industrial processing, there are to be in principle no animals of the kind in herds. Surveillance bodies demand to obey the laws in the framework of GOSTs (State Standards); the Standards are provided by World Trade Organization (WTO). BLV-carrying does not only decrease milk quality, but simultaneously, the carrying results in declined resistance in the animals. Consequently, these animals are the group of risk. Hence there emerged the importance to acquire impartial scientific knowledge about the BLV effect on the virus carrier organism. The examinations showed that the BLV infected heifers of breeding age have significantly decreased synthesis of serum protein at the expense of lowered production of albumins, α- and γ- globulins, concomitantly decreased bactericidal action of blood serum, declined production of the enzyme muramidase and phygocyte activity of macrophages. The BLV infected animals make up the group of higher risk.

The article studies species characteristics of inside surface in heart auricles and ventricles in hen, duck and goose with the use of morphological, morphometric and statistical methods of research. The materials to examine were heart auricles and ventricles and their corrosive casts. It is revealed that the myocardium of the left heart ventricle in hen, duck and goose is twofold thicker than the right one, which is connected with the performance of the left one in the big cycle of blood circulation. When studying corrosive casts from the cavities of auricles and ventricles, it was established that the casts obtained coincide with the shape of inside surface of heart auricles and ventricles. The inside surface of the examined avian auricles is smooth, but in the region of in-between auricles septum there is a between auricles crest from which 5–6 crest muscles run. The intervals between them decrease from ear base towards ear-tip. In the avian species studied the inside surface of the left ventricle has well expressed trabecules and intertrabecular spaces, but that of the right one is marked to have minor branching only along the rim of the ventricle. The data obtained expand, add and elaborate on the results about the structure of inside surface of heart auricles and ventricles in hen, duck and goose that are required for comparative morphology, biology and veterinary science.

The provision about the deformation of the bend in connecting rod bars caused by the effect of ICE amplitude-frequent working load emerged in the plane perpendicular to the plane of the swinging connecting rod served as a working hypothesis of research data. Herewith, the direction of the bending moment depends upon the presence and direction of working surfaces angle deviation (WSAD) in the connecting rod bearing. According to the data of different authors, the numerical values in the parameters of angle deviations of assembly surfaces in ICE basic parts after the first operation cycle are many folds higher than maximal permissible values. Assembly surfaces angle deviations (ASAD) in ICE basic parts are characterized by the following parameters: 1) deviation from the axis perpendicularity of cylinders and pockets of crankshaft main bearings( γ ₁ ); 2) deviation from axis parallelism of the crankpins and crankshaft main journals (  γ ₂ ); 3) conic crankpins (  γ ₃ ); 4) axis deviation of connecting rod ends from their being in the same plane (axes misalignment) when a connecting rod bar twisted ( γ ₄ ); 5) deviation from axis perpendicularity of bosses and piston openings (  γ ₅ ); 6) deviation from axes parallelism in upper and bottom connecting rod ends ( γ ₆ ). Analysis of the patterns on the effects of the ASAD parameters mentioned showed that when deviated from the axis perpendicularity of cylinder and bores for the crankshaft main bearings ( δ_∆ = γ₁ > 0)and the algebraic sum of the rest of the (  γ₂+ γ₃+ γ₄+ γ₅+ γ₆ = 0,0 ) equaling 0, the connecting rod bar bend direction does not change its direction when the piston moves from the upper dead point (UDP) to the bottom dead point (BDP) and from (BDP) to (UDP).With the error status of the kind in assembly surfaces, the lengthway contact of working surfaces.

When selecting machinery to perform technological operations in crop production, it is necessary to take many factors into account. With the aim in mind, the algorithm «AGROTECH» is developed to accompany machine agrotechnologies for the production of crop stuffs (by the example of spring wheat cultivation) on the level of argicultural enterprise. The algorithm «AGROTECH-1» provides for the following: inlet initial data (information about field – type of predecessor; area of the field; type of technological operation; agrotechnical dates; fuel and lubrication stock (FLS) costs; social demographic factor – demand for high qualified farm machine operators; class and payment rate for the operator (number of working hours per shift). Formation of the optimal machine and tractor fleet under individual production and farming conditions of farm commodity producers is carried out by selecting machinery on the basis of information analysis for three parameters; number of working days required for the job (in rational agrotechnical dates); minimal fuel and lubrication stock consumption; economic costs including depreciation, repairing costs, technical service expenses; FLS costs; job payment fund. Recommendations to set up the optimal machine and tractor fleet (MTF) for a separate operation are designed based on considering individual production and farming conditions of a farm commodity producer; machinery available on the farm, new generation machinery employed on the farm, and social demographic factor (high qualified personnel supply). The «Algorithm-1» adaptation to a certain farm is resolved by using the database that has the information about machinery, operations performed and about economic indexes, such as balance cost for machinery, depreciation percentage, and payment rate for farm workers and farm machine operators for the farm concerned. To set up and edit attributive data bases the algorithm «Editor» is designed. The algorithms have block structure, which makes it easier to develop software aimed at its updating and unifying as well as at introducing additional functions.

The new technique is proposed to estimate the process of grain heap separation in a horizontal cylinder sieve that allows to determine the separation coefficient and detect small admixtures completely in dynamics, admixtures are detected after each 5–10 simultaneously for each of the 12 sites in the sieve surface. The experimental data obtained from this technique allow to have the following questions answered. How much time does it take for the grain to be in the working part in order to obtain the completeness assigned for admixture detecting? In which part of the sieve surface can admixture be detected? What is the way the grain heap movement mode in the sieve influences the intensity of the separation process? The paper provides the experimental data on identifying the completeness of admixtures detection and the coefficient of the separation process intensity for the cylinder sieve following the rolling, shuttle-rolling, mixed and new grain portion movement mode, designed by the authors, in different cultivars and with different levels of its being filled with grain [1]. The experiments showed that the most intensive separation process runs when grain heap movement by portions mode in the cylinder sieve where the coefficient of sieve surface utilization constitutes over 0.75, but the cinematic mode of the sieve is within 1.5–2.

It is shown that spring return mechanisms of linear electric engines being a part of automation systems and robot-machine complexes widely used at enterprises of agricultural machine building and agricultural processing result in the emergence of artificial reactive resistance in the electric circuit of management, which is determined by the capacity of the springs both to store and return potential energy without its dissipation. It is marked that artificial or elastic inductance of electric engines with an elastic load when interacting with distributed or concentrated capacitive elements in the control circuit can lead to the creation of an electric oscillating circuit, which may result in free harmonic oscillations, which may have both negative and positive impacts on the overall system. It is shown that under the mixed oscillation systems, free harmonic oscillations may occur with different values of physical nature interacted – elasticity and electric capacity. It is found that unlike conventional oscillatory systems where there is mutual conversion of energy caused by the movement, – the kinetic and magnetic field energies into the energy determined by the position, – those of deformed spring and electric field. Regarding the mixed elastic capacitive system there is also mutual conversion of energy caused by the position – the potential energy of the spring into the one determined also by the position – into the energy of the electric field of the capacitor. It is shown that the comparison of the resulting mixed-elastic-capacitive system formula of resonance oscillations frequency with the formulas for their own natural frequencies of the mechanical pendulum and electrical oscillating circuit allows to establish the existing artificial mechanic and electric values: capacitive weight, inertia capacity, elastic inductance and inductive elasticity

Economic efficiency of agricultural production largely depends on nature and climate conditions of farming. Thereby, quite burning is the issue of providing sustainability in agrarian production that can be resolved with science-based forecasting and planning. The paper shows global changes in the sphere of food production in the world and our country, the trends of recent years; it determines the forecasting for perspective. Accounting for these predictions, the issues of increased land management efficiency are examined under the conditions of climate considerable effects on the agrarian production efficiency. Following the data of the analysis in time series of meteorological observations over the amount of rainfalls and mean daily temperatures, it was for the first time scientifically proved that there exist cyclic repeats in climatic conditions and coincidence of these cycles periods with grain crops productivity variations. The paper shows that land management efficiency depends on two composite components. The first component determines a long-term tendency, depends upon technique and technology development and has a positive trend. The second one is unsustainable, cyclic and generated by climatic changes. These two comparison-based composite components are the foundation of mathematical model construction to forecast grain crops productivity on the basis of the trend and regression equations. The paper shows the way the model can be applied to design a separate land management industry on the level of a certain region. The examinations resulted in recommendations devising to stabilize the development of crop production industries in agriculture resting on increased technological level of the industries and decreased effects of natural risks on the land management efficiency

Import substitution experience is examined in the Byelorussian Republic. The projects aimed at import substitution form the relevant fund and redistribute in the form of address support inside industries, encourage creating the new working places in economy. Major threats to food safety are determined on the basis of Russia’s foods import-export analysis throughout the resent years, characteristic features of the activity are revealed. Throughout the last decades, price policy of developed countries has been corresponding to the intention to make their markets safe by establishing for their own small agrarian producers the internal prices higher than the world prices. The role of non-governmental regulators in world economy is identified to have grown in recent years. The efficiency of agroindustrial potential utilization as a non-depleted resource is of state importance and calls for the tools to create maximal favorable conditions for entrepreneurship initiative in regions. Despite the wide list of events available for state support for big and small businesses, the effect of implementing the events is shown to be negligible, one of the causes being no comprehensive whole in state regulation of the sphere concerned. The author investigates the conditions for realization of small agribusinesses economic potential, the principle one of which is to do possible steady funding their current performance and implement investment projects as well as to fund the mechanisms facilitating the advance of small business. The factors of small agribusiness advance prospects, which have been revealed, justify the necessity of state policy to focus on the import substitution in the sphere of small forms of economy management.

AIC intellectual capital problematic zones are examined and the zones resolution is to regulate AIC economy management, the regulation being based on intellect moral values that is the major point of intellectual economics. To solve the problem of AIC economy intellectualization the matrix of AIC intellectual capital problems is provided for including the causes found out how the problems emerge, designated directions and ways to solve them. The Russia’s competitive ability indexes designated on the world level in the study of characteristics of AIC science and innovation tendencies served as the way to form the AIC intellectual capital development model through the system of innovative management and to determine the concept of intellectual activities. The principle point and structure of AIC intellectual capital based on knowledge-based economics are defined as intellectual knowledge, basis of intellectual capital which is the factor of production. Herewith, the basics of the theory of intellectual capital management in AIC are designated as the new quality of its management based on the structure of AIC intellectual capital management («knowledge» – «capital» and «capital» – «knowledge») and intellectual production activity that is the factor increasing the effectiveness of knowledge management, they being presented in the matrix of intellectual capital problems solution in AIC.

Russia’s current state in goat-breeding is considered, which survived in the –90ss and has started its development lately. Major restraining intensive growth factors are determined in Russia’s goat-breeding. Changes in the structure of sheep and goat populations are analyzed for farm categories. The prospects of goat-breeding development at big agricultural organizations are justified, which can provide industrial scales of goat-breeding output in our country. Based on the performance of Closed Joint Stock «Taezhnoye» of Maslyaninsky rayon the potential of this livestock direction development is determined in Novosibirsk region. Recommendations are given for goat-breeding development: state program should be revised and focus on assisting the producers that grow up the breeding herd and their major activity is goat-breeding. The goatbreeding should be developed on industrial scale, to do this, there is a need to increase the number of farms that are involved in professional goat-breeding and have over 1000 livestock available. In addition, it is important to draw attention to the promotion of goat milk stuffs, make them affordable and cheaper.

The interest to management as science started its active positioning in the early 20th century. Outstanding scientists and practitioners (entrepreneurs) of that time made a contribution they could to the development of the new scientific direction. The modern reality cannot exist without science-based approach to the system of management that covered all the spheres of activities. Any region, organization are open systems. Survival of agriculture as a system depends upon the outer world and upon the nature of the management mechanism. The elements of the mechanism, following the author, can be complex programs of perspective development of either these or those regions with precise indicators of their functioning; creation of functional management programs, information extension services; system of state regulation of innovation activity and social sphere; balanced system of economic relations between agriculture and other industries; aggregate market responsibility of regional enterprises.