The article presents long-term data on studying domestic plum varieties in an intensive garden. The study was conducted to determine the effect of leaf nutrition on the yield and quality of plums. Counts and observations were carried out in 2019–2021 on the site of the irrigated garden of the Caspian Agrarian Federal Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences. In this place, experience was laid in growing fruit trees. The garden was founded in 2014. The planting pattern is 5.0 m × 2.0 m. The research objects were the plum varieties Kubanskaya Spring, Renclad Altana, and Burbank; the study subjects were complex fertilizers Master, Aquarin, Ultramag Boron, and Ultramag Calcium. The studies were carried out on six typical trees of each variety in triplicate. The experimental data were processed using the variance analysis method according to B.A. Dospehov. The program and methodology for studying fruit, berry, and nut crops included accounts and observations. The highest yield was noted for the Burbank plum variety - 12.1 t/ha. Foliar feeding with complex fertilizer in the version using the drugs Aquarin, Ultramag Boron, and Ultramag Calcium provided the maximum average increase in yield. Among the studied varieties, the enormous weight and size of the fruit were found in the Kubanskaya Spring variety, which amounted to 55.2 g in the variant with the use of complex fertilizers Aquarin and Ultramag Bor together with Ultramag Calcium. Using foliar fertilizing with fertilizers containing macro- and microelements allows you to regulate fruiting quality

The conducted systematic monitoring of weed infestation in flax crops over periods of different anthropogenic loads revealed that during systematic soil cultivation with plows under conditions of extensive farming, 65 species of crop weeds were found in the structure of the weed community with an average number of 125 pcs/m2. The highest density during this period was characterized by Chenopodium album L., Spergula arvensis L., Camelina alyssum (Mill.) Thell. Of the perennials, Elytrigia repens (L.) Nevski and Sonchus arvensis L. were widespread. The level of anthropogenic load increased in the second half of the 30s. XX century led to a decrease in the weediness of flax crops to 86 pcs/m2. At the same time, the development of fallow lands and boundaries contributed to a slight expansion of the species composition of weeds due to the appearance of forest and meadow species on arable land. During this period, the most burdensome weed species were Spergula arvensis L. and Spergularia rubra (L.) J. Presl & C. Presl, Polygonum spp., Amaranthus retroflexus L., Equisetum arvense L., Cirsium setosum (Willd.) Besser , Linaria vulgaris Mill., Taraxacum officinale F.H. Wigg. In modern conditions, along with the soil cultivation factor, the long-term use of herbicides from the 2,4-D group and their derivatives on the crops of dominant grain crops has played a significant role. This contributed to a change in species composition. A total of 73 species were identified in flax crops. On average, there were up to 62 weeds per unit area. The species resistant to 2,4-D had the highest population density: Galium aparine L., Tripleurospermum inodorum (L.) Sch. Bip., Fallopia convolvulus (L.) Á. Löve, Galeopsis spp., from perennial segetal species - glyphosate-resistant Convolvulus arvensis L., Equisetum arvense L. Analysis of the results obtained using nonparametric statistics confirm that the technology of flax cultivation in the 20th century and the first quarter of the 21st century. Has a dominant influence on the species spectrum and the population density of individual weed species.

Seed dressing is a mandatory environmentally and cost-effective technique for cultivating spring barley in modern technologies. The work aimed to increase the efficiency of protection of spring barley by using tank mixtures of new insecticidal, fungicidal, and insectofungicidal protectants with micro fertilizers. The studies were conducted in 2021–2022. on crops of spring barley of the Grace variety in the forest-steppe conditions of Russia’s Central Black Earth Region (the soil is leached medium-loamy chernozem). It was established that the insectofungicide Armor Quadra (0.8 l/t) and a tank mixture of the Bombarda insecticide (1.0 l/t) with the Heraklion fungicide (1.0 l/t) when treating spring barley seeds were highly effective against a complex of pests: molding of seeds, root rot, striped flea beetles, grain flies. About pests, the effectiveness of the tank insectofungicidal mixture Bombarda (1.0 l/t) + Heraklion (1.0 l/t) corresponded to the level of individual use of the drug Bombarda (1.0 l/t). It was higher than the standard and the drug Armor Quadra (0 .8 l/t) against grain flea beetles by 6.8–8.5%, against grain flies – by 6.2–6.4%. Using the studied pesticides with microfertilizers Polishing (0.2 l/t) and MegamixPhosphorus (2.0 l/t) increased the field germination of spring barley seeds by an average of 5.0–6.0% relative to the control. The addition of microfertilizers increased the effectiveness of pesticides against root rot in the tillering phase by 4.5–7.0% and in the heading phase – by 4.8–6.8%. Results of evaluation of the insectofungicide Armor Quadra (0.8 l/t) and the insectofungicidal tank mixture Bombarda (1.0 l/t) + Heraklion (1.0 l/t) individually and in combination with Polishance microfertilizers (0.2 l/t ) and Megamix-Phosphorus (2.0 l/t) showed a positive effect of seed treatment on the formation of crop structure elements and the yield of spring barley. The addition of microfertilizers to the studied tank mixtures contributed to a significant increase in the yield of spring barley by an average of 3.0–4.7 c/ha, which made it possible in variants with seed treatment with the insectofungicide Armor Quadra (0.8 l/t) and the insectofungicidal mixture Bombarda (1 .0 l/t) + Heraklion (1.0 l/t) in combination with microfertilizers Polishing (0.2 l/t) and Megamix-Phosphorus (2.0 l/t) to obtain the most significant increases in grain yield compared to the control – 11.0–13.2 c/ha.

The results of a selection and genetic analysis of the inheritance of essential economically beneficial traits by first-generation soybean hybrids according to the degree of phenotypic dominance and heterosis are presented. The authors considered an assessment of 18 hybrid soybean combinations based on four quantitative characteristics that make up productivity: the number of beans, the number of seeds, the weight of seeds per plant, and the weight of 1000 seeds. The research was conducted in the selection and primary seed production laboratory of the Federal State Budgetary Institution Federal Scientific Center All-Russian Research Institute of Soybeans in 2021–2022. Soybean samples for hybridization were selected using an ecological-geographical principle. The authors used the highly productive soybean varieties bred by the Federal Scientific Center All-Russian Research Institute of Soybeans as maternal forms: Sentyabrinka, Kukhanna; as paternal forms, varieties and samples from the American, European, and Asian ecological-geographical zones. The authors carried out the Artificial intraspecific hybridization in 2021 according to the method of K.K. Baby and T.P. Ryazantseva. As a result of the research, the nature of inheritance of the leading economically beneficial traits in intraspecific F₁ soybean hybrids was determined. The degree of manifestation and magnitude of heterosis varied greatly depending on the combination of crossing and the trait being studied - from overdominance to depression. It has been established that the effect of heterosis and overdominance in all four indicators: the number of beans, the number of seeds, the weight of seeds per plant, and the weight of 1000 seeds (h_p = 1.14–23.96; G = 2.85–23.26%) – recorded in two promising combinations with the paternal form from the American ecological-geographical zone: ♀ Sentyabrinka x ♂ Saska (Canada) and ♀ Kuhanna x ♂ Saska (Canada). A high degree of phenotypic dominance (h_p = 1.65–18.54) and heterosis (G = 5.04–44.53%) in terms of the number of beans, the number of seeds, and the weight of seeds per plant were noted in combination with paternal forms from the American (♀ September x ♂ Kyoto (Canada)), European (♀ September x ♂ Cordoba (Austria)) and Asian (♀ September x ♂ Heihe 12 (PRC)) ecological-geographical zones. These hybrid combinations are of great interest in breeding research for high productivity in the Amur region.

The results of the creation of a promising selection number of bright rapeseed No. 595 with the name assigned to it - the Ladny variety (created in collaboration with KSC SB RAS - Federal State Budgetary Institution Federal Research Center “Krasnoyarsk Scientific Center of the Siberian Branch of the Academy of Sciences of the Russian Federation” (FRBI FRC KSC SB RAS) (Krasnoyarsk) and SFRCA RAS (Federal State Budgetary Institution of Science Siberian Federal Research Center for Agrobiotechnologies of the Academy of Russian Sciences (from now on referred to as SFRCA RAS)) (Novosibirsk)). Variety sample No. 595, obtained as a result of crossing variety sample No. 198, which is a derivative hybrid of winter rapbruck (rape x WWba) and rapeseed variety Librador, Jet hef, K-4554 Gulliver, Tilde, Nora, Emma, Kendl, Torkel, Dubravinsky early ripening, Hja 82470, Uzhursky, Mary and varieties Rhythm selection of the All-Russian Research Institute of Rapeseed (Lipetsk). Variety sample No. 595 is mid-season; the growing season lasts 102-105 days for complex applications - for green mass and oilseeds. In the competitive variety testing 2020-2023. In the forest-steppe conditions of the Chulym region, the yield of green mass of variety sample No. 595 increased to 45.4 t/ha, at the level of the standard, dry matter - 8.6-9.4 t/ha, forage mass - 7.4-9.5 t/ha. The green mass contains digestible protein - 18.2 g/kg, ingredients - 2.6 g/kg, phosphorus - 0.56 g/kg, digestible protein per 1 feed unit - 124.6 g, carotene - 154 mg/kg seed yield – 2.22 t/ha, which is 0.30 t/ha, or 13%, higher than the standard of the Nadezhny 92 variety, seed oil content – 41%, protein content – 28%. The new variety is recommended for cultivation in Eastern Siberia and Eastern Siberia. Ecological variety testing of variety sample No. 595 in 2021 at the Uyarsky variety plot of the Krasnoyarsk Territory showed that the growing season of this variety sample was at the standard level - 115 days, seed yield - 1.61 t/ha (64.3% higher than the standard of the variety Reliable 92 - 0.98 t/ha).

Sea buckthorn fruits (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) are valuable raw materials for the food and pharmaceutical industries due to the significant amount of oil in the fruit pulp and seeds, characterized by a unique combination of components. The primary substance of the oil is a complex of fatty acids, the composition of which has been well-studied for most genotypes. Still, studies have not been carried out in the group of sea buckthorn varieties of Altai selection. This study aimed to compare the fatty acid composition of the pulp of fruits and seeds of sea buckthorn selection by the Research Institute of Horticulture of Siberia, named after M.A. Lisavenko. The object of the study was the fruits of 13 sea buckthorn varieties belonging to the subspecies Hippophae rhamnoides ssp. mongolica, collected in 2014–2015. in the phase of full ripeness at the experimental sites of the Research Institute of Horticulture of Siberia, named after M.A. Lisavenko, is located in the forest-steppe of the Altai Territory. Determination of fatty acid composition was carried out in fruit pulp and sea buckthorn seeds using gas chromatography. Six fatty acids were identified in the fruit pulp of sea buckthorn, differing significantly in percentage. The predominant ones are palmitic (C16:0) and palmitoleic acids (C16:1), which account for more than 80% of all fatty acids. The most minor amounts are stearic (C18:0) and linolenic (C18:3) acids (2.32%). Sea buckthorn seed oil is dominated by unsaturated fatty acids (more than 90%): oleic (C18:1), linoleic (C18:2) and linolenic acid, and cis-vaccenic acid (C18:1-n7) are present. The largest share on average for varieties is linoleic acid (40.93%). The content of palmitoleic acid in the seed oil was 0.29%, palmitic acid – 6.95%, and stearic acid – 2.04% of the total acids.

The results of four years of research to determine the effectiveness of the integrated use of beet defecate, microbiological, and mineral fertilizers on the biological activity of the soil, yield, and oil content of spring rape are presented. The studies were carried out in the conditions of the Lipetsk region on leached chernozem in 2018–2021. The weather conditions of the studied years were very favorable for the development of rapeseed plants. The hydrothermal coefficient was 0.77 in 2018, 1.12 in 2019, 1.25 in 2020, and 1.78 in 2021. On average, the growing season for the options has lasted 111–118 days. A more extended period was noted in the variant with the introduction of a dose of defecate 12.6 t/ha, N₁₄₀P₇₀K₁₀₀, against the background of treatment with Extrasol (118 days). The maximum degree of decomposition of flax cloth was established in the variant with doses of defecate fertilizer of 12.6 t/ha and mineral fertilizers N₁₄₀P₇₀K₁₀₀ at a depth of application into the soil of up to 20 cm (more than 48%). The maximum average yield was observed against the background of 12.6 t/ha of defecate in the variant N₁₄₀P₇₀K₁₀₀ + BSKa-3 (3.53 t/ha), N₁₄₀P₇₀K₁₀₀ + Extrasol (3.40 t/ha) when applied in autumn and in the variants N₁₄₀P₇₀K₁₀₀ + BSKa- 3 (3.43 t/ha), N₁₄₀P₇₀K₁₀₀ + Extrasol (3.21 t/ha) when used in early spring. High oil content was noted in the variants by introducing a dose of defecate 12.6 t/ha and mineral fertilizers N₉₀P₄₀K₅₀ against the background of treatments with microbiological fertilizers. The maximum fat content was noted in the defecate variant: 12.6 t/ha + N₉₀P₄₀K₅₀ + Extrasol (42.5–42.7%).

The authors used the field and laboratory research methods in 2009–2012 and 2018– 2020. On the meadow-brown bleached soil of the Primorsky Territory, the effect of seed inoculation with various strains of nodule bacteria Synorhizobium meliloty on the yield and feed productivity of alfalfa was studied. According to current guidelines, experimental research, records, and observations were carried out. Strains of nodule bacteria Synorhizobium meliloty were provided by the Laboratory of Ecology of Symbiotic and Associative Rhizobacteria of the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “All-Russian Research Institute of Agricultural Microbiology”. In seven years of research, the positive role of the studied factor in increasing the yield, nutritional, and energy value of alfalfa was established. The total collection of green mass in three experiments in variants with inoculation of alfalfa seeds with rhizobia strains increased by 4.0–15.2%, and the collection of dry matter increased by 6.8–21.7%. The most significant increase in the yield of green mass and dry matter in experiments 1 and 2 was provided by the primary production strain 425a and experiment 3 – by production strain 415b. Regarding quality indicators, in experiments 1 and 2, production inoculant 425a had an advantage, and in experiment 3, the promising strain A1 and production strain 415b had an advantage. For adaptive intensification of forage production, the creation of stable agrophytocenoses with alfalfa with inoculation of seeds with virulent active strains of rhizobia (mainly the main production strains 425a and 415b) is shown.

In the conditions of Western Siberia, there is a problem of annual damage to grain crops by a complex of phytopathogens, which affects several qualities of seed material, such as germination, germination energy, etc. The conditions of grain formation and harvesting also influence these indicators. The accumulation of waste products of phytopathogens in grain leads to a deterioration in its organoleptic properties, a decrease in germination, and mycotoxins pose a danger to human health. Thus, processing seed material to protect it from diseases and pests is one of the most economical plant protection measures. At the same time, due to the many harmful properties of chemicals - such as environmental hazards and high processing costs - it becomes advisable to search for safer methods. In this work, natural adsorbents based on clays of various origins were used to study their effect on the phytosanitary state of grain seeds during post-harvest processing. The study examined such indicators of the phytosanitary state of seed material as the initial contamination of seeds before storage and the prevalence and indices of disease development in the tillering phase after treating seeds with various clays. The results showed that, in general, treatment with adsorbents has a beneficial effect on the phytosanitary condition of grain seeds. Treatment of spring wheat seeds with white clay led to significantly lower rates of prevalence and development of root rot. A similar result was obtained in an experiment with winter wheat when seeds were treated with red clay. On rye, a decrease in the development of root rot was observed when treated with white and yellow clays, and on barley – with white and red; in the experiment with yellow clay, no positive effect was observed on barley.

The results of studies on the influence of zeolites of different fractions on the yield and quality of the Siberian early-ripening tomato fruits are presented. The subject of the survey is crushed zeolite from the Transcarpathian zeolite plant. It was revealed that the fractional composition of zeolites affects the timing of phenological phases in tomatoes. When planted in open ground on June 10, the age of the seedlings was 55 days. The time from planting to the beginning of flowering, on average over two years, was the shortest in the variant using zeolite fraction 1 mm (24 days) and the longest in the control (33 days). The first tomato harvest was done using a 1 mm fraction of zeolite on the 46th planting day. On average, mass harvest in variants with the addition of different types of zeolites occurred faster by seven days compared to the control. Standardity in all variants, including the control, was at a high level and ranged from 97.9 in the control to 98.9% in the variant, with the addition of zeolite fraction 1.5 mm during the period of mass fruiting and from 84.9 in the control to 98.0 % in the variant with the addition of zeolite fraction 1.5 mm when calculating the total yield. It has been proven that using zeolite substrates of the 1–1.5 mm fraction as a component for growing tomato plants in open ground on leached chernozem of the Northern Trans-Urals is an effective method. When zeolites of fractions 1 and 1.5 mm were included in the soil, the yield increased compared to the control by 3.5 and 3.9 kg per 1 m2, respectively. The average fruit weight was within the general requirements for the standard for this variety. However, within the variants, it ranged from 84 g in control to 141.5 g in the variant, adding a zeolite fraction of 1.5 mm. The addition of zeolite, especially the more significant fraction, smoothed out the lack of moisture, especially in 2021. In the variants with the addition of zeolites, the fruits were more important than the control by more than 1.5 times. There is a clear trend towards an increase in the dry matter content, including the number of sugars, in fruits and a decrease in the nitrate content.

Soil mulching is a common agricultural technique that reduces moisture loss, suppresses weeds, regulates soil temperature, and generally increases yield. Traditionally, low-density polyethylene is used for these purposes due to its mechanical and barrier properties, resistance to all forms of degradation, simple processing of cover soil, and low cost. However, using polyethylene has several artificial and environmental risks associated with difficult biodegradability, the difficulty of its removal after the harvest cycle, and final disposal. Therefore, there is great interest in the use of biodegradable mulch films. Two groups of materials most suitable for producing biodegradable coatings are polysaccharides of natural origin and biopolymers of synthetic origin. Technological methods for producing biopolymers from raw natural material by extraction from biomass and chemical or biotechnological methods are analyzed. Data are presented on the potential of biodegradable mulch materials of natural origin, films based on polysaccharides, synthetic polymers, and those applied as a solution for possible replacement of traditional mulch materials. A comparison was made of the compositions of biodegradable coatings, their properties, and their effects when used. The prospects and ways of introducing biodegradable film materials into agricultural practice are summarized.

Lilac enjoys popularity in landscape design due to its high decorative value during flowering, unpretentiousness, and sustainability. However, depending on the climatic conditions of cultivation, lilacs may exhibit growth and phenological development peculiarities. This work aims to determine the patterns of seasonal development and growth rates of some varieties of common lilac in botanical gardens of three regions: the Republic of Bashkortostan, Perm Territory, and Saratov Region. The work was carried out over three years (2020–2022) based on lilac collections in the botanical gardens of Ufa, Perm, and Saratov. The objects of research are five varieties cultivated in all three botanical gardens (Beauty of Moscow, Salavat Yulaev, Mme Lemoine, Sensation, Katherine Havemeyer), as well as two varieties (Nafisa and Gulnazira) common to the botanical gardens of Ufa and Perm. It has been established that the initial phases of the growing season (bud dehiscence and the beginning of growth of vegetative shoots) in the seven studied varieties of common lilac in Perm, Ufa, and Saratov begin relatively uniformly in each region and generally depend on the average air temperature and the amount of precipitation. The importance of the genetic characteristics of the variety prevails starting from the flowering phase, which is confirmed by the close dates of the beginning of the flowering stages, the end of flowering, and the growth of vegetative shoots, regardless of the place of study. The annual growth of vegetative shoots probably has a more complex relationship, determined not only by specific weather conditions but also by a range of other factors, particularly soil conditions, microclimate, techniques used, and the level of agricultural technology for cultivating samples.

The creation of various varieties of spring soft wheat with a consistently high yield of highquality grain is the primary protection for ensuring food security where it is cultivated. Using interspecific and intraspecific solutions to solve these problems ensures their effectiveness. The purpose of the study was to adapt a variety of spring soft wheat to the conditions of Siberia and Kazakhstan based on the use of cytoplasms of other species. The object of the study is allocytoplasmic hybrids, allolinias, and varieties of spring soft wheat Melodiya and Voloshinka. Creation and evaluation of material at the Federal State Budgetary Institution “Omsk Agrarian Research Center” (formerly State Scientific Institution Siberian Research Institute of Agriculture) at all stages of the selection process, preliminary inclusions, and environmental tests in the supporting institution of the Sib Scientific Research Institute of Agriculture “Stepnoy,” as well as in LLP. Pushkin (Republic of Kazakhstan) by the methodology of the State Commission for Variety Testing of Agricultural Crops. Based on multiple selection and selective processing, the selected samples were identified based on economically valuable traits. Lines G 125/00 (sorting Melodiya) and G 140/00 (sorting Voloshinka), after receiving state variety testing, were included in the State registers of protected and approved for use selection achievements of Russia and Kazakhstan, as well as an introduction into agricultural production.

Scientific research was carried out on the experimental field of the North-Western Research Institute of Dairy and Grassland Farming, a separate division of the Voluntary Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, located in the village of Dityatevo, Vologda Region. The soil of the experimental plot is soddy-podzolic and moderately cultivated. Pasture is a cheap and accessible food source for herbivores; it solves the problems of survival in crisis ecological, economic, and atypical climatic conditions. Pasture farming has significant animal health benefits, allowing them to consume desirable grass species. In the Russian Federation, pastures occupy about 30% of the area of agricultural land, and in the Vologda region, they occupy 13.3% (145.3 thousand hectares). The article describes ten years of research on the creation of pastures based on traditional and rare perennial grasses. In the composition of pasture grass stands, we studied cereal grasses (meadow timothy grass Vologda local and Leningradskaya 204, meadow fescue Sverdlovskaya 37, festulolium Allegro, perennial ryegrass VIK-66, awnless brome SibNIISKhoz-189, meadow bluegrass Limagi and Dar) and legumes (eastern goat’s rue Krivich, Lyad crown horned Solnyshko, meadow clover Carmine and Dymkovsky, creeping clover Belogorsky and Lugovik). Cereal and legume-cereal grass stands on average for 2011–2015. provided yields from 1.3 to 5.3 t/ha, metabolic energy output – 12.6–52.5 GJ/ha, and crude protein content ranging from 10.3 to 15.6% per 1 kg of dry matter; in 2017–2021, these figures were 2.3–8.4 t/ha, 23.4–87.6 GJ/ha, 13.4–18.9%, respectively.

The research was conducted at the Federal Agrarian Research Center of the North- East named after N.V. Rudnitsky. The influence of the growth regulator Emistim R, the biological preparation Albit TPS (flowing paste), and the chemical disinfectant Bunker, VKS (aqueous suspension concentrate) on the sowing qualities of seeds during storage was studied. The material for the research was seeds and 14-day-old seedlings of the spring wheat variety Bazhenka, harvested from 2015 to 2019. In 2022, an analysis of the sowing qualities of seeds from the 2015–2019 harvest was carried out, as well as a phytopathological analysis of seedlings using the roll culture method. The initial germination of seeds in most study options and harvest years met the requirements of SS (State Standard) 52325–2005. The sample volume in each repetition is 25 grains, four repetitions, and the experiment duration is 14 days. After the end of the experiment, the length and weight of leaves and roots were measured. The spread (damage) and development of root rot were taken into account according to E. Goiman’s scale. It was shown that laboratory germination and the manifestation of root rot at the beginning of ontogenesis, in addition to the weather conditions of the harvest year, were influenced by the treatment of sown seeds and the spraying of crops with growth regulators. It has been established that in spring wheat Bazhenka, in variants using the growth regulator Albit with minor damage by root rot, the growth processes of roots and green mass are improved, and laboratory germination increases. The drug Emistim R probably does not have high fungicidal activity against pathogens of root infections of wheat since, in almost all variants of its use, the indicators of damage and disease development were higher than in control. Studies have established a close positive relationship (r = 0.82 at P ≥ 0.95) between these signs. A significant negative relationship (r = -0.93 at P ≥ 0.95) was found between seedling damage and laboratory seed germination. In the variants of treatment of seeds or crops with Albit, the length and weight of roots and leaves were predominantly higher than the control in seeds of all years of reproduction. The stimulating effect of the biological product Emistim R is more pronounced when treating seeds. A significant negative relationship was established between the infection of long seedlings and the weight of roots and seedlings (r = -0.88; -0.54; -0.76; -0.75 at P ≥ 0.95).

In the conditions of the steppe zone of the Orenburg region, the problem of increasing the resistance of grain production to abiotic and biotic stress factors is relevant. A dangerous biotic stress for wheat plants is leaf rust. With the constant process of morphogenesis in nature, it is necessary to search for sources and donors of resistance to pathogens in the specific conditions of the cultivation region for inclusion in the breeding process. To study the characteristics of the Puccinia recondite population, the genetic diversity of the world collection of spring soft wheat, and identify sources of resistance to leaf rust in the steppe conditions of the Orenburg Cis-Urals in 2017–2022. A field assessment of 140 samples was carried out. When considering the incidence of leaf rust, we used the methods of VIR (N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Growing) and VIZR (All-Russian Research Institute of Plant Protection). Studies of P. recondite samples have established the prevalence of pathogenic populations virulent to the genes Lr 1, 2a, 2b, 2c, 3a, 3bq, 3ka, 11, 14a, 14b, 15, 17, 18, 20 and Lr 1, 2a, 2b, 2c, 3a, 3bq, 3ka, 9, 11, 14a, 14b, 15, 17, 18, 20. These populations are avirulent to the genes Lr 9, 16, 19, 24, 44 and Lr 16, 19, 24, 44. High Juvenile resistance was demonstrated by the varieties Lavrusha, Novosibirskaya 91, Sibirskaya 16, OmGAU-90 (West Siberian eco group), Spurt and Tulaikovskaya 108 (forest-steppe Volga eco group), Azhurnaya (steppe southern eco group), Aktyube 3 (steppe eastern eco group), Hoffman (North American eco group) and Chelyaba 75 (forest-steppe eastern eco group). Under field conditions, samples k-64365 Taiga Niva were not affected by brown leaf rust; k-64867 Novosibirskaya 44; k-64886 Aktobe 27; k-64976 CDC Merlin; k-64998 Favorite; k-65006 Hoffman; k-65007 GNS-28; k-65128 Altaiskaya 110; k-65139 Saratovskaya 74; k-65145 Volkhitka; k-65147 Skorospelka 98; k-65253 Omskaya 41; k-65269 Pin Chum 11; k-65449 Mertsana and k-65450 Yaritsa. The selected samples are recommended for breeding improvement of spring soft wheat in the conditions of the Orenburg region.

The study aimed to evaluate the biological and economic effectiveness of fungicidal soybean disinfectants of different mechanisms of action in a tank mixture with inoculants in the forest-steppe of the Novosibirsk region. The studies were carried out in 2019–2022. Generally accepted methods are used in the conditions of the northern forest steppe of the Novosibirsk region. For the studies, we used the systemic protectant Baritone (prothioconazole 37.5 g/l + fluoxastrobin 37.5 g/l) at a rate of 1.5 l/t and contact Maxim (fludioxonil 25 g/l) at a rate of 2.0 l/t t, the inoculant was HiCoat Super Soybean (HCSS) 1.42 l/t together with the nutrient medium HiCoat Super Extender (HCSE) 1.42 l/t. On average, over four years, the development of soybean root rots, according to the predecessor winter wheat, exceeded the harmfulness threshold in the control variant by 1.3–2.7 times over the years; the maximum indicator was noted in the dry year of 2022 when soybean plants experienced double stress - hydrothermal and biotic. F. oxysporum, F. poae, F. equseti, F. sporotrichioides, and F. solani were isolated from the underground soybean organs during the growing season. The pathogenic complex of soybean root rots also included fungi of the genera Pythium and Rhizoctonia. The biological effectiveness of seed treatment against root rot was 40.2–76.4% and was higher when soybean seedlings developed in moist conditions. The economic efficiency of seed treatment was 103–347% over the years, with a maximum in wet years. The best option for pre-sowing seed treatment is the contact disinfectant Maxim, 2.0 l/t in a tank mixture with the inoculant HiCoat Super Soya (HCSS), 1.42 l/t together with the nutrient medium HiCoat Super Extender (HCSE), 1.42 l/ T. Both fungicidal disinfectants showed a bactericidal effect on symbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacteria, reducing the number of nodules to 43.2% and their weight to 38.1%. Treatment and vaccination of soybean seeds positively affected the quality of the resulting crop. The protein content was the highest in the Baritone variant together with the inoculants HCSS + HCSE and amounted to 41.4% versus 36.8% in the control. Dressing agents had a significant positive effect on the quality of soybean seeds of the new crop; the best aftereffect was found in the Maxim variant, 2.0 l/t + inoculants, where the prevalence of all phytopathogens was below the ETH (economic threshold of harmfulness), and germination was maximum.

The variety is the primary means of production, providing consistently high yields with increased grain quality. Breeding work on oats in Siberia began in 1913. During 100 years of breeding work, more than 20 varieties of spring oats were created at the Omsk ARC. The research aims to characterize the new promising spring oat variety Irtysh 33. Research data from 2016–2022 are presented. Optimal conditions for moisture availability were observed in 2016 and 2019. (GTC 0.99 and 1.10); excessive moisture was noted in 2018; dry conditions – in 2017, 2020–2022. (GTC 0.58–0.77). A new promising variety of spring oats, Irtysh 33, is of the mid-season group and is resistant to lodging, drought, dust, and smut. Panicle semi-compressed, light yellow; panicle grain size 64 grains; grain of long-film type, white; spine is average; The awns are weakly expressed, slightly curved, and yellow. On average, during the research period, the new promising spring oat variety Irtysh 33 was characterized as high-yielding (+0.2 t/ha to the standard) with increased grain size (+3.7 g). Due to a significant increase in the standard for the leading indicators of grain quality (+0.7% in mass fraction of protein), (+0.9% in starch), (+0.5% in crude fat), there is an increased collection of nutrients from units of area about the standard: +0.05 t/ha of protein, +0.1 t/ha of starch and +0.02 t/ha of crude fat. The Irtysh 33 variety combines stability and plasticity in terms of protein mass fraction (bi>1 and <1) and refers to intensive (bi>1) in terms of protein and starch content of the grain. Stable (<1) protein content, crude fat, grain filminess, and yield. The variety has been included in the State Register of the Russian Federation since 2022 and is approved for use in the West Siberian (10) and East Siberian (11) regions.

The experimental part of the work was carried out based on the seed production department of the Omsk Agrarian Research Center in 2020-2022. Breeding lines of spring soft wheat were represented by three ripeness groups: mid-early – G 6/17, G 8/17, G 10/17; mid-season - G 7/17, G 15/17, G 16/17 and mid-late - G 11/17, G 14/17, G 17/17. The varieties Pamyati Azieva, Duet, and Element 22 were standard. A complex system of indices was used to evaluate the samples for drought resistance, based on comparison of yields under stressful and favorable conditions. The most common indices were calculated: average productivity (MP), endurance index (TOL), yield stability index (YSI), drought resistance index (DI), and stress intolerance index (STI). The total rank score for all indices was calculated. Based on estimating a set of drought resistance indices, five samples with the highest number of points were identified: G 6/17, G 7/17, G10/17, G 11/17, and G 15/17, which can be used in further selection. The calculation of correlation coefficients revealed a high positive relationship between average productivity and the stress tolerance index (0.99), as well as the yield stability index (0.73), between the endurance index and the drought resistance index (0.89). A close positive relationship was also established between the stability and stress tolerance indexes (0.76), indicating a relatively high reliability.

The results of assessing the concentration of cadmium in the liver, kidneys, lungs, and spleen of Landrace pigs are presented. The studies were conducted on clinically healthy 6-month-old animals raised in a sizeable pig-breeding enterprise in the Altai Territory. The conditions for keeping the animals were standard; standard feeding was used for meat fattening. The level of cadmium in parenchymal organs was determined using inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectral analysis. Data processing was performed using Microsoft Office Excel, the R programming language, and the RStudio data analysis environment version 2022.07.2+576 (RStudio, PBC). The need to use nonparametric criteria has been established. Considering the average values and medians, the authors formed an increasingly ranked series of cadmium content in organs: lungs < spleen < liver < kidneys, in numerical terms, focusing on the first statistical indicator: 1: 1.1: 2.1: 36.0.

he copper content in the liver of the progeny of four Holstein breed bulls was investigated. Research was done in Kemerovo, Russia. The identical dietary and lodging conditions were established for all groups of offspring after their birth. The copper concentration was studied using atomic emission spectrometry on the SOLAR M6 series instrument in the Analytical Center of the Institute of Geology and Mineralogy, named by V.S. Sobolev. The determination of the heavy metal content in water, soil, and fodder within the dairy cattle zoning was conducted, with the result that the level did not exceed MAC. The normal distribution was determined by using the Shapiro-Wilk test. The Dunn’s test, coupled with Holm’s correction, was employed to evaluate the offspring of the four fathers. The influence of Holstein-bred bulls on copper deposition in offsprings was established. The amount of it in some bulls sons was higher than in others by 2.7 times (49.4 mg/kg). According to the Cu concentration in the liver, bulls were arranged in the following order: 2.7 : 2.0 : 1.3 : 1.0. The concentration of Cu in the liver of the offspring of the fathers was characterized by distinct phenotypic variations. The strength of influence (rw) of the father’s genotype on the variation of copper levels in the liver of sons was 25%. Two groups of fathers were identified with different levels of copper in the livers of their offspring: one group had levels of copper from 49.4 to 38.5 mg/kg, and the other group had levels from 27.6 to 18.2 mg/kg. The variability of copper content in the livers of the offspring of different fathers turned out to be low and ranged from 6.4% to 10%.

Identification of candidate genes and genetic markers associated with meat productivity in sheep using genome-wide association searches (genome-wide association studies, GWAS) is a promising area of genetic research. We conducted a genome-wide search for associations of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with thicker fat in the lumbar region in Russian beef Merino sheep. The object of the study was rams aged 12 months (n = 50). Fat density is achieved at the 1st–2nd lumbar spine level using a portable ultrasound scanner. Animal genotyping was done using Ovine Infinium HD BeadChip 600K DNA biochips. As a result of GWAS, 14 SNPs belonging to the trait “fat thickness” were identified in sheep of the Russian meat Merino breed. Most SNPs were located in the intergenic space. One SNP is localized in the exon, and two - in the intron of genes. Three substitutions are near the small nuclear RNA gene and one near the non-coding RNA gene. Based on the analyzed SNPs in the genome, five new candidate genes were proposed that are associated with growth in the lumbar region in Russian beef Merino sheep: KCNH8, MTERF4, RYBP, NDST3, ENSOARG00000004203. The study’s goal should be to study the structure of these genes for the mechanism of their action on animal phenotypes, and the identified SNPs can be used as new molecular markers in breeding work.

The results of testing experimental samples of brucellosis antigens as an operator when performing a stimulated activated cell test with nitroblue tetrazolium in vitro are presented. Experimental samples of brucellosis preparations from Brucella strains with different antigenic structures were used in laboratory conditions. Experimental studies were carried out on guinea pigs immunized with Brucella’s R-strain. The activity and specificity of additional samples and the optimal concentration providing the stimulating potential of neutrophils in the blood of immunized guinea pigs were determined. At the first stages of the study, it was noted that Brucella disintegrates. Corpuscular antigens in concentrations were 50 and 100 μg/ml, and this did not cause nonspecific activation of neutrophil granulocytes in the NBT test with the blood of intact animals. Subsequently, we studied the immune response dynamics of immunized guinea pigs in the NBT test using experimental samples of brucellosis antigens in optimal concentrations. The biomaterial selection for research was carried out before immunization and on the 7th, 14th, 21st, 28th, 42nd, 55th, 69th, and 125th day after vaccination. The stimulation coefficient was calculated as the ratio of the induced level of cellular activity to the spontaneous one. It was found that the maximum level of specific activation of neutrophils in the NBT test is characteristic exclusively on the 28th day, corresponding to the peak synthesis of agglutinating and complement-fixing antibodies in serological reactions. The data obtained from the experiment allow us to conclude that it is possible to use experimental samples of brucellosis antigens as a stimulant when performing an NBT test with the Foundation for determining the immune control of cellular restructuring of the body during the formation of the response.

An analysis of studies on the problems of global climate change about honey bees (Apis mellifera L.) and the sustainability of beekeeping is presented. The research information base is represented by scientific electronic libraries and search engines: eLIBRARY.RU, Science Direct, Scopus, and ResearchGate portal. The analysis showed that global climate change hurts honey bees, having both a direct impact on bee colonies (reduced egg production of queens and larval survival, usury) and a limited impact on food supply (shift in the flowering season of plants, decreased nectar productivity) and pests. This may entail a decrease in the gross harvest of honey and other beekeeping products and an increase in beekeepers’ costs for caring for bees, including drugs to protect against pests and diseases and for the purchase or production of additional feed. In this regard, it is essential to continue further research in the field of global climate change for honey bees, which will allow us to develop more effective methods for their management and protection, as well as measures to reduce the adverse effects of climate change on the life cycle of bees. It has been established that beekeeping is not integrated into the development agenda. One of the main reasons for this is the lack of awareness among state and government authorities about the role of honey bees in rural farms and ecosystems. Additionally, there is a relatively low level of government support for beekeeping. Many countries do not have legislation regulating beekeeping and do not provide sufficient financial support for the development of the industry.

The study continues the theme of studying the role of environment and behavior in shaping the productivity of caged fur-bearing animals. In the “human-animal” relationship, the advantage of animals with moderately aggressive behavior in the cost of food per unit of body growth during growth and development is shown in pairs and individually. Pair rearing of growing young mink is more expensive than individual rearing since it, as previously shown, is entirely stressful. Under these conditions, the restructuring of behavior in the process of selection of the American mink for a defensive reaction to humans is accompanied by a sharp increase in variability in many traits, in this case, food consumption per unit of body weight gain during the period of growth and development, which, it would seem, are not directly related to behavior. The work was carried out at the Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences experimental fur farm. The genotypes used in the study were Standard Dark Brown (+/+) mink. The main evaluation criterion is the feed cost per unit of body weight gain. The study found that when kept in mixed-sex pairs, the lowest feed costs were found in males with moderately aggressive behavior (34.80 ± 1.20 g). In the most tame type, the maximum feed consumption per unit of body weight gain is noted (95.60 ± 8.90 g). Food consumption is lower in the most aggressive type than in the tamest behavior (32.30±0.03 and 35.40±1.00 g). Individual keeping of young American mink ensures more efficient use of food in both males and females of aggressive and tame behavior.

Data are presented on the effect of hay from mixtures of sweet sorghum plants Galiya 85% with Siberian fodder beans 15%, preserved with the probiotic preparation Microbiovit Enisey at a dilution of 1: 100, according to consistent indicators of fattening bulls. Research based on the branch of the Federal State Budgetary Institution “Omsk Agrarian Scientific Center” RPF (Research and Production Farm) “Omsk” on 6-9-month-old fattening bulls in the amount of 18 heads, divided into three groups of 6 animals: a control and two experimental ones, in the diet of which silage with a preservative, was prepared. And without it. The diet is designed by age and live weight. Feed intake daily. In the comparative period, appetite and feed intake were the same in all groups – 80%. During the transition period, in the 1st and 2nd experimental groups, appetite and palatability remained at the same level, and in the control group, palatability increased by 10%. During the main period in the control group, feed intake remained at the same level - 90%, and in the 1st and 2nd experimental groups, it increased to 100%. As a result of complex studies of feces and biochemistry of blood serum, the following conclusions were made on the leading indicators: indicators of enzymatic (AST, ALT), mineral (Ca, P, Mg), and carbohydrate (glucose) metabolism, substances within normal limits for all groups, alkaline level. Phosphatase was higher than usual, which indicated increased growth of animals. The indicators of protein metabolism, total protein, and creatinine at the end of the main experiment were higher than in the equalization and transition periods; the urea content was at the average normal limits in all main groups. The organoleptic scatological examination and the biochemistry of feces show that the digestive processes of all the animals provided are not impaired. It was noted that bull calves that ate strength preserved by Microbiovit Yenisei had no indigestible fiber due to better digestion.

The research was carried out at the laboratory of reproduction and adaptation of farm animals of the Siberian Federal Scientific Center for Agrobiotechnologies of the Russian Academy of Sciences (SFSC RAS). Photodynamic therapy makes it possible to locally activate the photosensitizer concentrated in the tumor or tube with visible light, which leads to a photochemical reaction that destroys tumor cells and tumors in the development of the disease. A design has been developed, and a laboratory sample of a device for irradiating photosensitizers and conducting photodynamic therapy has been created. The device can be used for experimental work in biology, veterinary medicine, and medicine to study the effectiveness of photosensitizers and the therapeutic effects of photosensitizers in diseases, including those caused by opportunistic microflora. The device can be used to carry out work on photodynamic therapy both in laboratory and field conditions by irradiating biological objects that have previously been exposed to photosensitizers due to the device’s ability to generate optical monochrome radiation with wavelengths of 660, 610, 430, and 395 nm with the ability to adjust the power of optical radiation and its modulation with a frequency in the range from 0 to 25000 Hz, which allows the use of a wide range of photosensitizers. The technical solution of the device for irradiating photosensitizers and conducting photodynamic therapy is protected by copyright - utility model patent No. 191736 U1 Russian Federation, IPC A61N 5/06.

Domestic and foreign scientists are constantly working to find natural antioxidants that prove to consumers that they are safer and healthier. Various plant materials, including various processed fruits and vegetables, are valuable sources of antioxidants. These compounds include phenolic compounds, which can measure antioxidant activity against radicals and inhibit the oxidation of lipids and proteins. Leather ensures that the product’s by-products also provide a source of polyphenolic compounds that may provide an alternative to synthetic antioxidants. We have researched obtaining extracts from powdered pomegranate casings and assessing their antioxidant activity. A 40% aqueous ethanol and distilled water solution are used as extractants. Identification methods by UV spectroscopy have shown that the predominant components in certain extracts are phenols and phenolic acids, including gallic acid, as well as flavonoids and tannins, such as catechins and punicalagin. The obtained extracts showed scavenger activity towards DPPH• and ABTS•+ radicals. At the same time, the antioxidant activity of the alcoholic extract against DPPH• was 3.6% higher than that of the aqueous extract. The activity of pomegranate peel powder extract towards the ABTS•+ radical cation did not depend on the nature of the solvent. The experimental data obtained allow us to consider extracts of powdered pomegranate casings as alternatives to synthetic antioxidants in the technology of meat and meat products.

A comprehensive analysis of the state of domestic cattle breeds for dairy production over five years was carried out, which allows us to determine changes in the composition of the livestock and predict the state of the breeds in conditions of preserving their gene pool. Information and analytical studies obtained in yearbooks on breeding work in dairy cattle breeding on farms of the Russian Federation (2017–2021). Such indicators as the number of dairy cattle, the number of farms, and the regional breeding of breeds were considered. According to data for 2021, the genetic resources of dairy cattle breeding are 52.0%, represented by domestic breeds. The black-and-white breed has the largest share (42.35%), and the Tagil breed has the most minor (0.005%). Using the coefficient of livestock variability, trends towards increasing, decreasing, or maintaining stability in the number of cows are shown. His imprisonment indicators ranged from -125.02 (decrease in population) to +0.11 (increase in population). Calculation of effective development and the level of inbreeding makes it possible to predict the state of the gene pool for the current period. Thus, mountain cattle of Dagestan, red Gorbatovskaya, Suksunskaya, and Sychevskaya breeds with the participation of bulls (1–3 heads) have low indicators of effective development efficiency - 4.0–11.9 heads, the expected average inbreeding coefficient for generating a result is from 5.62 to 16.67%. The development efficiency indicator for all other breeds was at a sufficient level - 76.0–975.6 heads, and the inbreeding coefficient per generation was from 0.07 to 0.88%.

Beekeeping in the northwest of Russia and the economy of Siberia are based on sources of honey collection, which require a comprehensive study and assessment of their reasonable use. The work aims to study the bioecological properties of melliferous plants of the Apiaceae group and to determine the resource potential of forest and non-forest lands for honey collection. Research in the lands of the forest fund of the Leningrad region and the Vasyugan swamps, using a proven methodology for recording findings adopted in research work in beekeeping. In the herbaceous phytochromes of forest lands, melliferous plants are fully included in the composition of umbelliferous plants that live in the Leningrad region’s birch-sorrel forest in Siberia’s open spaces. The studied species belong to mesophytes and nectar bearers. Flowering is observed during the spring and summer periods of honey collection. The ecological and biological characteristics of the Apiaceae family honey-bearing species were established. In the Vasyugan region, the average number of bumblebees, true flies, folded wasps, and other insects per day of observation was 711.1, almost 2.5 times more than honey bees. The competition of numerous insect species indicates the area’s ecological safety. As a result of considering the actual collection of pollen and pollen analysis, 11.3 pieces were identified per 1 m2 per hour. Apis mellifera L. visiting flowers of Siberian angelica in the south of Western Siberia. In June, bees collected 104.9 g of beige-colored pollen (15.67%) from the common gooseberry (Aegopodium podagraria L.) in the Vasyugan region. The productivity of representatives of the Umbelliferae family depends on the place of growth. Significant honey productivity on the edges of birch forests in the Leningrad region is distinguished by angelica (100 kg/ha) and common gooseberry (57 kg/ha); in clearings in Western Siberia, angelica Siberian (40 kg/ha).

Violating technological processes, boundaries with feeding, zoohygienic standards, and veterinary and sanitary rules for keeping animals are possible reasons for developing diseases in cattle. The study aimed to study the effect of the zoogenic drug “Hoof Cleaning Concentrate” as a filler in foot baths while maintaining the impact of the distal limbs of cattle. When studying the national zoohygienic drug “Concentrate for Cleaning the Hoof” on clinical signs of damage to the distal limbs of the experimental livestock, it was found that the use of a 2.5% solution of the zoohygienic drug “Concentrate for Cleaning the Hoof” reduces the cost of veterinary activities by 18.4%, in the sense of using a 1.5% solution. To prevent the distal extremities, a 2.5% solution of the zoohygienic preparation “Concentrate for cleaning the hoof” should be used for ten days, which reduces the incidence and severity of the disease of the extremities in animals. The economic damage from a decrease in productivity when exposed to symptoms characteristic of pododermatitis was 50.0% less in the 2nd experimental group than in the 1st and 66.6% less compared to the control group.