The authors estimate resistance of selection soya material to diseases in the conditions of the Ob forest-steppe. The research was carried out on experimental fields of Siberian Research Institute of Feeds on natural infection background. The conditions of humidity and heat varied in the years of experiment; this provided different phytosanitary situation in soya sowings. The authors observed moderate level of root fusariosis rot, Septoria blight progress in 2013, bacterial blight in 2013 and downy mildew in 2016. The researchers investigated and observed soya sowings, progress of causative agents, degree of damage according to general methodologies. The varieties SNK-154 and R-8 appeared to be the most resistant to fusariosis root rot at sporadic stage. The variety SNK-131 was less resistant as it was damaged in 2014 and 2015 1.4 and 1.9 times more than standard variety SibNIIK-315. The research revealed that all investigated varieties were 9.5-14.3 % more resistant to bacterial blight in comparison with SibNIIK-315. Omskaya 4 and varieties SNK-140, SNK-183, SNK-14 and SNK-282 were more resistant to downy mildew than standard variant SibNIIK-315. In the control group SNK-292 was the least resistant variety; in the experimental group these were SNK-147, R-7, R-8 and SNK-131 where disease progress index was 48 %.

The paper shows the results on investigation of plant resources of burnt spots as food supply for the hoof. The most part of animals’ habitual area is concentrated in the area of State forest fund. The land of forest fund is one of the main categories of animals’ habitual area. These lands are divided on covered with forestlands and not covered ones. Burn spots are one of the main habitual areas of the hoof in central Yakutia whereas food supply of concrete habitual areas is not investigated sufficiently. The paper is aimed at studying plant resources of burnt spots and specifically food supply of the hoof. The article shows the data on plant resources of burnt spots of different age and at different stages of succession. The data was collected on the burnt spots in 2001-2003 in Megino-Kangalassand Tattinsk forest zones of Yakutia. The research area belongs to Leno-Amginsk interstream area of central Yakutia. The researchers applied 3-5 times mowing methods in the period of maximal phytomass accumulation (the second half of July and beginning of August). The authors observed the highest phytomass at the beginning stage of succession with willow herb synusia (7.23-9.53 t/ hа). At that stage, 80-90% of investigated roes from burnt spots had fireweed in their stomach. When crops and wild grasses are available for animals, phytomass is reduced to 2.33 t/ha. The author observed phytomass increasing (7.48-7.91 t/ha). The data about fire zones and phytomass of burnt spots surface contribute to calculating plant reserves of burnt spots surface in Leno-Amginsk interstream areas. These data can be used in calculating food supply and specific weight of plants consumed by the hoof.

The authors speak about including low fertility soils of western Siberia into tilled field and application of various types of melioration at that time. Anthropogenic landscapes were formed and supported by humans. On changing political and economic conditions in the country, the most part of meliorated landscapes (meliolandscapes) was excluded from farming. The research focuses on hydromorphic crusted solonetz meliorated by gypsum in 1986 where grain rotation was cultivated to 1994. This meliolandscape became a layland in 1994. On one-time applying gypsum, the soils were affected by natural sources of salinization, which are mineralized wastewaters. The level of underground waters varies from 0.5 to 2-3 m and more in different years of humidity; it also varies in spring and autumn. The authors observed maximum amplitude of changes at the plot, which was 3 m in the period from 1987 to 2016 and 120 sm during the vegetation period. Such variation of mineralized (1.5 - 2 g/l) underground waters resulted in shaping hydromorphic-salinized soil in forest-steppe and steppe zones of western Siberia. Resistance of meliolandscapes is considered in relation to environmental processes, which contributed to the factor that restricts soil fertility of the landscape until melioration. The results of research show effective application of one-time meliorated solonetz soils. Melilot yield when gypsum was applied (45 t/ha) was higher than that in the control group in 2.5 times. Chemical melioration increased crops productivity after gypsum applying during 30 years.

The most important factors that influence resistance of winter wheat are considered to be agroclimate conditions at the cultivated area. The authors highlight the relevance of investigating winter wheat aspects in different climate regions due to the fact that relation between its overwintering and climate conditions. The experiment on winter hardness of winter wheat was carried out in the experimental fields of Udmurtian Research Institute of Agriculture on sod-podzolic soils with average humus concentration and high concentration of phosphorus and potassium. The response of winter wheat to abiotic conditions in the years of research (1996-2016) was irregular overwintering and grain yield. The crop yield of Pamyati Fedina and Moskovskaya 39 spring wheat varieties varied from 7.8 t/ha in 1997 to 1.26 t/ha in 2016. In some years, low overwintering caused resowing. The authors observed positive correlation relationship between crop yield and overwintering (r = 0.80). Winter wheat overwintering was affected by the number of accumulated sugars in the crops before wintering (r = 0.42). The authors observed deterioration and crop failure in winter and early spring, which was caused by negative abiotic factors. The authors see the main negative factor as higher temperature at the depth of tillering zone in winter (- 4.0 to 0.0° С). This leads to rotting of crops and suffering from mold and white mold. In the conditions of Udmurtian Republic, the authors recommend to till winter wheat from mold and white mold.

Productivity of feeding crops is mainly restricted by plant feeders that shouldn’t be controlled by pesticides in economic and ecological aspects. Entomophages are one of the most efficient natural biotic factors that can regulate the number of insect pests. Feeding crops take close place to each other in crop rotation and agrocenoses and it is relevant to find out similarities in these entomocomplexes. The paper aims at environmental assessment of insects of annual feeding oat crops, winter rye crops and Sudan grass according to plant feeders prevalence and concentration and their entomophages in the Ob forest-steppe. The research was carried out in 2008-2010 and 2014-2016 by means of general methods. The authors used Jaccard’s coefficient of community for assessment of biocenotic similarity of complexes. Species diversity was estimated by means of the Margalef and Minnich indexes; and prevalence structure was estimated by Berger-Parker index. The research has shown that the biggest number of insects in feeding crops was observed in winter rye (2 times higher in comparison with oats and 8 times higher in comparison with Sudan grass). Jaccard’s coefficient of community in respect of species diversity of insects between winter rye and oats was 0.9, oats and winter rye with entomocomplex of Sudan grass - 0.7. Leafhoppers (d = 0.65) and thunder flies (d = 0.9) dominated on the rye; aphids and thunder flies dominated on the oats; dusky stink bugs (d = 0.39) dominated on Sudan grass. The Margalef and Minnich indexes for rye were 2,4 and 2.5; 2.8 and 2.9 for Sudan grass according to biodiversity of insects. The content of entomophages on winter rye and oats was almost similar; similarity index of Sudan grass with rye and oats on effective entomophages was 0.28 with prevalence (d = 0.47) of hymenopteran parasitoids.

The authors highlight significant and relevant problem, which is seen as fulfilling people needs in environmentally safe plant, and animal production, which is rich in minerals. The paper points out farmlands closely located to industrial centres that pollute environment and require specific controlling measures. The authors explore and assess macro and microelements composition of soils and plant production from farmlands of agricultural enterprises located in the suburbs of Barnaul. The researchers investigated soils and hay of perennial grasses from by-farm fields of Barnaulskoe enterprise and Sibirskie bychki enterprise. Mixed samples of soil were received from 0-20 sm plough-layer whereas grass hay was applied from rolls. Agrochemical properties of soils were investigated by means of general and standard methods. The researchers explored total concentration of macro and microelements in the soil and ash by means of atomic emission spectrometry and grating spectrograph PGS-2, arc argon two-spool plasmotron and multi-channel analyzer of emission spectrums. The researchers measured concentration of macro- and microelements in the soil in acetate-ammoniacal buffer solution with рН 4,8 by means of atomic emission spectrometry. Accuracy control was carried out by means of applying corresponding standards. The research results has shown lack of agrogenic or technogenic pollution caused by heavy metals and feeding grasses on by-farm fields of livestock enterprises located in the suburbs of the industrial city. Otherwise, the researchers revealed the problem of feeding crops in these farmlands. This problem deals with lack of concentration of elements P, Ca, Co, Cu, Mg, Mn, Na and Zn in feeding crops. Low concentration of elements in plant production shows insufficient mineral concentration and agrochemical problem, which is depletion of minerals necessary for plants.

The authors explored concentration of cadmium, lead, cuprum, nickel and zinc in the soil and awnless brome at livestock farms of Kemerovo region and Altai Territory. The authors explored total concentration of microelements by means of atomic emission spectrometry with arc argon two-spool plasmotron. The researchers found out that concentration of heavy metals in the soil doesn’t exceed the hygiene standards and rates and it is typical for the south of western Siberia. Awnless brome consumes intensively cadmium, cuprum and zinc whereas concentration of all elements in Bromopsis inermis doesn’t exceed the hygiene standards as well. The paper outlines that zinc concentration in awnless brome is rather lower than biochemical standard. This speaks about possible insufficient mineral concentration in the feeds.

The paper speaks about the research on microelements (Cuprum, lead, Cadmium, Zync and Strontium) and macroelements (Potassium, Calcium, Phosphorus, Ferrum and Magnesium) in the whole blood of Holstein cattle bred at Vaganovo enterprise in Kemerovo region. The researchers used ICP-AES method. They found out that concentration of the elements (except potassium) in the bulls’ blood doesn’t exceed physiological limits. Potassium concentrations moderately high whereas it doesn’t influence health and fertility of the cattle. The authors observed disbalance in concentration of potassium, ferrum, magnesium, lead and zinc the cows’ blood. When concentration of zinc, potassium and magnesium is high, the researchers observed deficit of cuprum and ferrum. The authors see possible reason of the disbalance as excess of zinc in the feeds of cows. They reveal different correlations between the elements K-Mg (r = 0.541), Ca-Cu (r = 0.539), Ca-Zn (r = 0.47), Fe-P (r = 0.679), Fe-Cu (r = -0.508), Fe-Zn (r = 0.44), Zn-P (r = 0.571), Zn-Mg (r = 0.424) and Zn-P (r = -0,.577), Zn-Mg (r = 0.622), Zn-Cu (r = -0.709), P-Cu (r = 0.61) in the blood of bulls and cows respectively.

The paper is devoted to the important problem of meat-eaters’ ureagenital mycoplasmosis. The authors show the research results on comparative analysis of the diagnostic methods of dogs’ urogenital mycoplasmosis. The researchers conducted experiment on the dogs of different breeds and age, which are kept in the kennels of Novosibirsk and which belong to the owners. The researchers used microbiological inoculation on selective growing mediums from urogenital tract in order to reveal mycoplasmas and ureaplasmas. The authors used PCR method with detection in agarose gel. Liquid selective mediums are not resistant to mycoplasmas of urogenital tract and differentiate them on the main biochemical parameters (arginine, glucose and BUN). The authors prove the efficiency of diagnostics that includes application of cultural method combined with PCR method. The research defines the frequency of mycoplasmas and ureaplasmas performance among the dogs of different breeds. Comparative analysis of mycoplasmas identification has shown that PCR method reveals mycoplamas more often than bacteriological method on liquid selective mediums. The paper shows electrophoretograms of mycoplasmas DNA amplification in urogenital scraping of dogs. The authors speak about necessary monitoring of mycoplasmas and ureaplasmasin dog populations. They recommend to conduct diagnostics as a main antiepizootic measure for efficient therapy and preventing disease.

The authors investigated mesonephros and metanephros of 12 cattle embryos aged 35-60 days. The embryos and they parts were fixed in 4% solution of formaldehyde, Maximov’s fluid, Carnoy’s fluid and acetone and thickened by means of paraffin embedding. The slices were colored with haematoxylin and eosin and by means of Mallori method. The authors used hystochemical methods for defining concentration of protein and activity of acid phosphatase in the organs. The results of morphometry were statistically processed in morphological laboratory of the Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnologies of Omsk State Agrarian University. The authors found out that metanephros appears in caudal part of emryo aged 35 days. It doesn’t have any borders and consists of wolffian duct branches of metanephrogenic tissue. The researchers revealed four generations of nephrons in metanephric kidney (embryo aged 60 days) that differ in the structure and features of functional activity. Metanephrons of the 1st generation have features of high functional activity and beginning involution. Those nephrons, which were kept and functioned, have similar structure. This speaks about functional transmission from mesonephros to metanephros in the cattle embryogenesis. The great number of epithelial cells of parietal layer of metanephric bodies of the 1st generation and proximal tubules have features of apocrine secretion that speaks about their active excretory function of metanephros.

The paper explores peculiarities of Pekins’ heart vesels. The authors investigate Pekins’ heart venous drainage and conduct their experiment on 10 Pekins’ males and 10 females aged 75 days. The object of research was heart corrosion specimens. The authors used the complex of morphological research methods as Vorobiev’s method of general and thin section, filling of vessels with synthetic SK-65 latex and corrosion specimens preparation. The authors found out that Pekins’ heart vessels are divided into intramiocardial and subepicardial that form well-developed venous pool. Intramiocardial vessels provide intraorgan venous drainage from deep layers of miocardium and flow into subepicardial vessels (middle, left and right) that are under the epicardium. Intraorgan venous bed of Pekins has many anastomoses in all miocardium layers. The authors observed two ways of venous drainage in the Pekins heart. The first way include middle, right and left circuit and left heart vessels that flow into left vena cava cranialis. The second way include right heart vessels that flow into the right atrium. The vessels that flow into the left vena cava cranialis are the main ways of drainage from heart and foster blood distribution in myocardium and its drainage from heart.

The soils of Russia lack such microelements as selenium, which is high toxic, and necessary for farm animals in small doses. The lack of selenium leads to pathologies or negative parameters of growth at early stages of postnatal onthogenesis. The authors highlight the significance of applying selenium in feeds in order to compensate the lack of selenium. General similarities of the effect produced by different forms of selenium on the growth of young cattle are being explored and investigated. The authors show the research results on the effect produced by selenium specimens on the parameters of colts’ and calves’ growth. The authors found out that different selenium specimens affect positively the cattle growth whereas absolute body weight gain varied from 7.6 % (baby calves when being fed with selenopirane during a month) to 27.5 % (weaning colts when being fed with selplex during 6 months).

The authors highlight the relevance and importance of assessment of animal exterior and body composition when breeding dairy cattle. This assessment is provided by means of linear method in the countries where dairy cattle breeding is developed in a good way. The assessment is obligatory for estimating servicing bulls and their productive qualities and generations. In Russia, linear assessment of animals’ exterior is widely used in western regions, especially in Moscow region, and has been applied for 25 years. The researchers don’t focus on linear assessment of the cattle in Krasnoyarsk Territory. The paper aims at implementation of linear assessment of red-and-white cows of different lines and its influence on cows’ dairy productivity. The researchers found out that the cattle of With Back Ideal 1013415 line surpasses the cattle of Reflection Sovereign 198998 line according to dairy productivity and indexes of linear assessment. The authors refer the cows of both groups to “Good+” type of body construction according to the complex assessment of B system. The authors observed high and average parameters (r = 0.55-0.73) of correlation indexes between milk yield and point assessment according to the criteria of exterior as width and height of rear udder attachment, udder furrow and body strength. General view, udder and dairy parameters evidence influence the general assessment. The authors observed close relation between general assessment of the udder and point assessment of rear udder attachment (r = 0.73-0.74), and among the group parameters of B system (r = 0.57-0.88). The research results speak about close and average relation between the milk yield and point rating of some exterior parameters and it should be taken into account when breeding of red-and-white cattle.

The article characterizes 12 red steppe servicing bulls from Barnaulskoe enterprise on the quality of native sperm and conception rate. The authors found out significant differences (7.56 ml) between the bulls in total daily ejaculate. This coefficient varied from 27.5 to 42%; it was 40.6 in the group. Spermatozoids activity varied from 6,96 (Ekran 230 bull) to 7.68 (Izumrud 5460 bull) whereas sometimes it reaches 9.6-15.7%; it was 14.2% in the group. The authors observed differences in the concentration of spermatozoids; they reach 0.49 bill/ml or 65.3 %. Variation coefficient of spermatozoids was 18.0-34.5 %; it was 29.4 % in the group. The conception rate of the first service by the sperm of 5 red-steppe bulls was 35.4-54.5%; total conception rate was 63.9-91.1%. The researchers observed the worst results when used sperm of Ball 1242 bull, the best results was observed when they used Vatikan 3959 bull, Iris 667 and Liker 5750. Assessment of red-steppe servicing bulls on the quality of sperm and reproductive parameters speaks about significant differences among them. This could be explained by hereditary features of the red-steppe bulls taking into account that they were kept in the same conditions.

The paper shows the data on concentration of replaceable and nonreplaceable amino acids and their variability in the blood serum of Black-and-White bulls aged 18 months. The author defined concentration of amino acids on automatic analyzer ААА881 made in Czech Republic where she observed population parameters of amino acids of Black-and-White cattle in environmental conditions of western Siberia. The author observed high phenotypical variability of amino acids in the blood serum of bulls. The highest variability is typical for methionine and glycine amino acids. The paper reveals average and high correlation coefficients among amino acids and between concentration of some amino acids and lead, magnesium, zinc and ferrum in muscle tissue, kidneys and lungs. The author shows high correlation between methionine concentration in the blood serum and concentration of lead in the muscle tissue of Black-and-White bulls. These amino acid parameters can be used as a parameter of interior in veterinary medicine and ecology.

The authors found out average population levels of protein metabolism of the bulls aged 18 months. These parameters can be used as guide values for Hereford cattle in western Siberia. The paper speaks about positive correlations between biochemical parameters of protein metabolism and concentration of lead in muscles, spermaries, spleen, heart and lungs. The authors analyzed the organs and muscle tissue on lead concentration by means of atomic absorption spectrometry on spectrophotometer Shimadzu AA-7000. The researchers defined biochemical parameters on biochemical analyzer Photometer 5010. The authors assessed biochemical parameters of protein metabolism where concentration of crude protein, albumens, BUN, uric acid and creatinine was within physiological standards. The researchers observed positive correlations between the concentration of lead in lungs, muscles, spleen, spermaries and heart with parameters of protein metabolism.

The author sees rapid technological progress, horticulture capacities, intensification and concentration of the industry, agricultural cooperation and integration as the main condition of stone horticulture development. Productivity enhancement is the component of social and economic development of Tadzhikistan in the conditions of transition to market economy. The author highlights the necessity to update the directions of research related to the theory of efficiency. The researcher outlines the necessity of fundamental approach exploring to research. Horticulture is one of the key branches of agribusiness in Tadzhikistan as it can fulfill the national market with food products, increase export capacities of the country and employ people. The author speaks about significance of stone fruits for national economy. The apricots are in demand as they have specific taste properties.

The paper analyzes efficiency of dairy processing industry of the regional dairy and food complex. The author highlights the tendency to reducing whole-milk production, butter and butter paste in Novosibirsk region whereas the demand for milk and export of milk are growing. The author observed increase in cost of raw materials for dairy production, reducing of production expenses and increase in profit. The cost structure of food products included into consumer goods basket influence the level of dairy products consumption. The paper considers the influence of regional population dynamics, milk and dairy products production, level of import and export and other factors on consumption per head. The article analyzes changes in buying capacity of people average incomes (in conversion to the food products). This factor should be taken into account in planning and producing dairy products. The analysis of production structure and marketing of retail dairy products shows their efficiency in dairy and productsubcomplex of the region.

Technological progress in agriculture makes strong changes in the technologies. New knowledge and practical application of research progress result in efficiency increasing that is costs reduction of social labour and other elements pro a unit of production, productivity growth of land and cattle, food sovereignty, creation of food reserves for export, favourable conditions for labour and living, increase in lifetime and employable age. The paper reveals the data characterizing environmental, organizational, economic, and social aspects of agricultural raw materials and food products. The research results show that social responsibility in agribusiness and agriculture is one of the important direction of market economy that can be reflected in the quality of food products. The author points out that food products quality was worse in many cases in comparison with that in planned economy. Thus, the author makes conclusion about necessity of a state program, which regulates food quality and takes measures on income convergence through higher salaries of employees from business sector and state-financed sphere. The author also speaks about necessary measures on stimulating small and middle agricultural producers in rural areas and their labour activity.

Grain production is one of the cores of Russian agribusiness whereas grain-processing production significantly influences food safety in the country. Large areas of fertile land and favourable climate conditions foster Russia’s fulfilment of national needs in forage grain and become a big exporter of grain to the world market. The paper analyzes the scale of export of grain and grain and bean crops in Russia and Novosibirsk region. In 2016, Russia became the biggest exporter of grain in the world whereas grain export takes small part in the national export. Grain and grain and bean crops take 0.9 % in national export and mostly consists of wheat (more than 70 %). Increase in global population and demand for grain and grain and bean crops and their processed production enhances Russia to increase export in future. Novosibirsk region is one of the key regions that fulfils regional needs in grain and has high capacities in increasing grain export. The region has advantageous geographical location that can make it the big exporter of grain production beyond the Urals. The author sees foundation of export cooperatives as one of the most efficient instruments of export increasing.