This study of the adaptability of common bean in the forest-steppe region of Priobye analyzes the differences in the duration of the growing season and productivity between early and late sowing. The object of the research is the medium-early variety “Solnyshko.” The work was conducted at the experimental field “Sad Michurintsev” of Novosibirsk State Agrarian University from 2022 to 2024. During the growing season, the dates of phenophase onset, meteorological factors (average daily temperature, sum of active temperatures, and precipitation), and productivity elements (mass and number of pods per plant, mass of one pod, yield of green beans) were recorded. IBM SPSS Statistics software was used for variance analysis and correlation analysis. The conducted research showed that the medium-early variety “Solnyshko” is suitable for sowing in the third decade of May in the forest-steppe region of Priobye. If the sowing period is delayed, the growing season is shortened, with the coefficient of variation for the duration of the “sowing to technical maturity” period being 52.6%. The average daily temperature negatively correlates (r = -0.685) with the duration of the phenological stage in the early growing season of beans, while it positively correlates (r = 0.584–0.682) with the duration of the phenological stage in the late period. The sum of active temperatures and precipitation has a positive correlation with the duration of phenological periods. The mass and number of pods per plant, as well as the yield of green beans, decreased in the third sowing period by 35.9–38.4, 28.0–34.8, and 36.0–37.8 % (p < 0.001 between sowing dates, p < 0.05 between years). The stage “bud formation – flowering” may be a key period influencing the yield of beans.

The aim of the study was to assess the efficiency of fungicides Prozaro, EC; Acanto plus, SС; Pictor Active, SС against a complex of pathogens on winter rapeseed. The studies were carried out at the field stationary of the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “Federal Research Center of Biological Plant Protection” (FSBSI FSCBP) in the central agroclimatic zone of Krasnodar Krai. The experiments were carried out on the winter rapeseed variety Onyx bred by the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “Federal Research Center “V.S. Pustovoit All-Russian Research Institute of Oil Crops” (FSBSI FRC ARRIOC). Significant damage to the studied crop is known to be caused by biotrophic pathogens Phoma lingam, (Tode) Desm, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) and Alternaria fungi throughout most of the growing season. Assessment of the biological efficacy of fungicides Prozaro, EC; Acanto plus, SC; Pictor Active, SС revealed that significant effect on these diseases was achieved by using preparations containing prothioconazole 125 g/l + tebuconazole 125 g/l at an application rate of 0.8 l/ha, picoxystrobin 200 g/l + cyproconazole 80 g/l at an application rate of 0.6 l/ha and pyraclostrobin 250 g/l + boscalid 150 g/l at an application rate of 0.8 l/ha with a single treatment of rapeseed crops in the stem formation - beginning of crop budding phase (BBCH 50). Their biological efficacy against phomosis ranged from 74.1 to 81.5%, alternaria from 82.7 to 85.2%, sclerotinia from 81.5 to 87.7%. The use of fungicides containing these active ingredients contributed to the winter rapeseed yield of 22.5 to 22.8 c/ha, which was higher than the control (without treatment) by 0.8–1.3 c/ha, while the preserved yield was 3.7–6.0%.

We present results of the comprehensive assessment of potato varieties of different ripeness groups in conditions of grey forest semi-loamy soils in forest steppe of Novosibirsk Priobye. We researched six early, eleven medium-early and eleven medium maturing potato varieties. In general, all the varieties represented the latest domestic breeding achievements, as well as the best examples of Siberian breeding scientists. We mainly picked foreign varieties as standards, which are in high demand in Russian farm units: Rosara (early) and Gala (medium-early). For medium maturity varieties – Siberian variety Tuleevskii was chosen as the standard. The aim of our research was to perform a comprehensive assessment of different maturity varieties of global gene pool in the conditions of the forest steppe of Novosibirsk Priobye. The research was held in 2023–2024 in conditions of drained forest steppe soil and climate area. In order to fulfill the research objectives, we explored special aspects of growth and development of different potato varieties, dynamics of tuber forming and taste test and marketability assessment of tuber qualities. The trials were established in crop rotation – one-year fallow – potato – cabbage – carrot. Research was held on the trial fields in CJSC Agricultural Enterprise “Michurinets” in Novosibirsk region of Novosibirsk district. Research was held in accordance with VNII of potato farming. The trial fields soil is grey forest with the organic matter content – 3.7 %, and slightly acidic reaction with pH – 6.2. Nitrate nitrogen concentration – 12 mg/kg, labile phosphorus – 14.3 mg/100 g and exchangeable potassium – 10.6 mg/100 g of soil. Weather conditions in the years when the trials were held were markedly different in temperature and sum of precipitation. In 2023 the sum of precipitation during vegetation period equaled to 273 mm and in 2024 it reached 309 mm. It was established that according to the yield of early varieties during lifting at the end of August, variety Gulliver stood out with 25.8 t/ha, which is 18 % higher than the standard variety Rosara and variety Terra – 23.6 t/ha. During lifting at the end of September maximum addition to the standard was 19 % for variety Terra with the yield of the standard – 24.3 t/ha. In terms of marketability of tubers, the most distinguished varieties were the variety Una – 87 % and Terra – 84 %, standard (Rosara) showed 70 %. Medium maturing varieties were accounted at the end of August, the standard Gala yield equals to 24.6 t/ha and varieties Sadon – 25.0 t/ha, Variag – 26.9 and Samba 26.8 t/ha.

The objectives of the studies presented in this paper are to provide a comprehensive assessment of the economic and biological indicators of Nanjing cherry hybrids in the Oryol Region. This crop is of great theoretical and practical interest in the region. In this regard, there is a need for an economic and biological assessment of hybrid forms, which will fully realize the adaptability of Nanjing cherry in the Oryol region. The location of the study is the Russian Research Institute of Fruit Crop Breeding (VNIISPK), located in the Oryol Municipal District of the Oryol Region. Productivity indicators (yield and degree of flowering and fruiting), resistance to fungal diseases (coccomycosis and moniliosis), as well as the general condition of the plants were assessed. The presented studies were carried out on the basis of the laboratory of breeding, variety testing and varietal agricultural technology of stone fruit crops of this institute in the period from 2019 to 2024. The objects of the study were seven hybrids of Nanjing cherry obtained by free pollination with forms of Nanjing cherry from the genetic collection of the laboratory. In terms of yield, the best results were obtained for hybrid forms 88601 and 88599, whose yield was 6.9 kg/tree and 8.1 kg/tree, respectively. According to the complex of studied economic and biological indicators, among the studied hybrids of Nanjing cherry, hybrids 88599, 88596 and 88600 showed the best results. A correlation analysis of the economic and biological indicators of hybrid forms of Nanjing cherry and various weather and climate indicators of the period under consideration was also performed. It was found that the economic and biological indicators of Nanjing cherry were most strongly affected by such indicators as the average temperature of February, March, April, as well as the average temperature of April – July.

Garden strawberries are widespread in all regions of our country, the culture itself is very interesting among agricultural specialists, as well as among amateur gardeners. It is one of the most profitable garden crops. Garden strawberries have many advantages, their berries contain a lot of ascorbic acid, biologically active substances, have the necessary medicinal, as well as high dietary properties. Despite its widespread distribution and a huge selection of varieties, a good harvest can not always be obtained. The main reason for this is poor scientific and technical support, natural and climatic factors and the lack of high-quality planting material. This paper presents the results of studies on the production of planting material for large-fruited garden strawberries, plant survival, formation of vegetative mass and overwintering. As a result of the study, it was found that the soil and climatic conditions of the forest-steppe of Western Siberia in terms of the arrival of photosynthetically active radiation and the sum of active temperatures are sufficient for the growth and formation of the yield of garden strawberries. At the same time, the survival rate of strawberry plants strongly depends on the conditions of the year, when the difference is more than 20%. In addition, it has been proven that the most optimal technology is the production of seedlings with a closed root system in 0.5 l pots. The Orlets and Solnechnaya varieties can be recommended for production in Western Siberia according to the parameters studied.

It was shownthaton the third day aftersowingon the nutrientmedium of die-cutsfromirradiated low-energyaccelerated electronswith a maximum energy of 1MeVin the doserangefrom100 Gy to10000 Gy mycelialmat of fungi of variousstrains of the genera Fusarium and Alternaria, the greatestsuppression of the growth of mostfungi was observed whenir radiated at dose sfrom 5000 Gy and above. On average, the smallest growth of fungi was observed at a dose of 5000 Gy. In this case, the average colony diameter of the studied strains was 9.7 mm, which is 74.6% less than in the control samples. It is shown that electron beam treatment ledto a decrease in the diametricalgrowthrate for7of the 12 studiedstrains of phytopathogens. Irradiation of mycelium of fungi of variousstrainsat doses of 100, 1000 and 10000 Gy suppressed theirgrowthby 4-10, 13-39 and 62-63 %, respectively, dependingon the type of fungusanditsstrain. Fordosedependences of colonydiameters of strainsG-4andK-91Fusarium spp., TAN-1 Alternaria spp., T-1 and T-2 B.sorokiniana and SHK-25 and SHP-28 R.solani, explicit approximating sigmoidal dependen ceswereobtained, indicatingdifferentradiosensitivity of strains of phytopathogen icfungidue to theirmorphologicalfeatures. The most radiosensitive strain was SHK-25 (R. solani), the inhibition of colony growth of which was observed when irradiated at a dose of 1000 Gy. The least radiosensitive strains were TAN-1 (Alternaria spp.), S-1 (S. nodorum) and K-7.2, K-21 and K-37 – Fusarium spp., whose growth inhibition was not observed even when irradiated at doses of 10000 Gy.

The aim of the work is to evaluate the morphometric parameters of berries and brushes, berry weight in red currant varieties bred by VNIISPK in the forest-steppe zone of Krasnoyarsk Krai in order to identify the best genotypes according to the studied traits. The objects of research are the red currant varieties Asya, Dana and Bayana, created in VNIISPK; control – Krasnaya Andreychenko - the most common variety in the region. The studies were carried out in 2022–2023 at the Garden Center of the Agrarian University, LLC. The weather conditions of the growing seasons were characterized as warm and dry. The air temperature exceeded the climatic norm in 2022 by 0.3 °C, in 2023 – by 1.4 °C; The amount of precipitation in 2022 was 75.7 % of the norm, in 2023 – 70.8 %. The precipitation deficit was balanced by compensatory irrigation of crop plantings. It was found that in all the studied varieties, the length of the fruit cluster is within one gradation of the assessment scale (6–8 cm) – a short cluster. At the same time, in the Dana and Bayana varieties, the cluster size significantly exceeds the parameters of the control variety by 9.8 and 21.3 %, respectively. In the Asya and Bayana varieties, the number of berries in a cluster is 1.5 times greater compared to the control variety. The variability of the “number of berries in a cluster” trait varies from medium to significant values. In terms of average berry weight, the studied varieties did not have statistically significant differences. A strong direct correlation was noted between the number of berries in a cluster and its length (r = 0.89) and between the berry diameter and its height (r = 0.874).

Sweet pepper is one of the promising vegetable crops, which is valued for its high content of various vitamins, organic acids, antioxidants, beneficial macro and microelements, and other substances necessary to maintain the normal functioning of the body. This crop has a wide distribution area, it is cultivated in almost all countries of the globe and has a high yield potential (more than 100 t/ha), but despite this, its average yield in Siberia is only 29 t/ha. The main reason for the low yield of sweet pepper is the lack of a scientifically based fertilizer application system in the region, and modern intensive varieties with a complex of economically valuable characteristics, environmental plasticity, resistance to harmful organisms and stress factors combined with high yield and product quality. This article describes the experience of applying various norms of liquid (CAS – 32) mineral nitrogen fertilizers on sweet pepper of Siberian breeding in protected soil conditions. The use of nitrogen fertilizers, especially their increased norms, has a significant impact on the periods of passage of the main phases of plant development and the growing season as a whole, which in some cases increased to 20 days. In addition, nitrogen fertilizers affect the formation of all elements of the crop structure and the productivity of the crop as a whole. Thus, according to the processed background, the yield of sweet pepper increased by more than 100% relative to the control. At the same time, the average doses of nitrogen fertilizers (N₈₀) were the most optimal. Under the influence of nitrogen fertilizers, there is an increase in dry matter by an average of 20%, total sugar by 57, and vitamin C by 39%.

Currently, wild bergamot or bee balm (Monarda fistulosa L.) is a popular essential oil plant containing a wide range of biologically active substances. The purpose of the research was to study the content of biologically active substances in M. fistulosa grown in the foothill zone of Crimea, depending on the vegetation phase. Qualitative and quantitative characteristics of freshly harvested and air-dried raw materials, in terms of the content of different types of biologically active sub-stances, including essential oil, were determined according to generally accepted methods. As a result of the conducted research, the features of the accumulation of essential oil, extractives, common phenolic compounds, phenolic carboxylic acids, flavonoids and tannins during the vegetation of M. fistulosa have been established. We found that the main oil-synthesizing organs of bee balm are leaves and inflorescences. The largest amount of essential oil (3.12 % in terms of absolutely dry weight) was obtained from inflorescences; in the fractional composition of raw materials, they amounted to 60.3 %. The maximum amount of essential oil with thymol as the dominant component (66.22%) was accumulated in plants during the phase of mass flowering (2.97 %). This phase is optimal for harvesting M. fistulosa plants as essential oilseed raw material. It was experimentally determined that the greatest amount of extractive substances and phenolic compounds was obtained during the phases of regrowth and bud formation–early flowering. This is an optimal time for harvesting plants as medicinal raw materials. It should be mentioned that air-dried raw materials of M. fistulosa can be stored for no more than two years. Phytochemical features of M. fistulosa plants grown in the foothill zone of Crimea were studied for the first time in order to use them as essential oil and medicinal raw materials.

Pumpkin is grown in various regions of our country, where favorable soil and climatic conditions exist for this. The fruits of this plant have valuable nutrients and many medicinal properties. However, in recent decades, in the Krasnodar Territory, where much attention is paid to this crop, for well-known reasons, intensive contamination of agricultural plants with heavy metals has been observed.. The aim of the work is to determine the accumulation of cadmium in a pumpkin plant, depending on the variety and its concentration in atmospheric precipitation. Experimental data were obtained on meadow-chernozem soil of rice crop rotation in 2020 – 2022. In the experiments, the cultivation technology generally accepted for the Krasnodar territory was used. The research involved varieties of pumpkin plants – Marbled, Prikubanskaya and Chamomile. The aerial application of the CdSO4 solution was performed during the pumpkin flowering phase at concentrations of 1 MPC and 5 MPC. In the course of research, it was revealed that among the studied pumpkin varieties, the Chamomile variety differs in the greatest accumulation of cadmium. The content of the studied chemical element in the stem of the Chamomile variety turned out to be higher than in the stem of the Marbled and Prikubanskaya varieties when applying a solution in 1 MPC by 12 and 22%, respectively, when applied in 5 MPC, by 20 and 36%, respectively. The leaves of the Chamomile variety contain more cadmium than in the Marbled and Prikubanskaya varieties, when applying a solution of 1 MPC, respectively, by 21 and 28 %, when applied in 5 MPC, respectively by 24 and 30 %. In the experiment, the greatest accumulation of cadmium in pumpkin fruits was found for the Chamomile variety – when applying a solution of 1 MPC, the excess over the Marbled and Prikubanskaya varieties was 1,4 and 1,8 times, respectively, when applied in 5 MPC, 1,4 and 2,2 times, respectively. The cadmium content in pumpkin seeds of the studied varieties was insignificant, almost at the control level.

Technological methods were studied to accelerate the ripening of fruits of the late Pink Lady variety to reduce the damage to fruits by a physiological disease - “tanning” during storage in the conditions of JSC Yubileinoye, Krasnodar Territory. Records and observations were carried out according to generally accepted methods. It was found that the content of anthocyanins in the skin of fruits was increased by 2.0 times when using a defoliator, and 3.2 times when using a defoliator and reflective film together, while the anthocyanin content was 50.3 mg% (in the control - 15. mg%). A 3.8 times higher efficiency in enhancing color, even on fruits located in the lower part of the crown (anthocyanin content 58.4 mg%), was observed with additional pre-harvest treatment 7 days before the intended harvest with the growth regulator HEFC, the active ingredient of which is 2-chloroethylphosphonic acid. Considering that the drug HEFC causes accelerated ripening of fruits, before storing fruits, post-harvest treatment with an ethylene inhibitor, a drug based on 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP), which is widely used nowadays, was carried out, allowing after 5 months of storage in refrigerated conditions of normal atmosphere (OA), it is better to maintain the hardness of the pulp (8.6 kg/cm²), reduce the efficiency of ethylene release (0.52 ppm), the consumption of nutrients during fruit storage, as well asthe level of accumulation of farnesene (4.59 µm/cm²) and slow down the rate of its transition to oxidized forms (0.32 µm/cm²), which is associated with the development of “tanning” on the skin of the fruit.

The research work was carried out with the aim of determining the effectiveness of modern biological and chemical soybean protection products against pathogens of root rot and leaf and stem diseases. The work was carried out in 2016-2020, 2022-2023 in grain-soybean crop rotation in soybean crops of the Ivan Karamanov, Batya and Khabarovsky Yubilyar varieties against a natural infectious background. The main diseases in crops during the research years were root rot, septoria, and downy mildew. Pre-sowing treatment of soybean seeds can reduce the development of root rot by 1.4-2.3 times. The most effective technique in the fight against seed and soil infection in soybean crops is the treatment of seeds before sowing with chemical seed treatment agents TMTD with an application rate of 6.0 l/t, Maxim with an application rate of 2.0 l/t, Oplot and Sinclair with an application rate of 0.6 l/t, Deposit with an application rate of 1.2 l/t and Standak Top with an application rate of 1.5 l/t. The most effective protection systems against septoria were those using the complex application of Deposit with an application rate of 1.2 l/t seed treatment with Misteria with an application rate of 1.2 l/ha fungicide treatment of plants, TMTD with an application rate of 3.0 l/t with Zircon with an application rate of 40 ml/t for seed treatment with subsequent Zircon with an application rate of 10 ml/ha treatment of plants during flowering, TMTD with an application rate of 6.0 l/t (seed treatment) with Optimo with an application rate of 0.5 l/ha (plant treatment), as well as Zircon with an application rate of 40 ml/t and 10 ml/ha, Extrasol with an application rate of 2.0 l/t and 2.0 l/ha and Nutri-Fight with an application rate of 0.75 l/ha bioagents. The use of Standak Top with an application rate of 1.5 l/t as a seed treatment agent and Pictor Active with an application rate of 0.6 l/ha for treating vegetative plants reduced the incidence of downy mildew in plants by 4,6 times; TMTD for seed treatment and Optimo for spraying plants – by 3,6 times; pre-sowing TMTD with an application rate of 6.0 l/t seed treatment with subsequent Zircon with an application rate of 10 ml/ha treatment of plants during flowering – by 2,9 times, and pre-sowing seed treatment with subsequent Zircon with an application rate of 40 ml/t and 10 ml/ha treatment of plants – by 2,6 times.

The study presents the results of field trials of the experimental biopreparation Fitop 26.82, which contains various strains of spore-forming bacteria: Bacillus amyloliquefaciens VKPM B-10642, Bacillus licheniformis VKPM B-10562, Bacillus subtilis VKPM B-10641, nematophagous fungi Arthrobotrys oligospora VKPM F-1141 and Duddingtonia flagrans VKM F-2574, as well as the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana. This is compared with Fitop 8.67, which includes the spore biomass of bacteria Bacillus subtilis strain VKPM B-10641, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain VKPM B-10642 and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain VKPM V-10643, against fungal diseases of black currant such as anthracnose (Gloeosporium ribis Mont. et Desm.) and septoria leaf spot (Septoria ribis Desm.). The concentration of the mixtures was 105 CFU/ml. Topaz at 0.1 % concentration was used as a chemical standard. The conducted research demonstrated a nearly threefold reduction in the incidence of blackcurrant leaves when using biopreparations more than a month after their application for both septoria and anthracnose. The biological effectiveness of the experimental preparation Fitop 26.82 and Fitop 8.67 reached 64 % in 2017–2018 and 83 % in 2019 for septoria, for anthracnose this value was 71–81 % and 54,5 % for Fitop 26.82 and Fitop 8.67, accordingly, in 2017, and in 2018–2019 more than one month after application. Application of these biopreparations prolonged suppression of fungal disease development, highlighting the potential for their biological control under Siberian conditions. It should be noted that Fitop 26.82 consists of more ingredients including nematophagous fungi. Consequently, it would be more appropriate to use this preparation in the presence of phytonematodes in the field.

During the industrial processing of fish raw materials, problems arise with the disposal of waste, such as caviar from small fish species (carp, silver carp, catfish, catfish). Caviar secondary raw materials are chemically comparable to the main semi-finished fish product. The isolation of biologically active compounds from secondary materials is promising. The study of the component composition of phospholipid and protein complexes of raw materials will make it possible to substantiate the biological effectiveness of final food additives. For the organization of rational industrial processing of fish secondary raw materials, information on its amino acid composition and complex of lipid acids is necessary. The purpose of this study was the experimental determination of the amino acid composition of the protein fraction, as well as the proportion of fatty acids and phospholipid fractions in the secondary caviar raw materials of freshwater fish. The eggs of silver carp, carp, catfish, and catfish, corresponding to the morphological parameters of the IV stage of maturity, were studied. Analysis of the data on the amino acid composition of the raw material showed that the amount of essential amino acids in it exceeds that in an ideal protein by 20–25%, taking into account the type of fish. The main predominant components are threonine and leucine. Palmitic acid predominates among the polyunsaturated fatty acids in the studied caviar raw materials. Among the main unsaturated fatty acids in the objects of study, linoleic acid was isolated. The ratio of phospholipid fractions for the studied caviar samples was revealed. The prevalence of phosphatidylcholine is determined by its mass concentration in the range from 80% to 90%, taking into account the type of fish. The high proportions of the phospholipid complex in the composition of caviar secondary raw materials determine the high emulsifying characteristics of the objects of study. The use of recycled secondary raw materials for the production of fractionated lecithin is proposed.

Classical selection and selection methods are not enough for successful and efficient selection and breeding work with cattle. DNA testing of polymorphic forms of genes encoding milk proteins, in particular the kappa-casein gene (CSN3), is increasingly being introduced into animal husbandry practice. In this regard, we studied the breeding and productive qualities of Holstein cattle depending on the polymorphism of the kappa-casein gene (CSN3). It was found that among the black-and-white breeding bulls of JSC “Barnaul Breeding Enterprise” (Altai Krai, Russian Federation), the BB genotype associated with protein and fat milk content is recorded in 7 % of animals, a third of the herd of bulls are heterozygotes for the B allele – 35 %. Selection aimed at increasing milk yield determined the preferential use of bulls with the CSN3^AA genotype (58 %), which is a marker of higher milk yields in cows, which contributed to high consolidation of the A allele. It was found that daughters obtained from bulls with the CSN3^AB genotype reliably exceeded cows obtained from bulls with the CSN3AA genotype in milk yield by 10% (590 kg), in milk fat and protein yield by 12.4 % (29.9 kg) and 9.8 % (18.1 kg) and milk fat content by 0.09 % (p < 0.001). The highest degree of realization of genetic potential by the value of parental index of sires was established by the content of fat in milk at 95.3–99.5 % and protein content at 89.8–94.8 %, at the same time, by milk yield, the realization of genetic potential corresponds to 59.4–69.7 %. The highest milk productivity was noted in mother cows with heterozygous genotype CSN3AB and amounted to 8543 kg.

The genetic structure of the Simmental and Red Steppe breeds at the CSN3, BLG, and PIT-1 loci is characterized by a high frequency of heterozygotes (at the level of 45–50 %). The proportion of homozygotes varies in breeds. Thus, the frequency of CSN3^AA and CSN3^BB in simmentals is 27 and 24 %, and in Red Steppe breed – 34.2 and 16.6 %. According to the BLG gene, the frequencies of homozygotes in the two breeds are relatively equally distributed – 12 % (BLG^AA) and 37 % (BLG^BB). In contrast to the equal ratio of allelic variants of the CSN3 gene, the frequency of the BLG^B allele is 1.8 times higher than the alternative allele (p < 0.01). Interbreed differences in the frequency of PIT-1^AA and PIT-1^BB genotypes (p < 0.05) have been established. The frequency of homozygotes in Simmentals is 23 % (PIT-1^AA) and 30 % (PIT-1^BB), while in the Red Steppe breed it is 9.2 % and 47.5 %, respectively. The frequency distribution of alleles in simmentals is relatively equal, while PIT-1^B prevails in the red steppe (70 % versus 30 %). In Simmental cows, it was found that the homozygous CSN3^B genotype has a positive effect (p < 0.05) on increasing milk yield, milk protein and fat in milk compared with other genotypes. There are no statistically significant differences between animals of different genotypes in the CSN3 gene in red steppe cows and the ΒLG gene in both breeds. The degree and direction of the relationship between indicators of milk productivity, hematological and biochemical parameters of blood in animals of the Simmental and Red Steppe breeds, taking into account their genotypic affiliation, which can be used in assessing the functional variability of traits, have been established.

The presented data pertains to the assessment of zinc levels in the liver, kidneys, lungs, spleen, and myocardium of pigs of the Landras breed. The work was performed on clinically healthy animals, fed in a large pig -breeding complex of the Altai Territory. The technology employed by pigs was three-phase, and the typical conditions were in accordance with GOST 28839–90. The pigs were fed for a duration of 160 days using compound feeds of serial output, accompanied by certificates of conformity, and supplemented with vitamin-mineral premixes that corresponded to precise feeding standards. A zinc level assessment was performed using an atomic emission spectral analysis with inductive-tied plasma. For the processing of primary material, Microsoft Office Excel was utilized, along with the programming language R (version 4.4.1), and RStudio version analysis version 2024.09.0 (2009–2024 Posit Software, PBC). It was established that the distribution of zinc in the liver and kidneys differed from the distribution of the Gauss. In some cases there were emissions, and dispersions that were not homogeneous. Using a median, an increasing ranking range of zinc content in the organs was formed: myocardium < lungs < kidney < spleen < liver, in numerical terms: 1 : 1 : 1 : 1.2 : 1.4 : 2.4 mg/kg. In terms of variability, the smallest uniformity according to the point under consideration is characteristic of the liver. On the basis of the twill painting test, significant differences in the concentration of zinc are established (h = 88,485, df = 4, p < 0,0001). The pawn comparison demonstrated reliable differences in the level of the chemical element in the liver from all other internal organs and myocardial and additionally in pairs: “kidneys-light”, “spleen-lungs”, “kidney-myocardium”, “spleen-myocardium”. The method of agglomeration cluster analysis is allocated such an organ as a liver that has a maximum level of accumulation of the mineral, all other structures are cascaded up to the group with the minimum amount-“light-heart”. Phenotypes of distances between clusters are given. The results are suitable for determining the normative values of zinc content in the liver, kidneys, lungs, spleen and heart muscle of the lands of the Landras grown in Western Siberia.

The increase in the number of farm and domestic animals living with humans leads to uncontrolled pollution of the environment with faeces. In the Russian Federation, helminth infestations of animals and humans have become widespread and cause serious problems. In the regions of the North Caucasus Federal District, including the Kabardino-Balkar Republic, there is a deterioration in the sanitary and hygienic condition of soil and water bodies due to parasitic infestations The research was conducted in the period from 2020 to 2023. Indices of sanitary contamination of water with eggs of trematodes, cestodes and nematodes in 9 tributaries of the Baksan River, as well as soil contamination with helminth eggs in the territories of 9 objects of the resort-recreational complex were determined using standard methods according to MU ¹1440–76. 1000 water samples and 700 soil samples were analyzed. The analysis showed the level of sanitary contamination of the Baksan River water and soil with parasite eggs, posing a threat to humans and animals. Soil samples of the Baksan River tributaries were contaminated by 45–100 %, and water samples by 59.4–100 %, which indicates the potential danger of infestations. On the territories of the resort and recreational complex, sanitary contamination of soil with parasite eggs was minimal. For the first time ecologically grounded researches were carried out and indices of sanitary pollution of water by eggs of trematodes, cestodes and nematodes in 9 tributaries of the Baksan river, and also pollution of soil by eggs of helminths on territories of 9 objects of resort-recreational complex were determined. It has been established that the level of sanitary pollution of soil and water samples is characterized by annual growth of the index of contamination of these objects with helminth eggs in all tributaries (Adyl-Su, Irik; Kyrtyk, Adyr-Su, Tyutyu-Su, Kamyk-Su, Gerkhozhan-Su, Gizhgit, Kestanty). Within the Kabardino-Balkar Republic, the infestation of soil with trematode eggs is 45–100 %; with cestode eggs 68–100 %; with nematode eggs 100 % and water samples, respectively, 59.4–100, 68.0–100 and 100 %.

This study analyzes the interactions of three genes – BMP-15 (bone morphogenetic protein 15), BMPR-IB (bone morphogenetic protein receptor type IB) and GDF-9 (growth and differentiation factor 9) – in regulating key processes of mammalian reproductive function. These genes play a key role in folliculogenesis and ovulation, affecting the growth and development of follicles, maturation of eggs and the synthesis of steroid hormones. Disruptions in the functioning of these genes lead to various reproductive disorders, including decreased fertility and infertility. The aim of the study was to determine the functional relationships between these three genes and identify their potential interactions with other genes and proteins using open databases providing information on possible gene and protein-protein interactions. The study was conducted using the interaction of these genes in humans and sheep as an example. Data analysis showed that the BMP-15, BMPR-IB and GDF-9 genes are interconnected. Their interaction forms a complex network of signaling pathways that regulate various reproductive functions. The use of bioinformatics methods has made it possible to identify potential interactions of these genes with other genes and proteins, which contributes to a deeper understanding of the mechanisms of regulation of folliculogenesis and ovulation. Further studies aimed at a more detailed study of these interactions can be used in the development of new strategies for treating infertility and improving the reproductive characteristics of farm animals. Moreover, the study of their role in other biological processes can reveal new aspects of their functioning and is of great importance associated with understanding the genetic mechanisms of the formation of traits and their manifestation in ontogenesis.

The efficacy of Bioferron and Biocink on the physiological status of pigs is shown. The average daily body weight gain of piglets over the entire study period (4–60 days) in the control group was 0,25 kg. The greatest increase in body weight of piglets was noted in the 2nd (Bioferron 0,2 ml/kg) and 5th (Biocink 0,2 ml/kg) experimental groups, which amounted to 0,32 kg. The safety of piglets for the entire period of the experiment was 100 % in each of the study groups. The red blood cell level in the 2nd (Bioferron 0,2 mL/kg) and 3rd (Bioferron 0,3 mL/kg) experimental groups was 7,57±0,11 and 7,37±0,14 х10¹²/L, which is 7,83 and 4,99 % more than in the control (p ≤ 0,05), respectively. Among the experimental groups of piglets treated with Biocink, the highest level of red blood cells was noted in the 5th (Biocink 0,2 ml/kg) experimental group, this indicator was 7,24±0,16 х1012/l, which is 3,13% more than the control. In 90-day-old piglets, the number of red blood cells increases, its predominance in experimental groups remains. The hemoglobin level in the blood of 60-day-old piglets of experimental groups, which were given Bioferron at doses of 0,1, 0,2 and 0,3 ml/kg, exceeded the level of the control group by 14,55, 15,01 and 16,03 % (at p ≤ 0,001), respectively. In the blood of piglets that received Biocink at doses of 0,1, 0,2 and 0,3 ml/kg, the level of hemoglobin exceeded by 12,52, 12,83 (at p ≤ 0,001) and 10,38% (at p ≤ 0,01) the level of the control group, respectively. In the blood of 90-day-old piglets, the superiority of the hemoglobin level in piglets of all experimental groups over control remains. The greatest hematocrit value was observed in piglets of 60 days of age in the 2nd and 3rd experimental groups, which were given Bioferron at doses of 0,2 and 0,3 ml/kg, it was 41,29 0,29 and 41,65±0,30 %, which is 7,16 and 8,09 % more control (p ≤ 0,01). In 90-day-old piglets, a significant increase in hematocrit was observed in all test groups. A decrease in the number of leukocytes in the blood within the physiological norm indicates the normalization of metabolic processes in the body of pigs, which is expressed in the positive dynamics of changes in the morphological composition of the blood of animals treated with Bioferron and Biocink. The ratio of different forms of leukocytes in 60 and 90 daily piglets was within the physiological norm.

Probiotics are used in aquaculture to maintain a stable digestive tract and microflora. These preparations contain a complex of live bacteria, usually lacto- and bifidobacteria. They regulate the microbiocenosis of the digestive tract and make a significant contribution to nutrient assimilation. The effect of different dosages of Ecoflor on the activity of glycosidases (amylase and maltase) in the intestinal mucosa and chyme of sterlet was studied. This probiotic is a consortium of strains of lacto- and bifidobacteria: B. bifidum, B. longum and L. acidophilus, L. casei, L. plantarum, immobilized on carbon-mineral sorbent SUMS-1. The experiment was conducted at the experimental base of the I.D. Papanin Institute for Biology of Inland Waters. Fish were divided into 4 groups: control and three experimental groups, to which probiotic was added to the feed in the amount of 2, 4, 6 g/kg. Samples were taken from 5 individuals from each group before and on 7, 14, and 21 days of the experiment. To obtain enzymatically active preparations, the intestines of fish were freed from fat on ice bath glass. After cutting, chyme was collected with a spatula and scraper, then the mucous membrane was removed. The obtained suspensions of chyme and intestinal mucosa were homogenized with Ringer’s solution pH 7.5 (103 mMNaCl, 1.9 mMCl, 0.45 mM CaCl₂, 1.4 mM MgSO₄) at 0-4°C, for cold-blooded animals, at a dilution of 1:50. Amylase activity was determined by the Smith-Roy method, as modified at a wavelength of 560 nm. The maltase activity was determined by the glucose oxidase method using a set of reagents for glucose determination in biological fluids (AGAT-MED LLC, Russia), the optical density was determined at a wavelength of 505 nm. The activity of both studied enzymes was found to increase in the mucous membrane and chyme of sterlet after one week of experimental feeding. In the following periods of observation the stimulating effect of the preparation only on the secretory activity of maltase was recorded. The dependence of the drug efficiency on the enzyme activity on the dosage was shown.

In this work we determined the efficiency of induction of superovulation and folliculogenesis in females of agricultural species with low- and multiple-fetal type of pregnancy, as well as with seasonal and year-round manifestation of estrus, by different modes of FSH-super preparation administration. For the first time studies on the use of pituitary gonadotropins on females with different types of reproduction for the induction of superovulation, folliculogenesis and ovulation in different seasons of the year were conducted. Superovulation induction was performed in embryo donor cows of specialized and aboriginal breeds and different directions of productivity during the year under the same housing conditions. Induction of folliculogenesis was carried out in female domestic rabbits when kept in shelters and vivariums during the year and in female American mink when kept in shelters and vivariums, both in the season of reproduction and outside the season of sexual activity. When using single injection regimens of FSH-super in combination with prolongers polyvinyl alcohol and polyethylene glycol, the response of embryo donor cows and female rabbits is more effective compared to the classical protocol with multiple injections. It was also revealed that cows of the aboriginal Kalmyk breed respond to the administration of gonadotropins for superovulation induction only during their reproductive period in summer and early fall. Rabbits during the year gave a stable positive effect on the introduction of gonadotropins when kept in the vivarium, while the level of response decreased in some months when kept in shepherds. Female American minks under vivarium conditions responded to the administration of FSH-super both in the season of reproduction and outside the season of sexual activity, in contrast to animals kept in shelters. It was found that the effectiveness of gonadotropic stimulation of females for the purpose of superovulation induction depends on the mode of drug administration and environmental factors. Administration of FSH-super with prolongers to mink and keeping in vivarium conditions contributes to overcoming the factors of seasonal variability of reproduction, which may be essential for the development of embryotransplantation methods in animals with seasonal type of reproduction with desirable phenotypic characteristics.

The studies were carried out to study the effect of transcranial electrical stimulation of the antinociceptive system of the brain on the healing process of skin wounds in laboratory animals. Object of study: non-linear white male laboratory rats in the amount of 80 animals. In the first experimental group, a transcranial electrical stimulation mode was used in the form of a combination of direct and alternating currents with analgesic parameters. In the second and third experimental groups, the same combination was used, but with different pulse frequencies - 50 and 90 Hz («frequencies of non-analgesic stimulation»). Sessions of transcranial electrical stimulation were carried out once a day for 30 minutes for three days after the application of skin wounds. Additionally: for three days before the wound and three days after the operation («preventive» and “therapeutic» effects): both analgesic and non-analgesic modes of electrical influence were used. Under the influence of transcranial electrical stimulation with analgesic current parameters (frequency 70 Hz), a significant acceleration (by 21%) of the healing process and a reduction in the average time for complete wound healing are observed. Transcranial impacts with «non-analgesic stimulation frequencies» (50 and 90 Hz) did not cause any changes in the rate of healing, compared to the control. The greatest acceleration of wound healing under the influence of medical procedures is reliably manifested on days 4-7 after their application, and in the control group on days 10-11. In the «preventive» group, the change in wound size was significantly faster than that in rats with the «therapeutic» effect: on the 4th day, the difference in the area of wounds between the experimental groups and the control was statistically significant and amounted to 12%, while the «therapeutic» effect On the 8th day it achieves a similar result.

The technical equipment of modern incubators does not guarantee one hundred percent hatching of chickens. In connection with this fact, there was a need to improve and comply with the regimes of pre-incubation storage of eggs. The influence of incubation egg storage periods on the hatching of chicks was studied. The object of the study was an incubation egg from meat-egg chickens of the Haysex Brown cross at the age of 35 weeks. Incubation eggs were stored in a storage chamber at a temperature from 12 to 21 °C and relative humidity from 75 to 85 % with the blunt end up, depending on the shelf life, but no more than 15 days. The incubation technology was carried out in a flow-through mode, in the sequence of all technological operations from the production of an incubation egg to the sale of daily young, using incubators for incubation and hatching of young animals, while observing the parameters of the microclimate in the premises of the hatchery and incubation modes according to technological standards. The results of the study showed that the shelf life of the incubation egg had an impact on the physico-chemical qualities of the egg: with an increase in the storage time, the acid number in the yolk increased, the pH of the protein and yolk, the vitamin A content and the carotenoid content decreased. Biological control of incubation and hatchling showed the effect of the incubation egg shelf life on the hatch of daily young: an egg stored from 5 to 10 days provided the maximum hatchling of 88.1 % and the maximum number of conditioned chickens 42.4 %. The economic efficiency data also showed the maximum profit from the sale of daily chickens obtained from incubation eggs stored from 5 to 10 days.

A laboratory sample of the drug Argocide has been developed, which includes the drug Argovit (LLC NPTS Vector-Vita, Novosibirsk, Russia) containing silver nanoparticles and an enzyme preparation for the preservation of feed Biosib Acid (NPO Sibbiopharm, Berdsk, Russia). Strains of microorganisms and their isolates were used for the study – St. aureus ATCC 25953, St. epidermidis ATCC 14990, Str. agalactiae ATCC12386, Str. disgalactiae ATCC27957, Str. pyogenes ATCC 19615, S. enteritidis ATCC 13076, Pr. vulgaris ATCC 6380, P. aeruginosa ATCC 27853, E. Coli ATCC 25922. The sensitivity of microorganisms to antibacterial substances and their combinations was determined by the method of sequential serial dilutions in BCH. The studied drugs were an aqueous 10.0% dilution of Argovit, a 10.0% aqueous solution of Biosib Acid and a 10% laboratory sample of Argocide, consisting of 10.0% Argovit and 10.0% Biosib Acid in equal amounts. An assessment of the bactericidal activity of Argovit, Biosib Acid and a laboratory sample of Argocide allowed us to build a series of decreasing antimicrobial activity, to establish where the highest indicators were noted in Str. disgalactiae ATCC27957 (0.01 mcg/ml) St. aureus ATCC 25953, Str. agalactiae ATCC 12386, E. coli ATCC 25922 (0.05 mcg/ml) St epidermidis ATCC 14990 (0.1 mcg/ml) S. enteritidis ATCC 13076 (0.2 mcg/ml) Kl. pneumoniae 71, Pr. vulgaris ATCC 6380 (0.5 mcg/ml). The bactericidal activity of the studied drugs was significantly lower (by 2-20 times) for field isolates of the reference strains Klebsiella pneumoniae (2.0 mcg/ml) S. enteritidis (1.25 mcg/ml) Pr. vulgaris (1.0 mcg/ml) St. aureus (1.0 mcg/ml) Str. disgalactiae (0.1 mcg/ml) St. epidermidis (0.1 mcg/ml) Str. agalactiae (0.05 mcg/ml) E. coli (0.05 mcg/ml), which can be explained by prolonged contact with antibacterial substances in the animal’s body.

Analysis of biochemical parameters of swine blood using chelate compounds of trace elements is shown. An increase in protein level was noted in the groups with dosing of Bioferron in different doses, in the 1st experimental group (Bioferron 0,1 ml/kg) an increase relative to the control was 7,87 %, in the 2nd experimental group (Bioferron 0,2 ml/kg) – by 12,92 % (p ≤ 0,001), in the 3rd experimental group (Bioferron 0,3 ml/kg) – by 11,21 % (p ≤ 0,01). Groups of pigs treated with Biocink also showed a tendency to increase protein levels relative to and in the 6th experimental (Biocink 0,3 ml/kg) groups, it exceeded the control values by 10,49 and 10,71 % (p ≤ 0,05), respectively. The highest creatinine value was noted in the 2nd (Bioferron 0,2 mL/kg) and 3rd (Bioferron 0,3 mL/kg) experimental groups, it was 92,31±5,36 and 92,75±5,21 μmol/L, which is 58,77 and 59,53 % more control. The highest AST level was observed in pigs of experimental groups, which were given Bioferron preparations at a dose of 0,2 ml/kg and at a dose of 0,3 ml/kg, it was 39,59±2,47 and 38,44±3,85 U/L, respectively, which is 40,19 and 36,12 % more control. The highest ALT level was observed in piglets of experimental groups, which were given Bioferron preparations at a dose of 0,2 and 0,3 ml/kg, it was 33,92±2,30 and 32,51±2,08 U/l, respectively, which is 50,89 and 44,62 % more control (p ≤ 0,01). The largest level of calcium with reliability 0,05 noted in the 2nd (Bioferron 0,2 ml/kg), the 3rd (Bioferron of 0,3 ml/kg), and the 6th (Biocink of 0,3 ml/kg) skilled groups, it made 2,71±0,16, 2,70±0,17 and 2,63±0,17 µmol/l respectively that 48,90, 48,35 control more and 44,51%. at p ≤ 0,01. The highest phosphorus levels were noted in the 2nd (Bioferron 0,2 mL/kg), 3rd (Bioferron 0,3 mL/kg) and 6th (Biocink 0,3 mL/kg) experimental groups, it was 1,86±0,03, 1,85±0,03 and 1,82±0,04 μmol/L, respectively, which is 5,68, 5,11 and 3,41 % more control. So, when giving Bioferron at a dose of 0,2 ml/kg, the iron level increased by 43,52 %, while giving Bioferron at a dose of 0,3 ml/kg, the iron level increased by 46,72 % (p ≤ 0,01). When Biocink was given at a dose of 0,2 mL/kg, the zinc level increased by 62,60 %, while when Biocink was given at a dose of 0,3 mL/kg, the zinc level increased by 72,42 % (p ≤ 0,001). The inclusion of Bioferron in the diet at different doses also had a positive effect on the correction of mineral metabolism.

Poultry farming is one of the most developed branches of animal husbandry in Russia. Chicken meat is familiar to consumers, but recently there has been an increase in demand for goose meat. Important factors in the breeding of this type of bird is that it is unpretentious and there is a high profitability of cultivation. When breeding poultry in our country, feed antibiotics were actively used, which have many side effects not only for the animal, but also for the person who uses the products of such animal husbandry. They certainly allow you to increase the increase in live weight in animals, but in conditions of high-calorie feeding and the direct influence of antibiotics, there is a serious impact on the liver of poultry, and recently the problem of antibiotic resistance has been acute, which is why it is necessary to find a replacement for them that will be safer and more effective. One of such developments is the microbial preparation Vetom 20.76, which is based on the culture of the predatory fungus Arthrobotrys oligospora. This probiotic drug stimulates metabolic processes in the body of a bird and its body weight gain increases, which is one of the important zootechnical indicators in animal husbandry. The purpose of our research is to study the effect of the microbial preparation Vetom 20.76 on the liver structure and the absorption capacity of the small intestine of the Krasnoozersk geese. In a scientific and production experiment conducted on the principle of pairs and analogues, geese of the experimental groups received additionally with water the drug Vetom 20.76 at a dose of 0.5 mkl / kg, 1 mkl / kg and 2 mkl / kg of body weight for 30 days. It was found that the structure of the liver of poultry of the experimental and control groups did not differ, but there was an increase in the density of intestinal villi, as well as an increase in mucus secretion. When the drug was discontinued, a decrease in these indicators was noted.