The objectives of the research are to study the reliability criterion of spring wheat varieties in terms of yield, weight of 1000 grains, resistance to lodging, duration of the growing season and technological parameters protein and gluten content. One-sided selection aimed at increasing productivity reduces the adaptability of varieties. In this regard, there is a need for economic and biological assessment of varieties, which will allow the adaptability of spring wheat to be fully realized in the Krasnoyarsk Territory. The location of the study is the Uyarsky GSU, located in the forest-steppe zone of the Krasnoyarsk Territory. Qualitative analysis was carried out in the zonal Krasnoyarsk chemical-technological laboratory for variety testing of agricultural crops in 2019–2021. Objects of study: 21 varieties of spring wheat, incl. 19 varieties of spring soft wheat of different ripeness groups and 2 varieties of spring durum wheat. In terms of yield, the best results (more than 7.0 t/ha) were obtained from the bread wheat varieties Extra (early ripening); Novosibirskaya 41 (mid-early); Gonets, Omskaya 44, Kuraginskaya 2, Predgornaya (mid-season); Leader 80, Union (mid-late); as well as in Omsk steppe durum wheat. Data processing according to the method proposed by D.A. Saprygin, made it possible to carry out a comprehensive analysis of spring wheat varieties using yield, weight of 1000 grains, resistance to lodging, duration of the growing season, protein and gluten content in the grain. Based on the results of this analysis, we can say that the reliability criterion (Kn) is the highest for the bread wheat varieties Novosibirskaya 15, Novosibirskaya 16 (early ripening), Novosibirskaya 31, Novosibirskaya 41, Pamyati Vavenkova (mid-early), Gonets, Omskaya 44 (mid-ripening), Leader 80 , Belukha, Union (mid-late varieties) (soft wheat), as well as durum wheat Omsk steppe.

The results of research for 2014–2016 on the effectiveness of methods of basic sod processing of oldage crops of perennial grasses in the conditions of the forest-steppe zone of Western Siberia on leached medium-sized medium-humus medium-loamy chernozem are presented. The purpose of the research is to optimize the methods of basic processing of sod, to establish their effect on the reserves of productive moisture in the soil and the productivity of reservoir culture. It was found that the maximum yield of the reservoir crop was obtained when plowing grass stands in the autumn. The collection of the green mass of the stratum culture oats for the next year amounted to 173 kg/ha, grain 22.7 kg/ha and was ensured by improving the moisture supply of crops (+31...51% in the soil layer 0-20 cm), higher germination (+21...35%) and the height of oat plants (+4...23%). The cost of obtaining products amounted to 6429 rubles / ha, profitability of 253%. Autumn treatment with a continuous-action Tornado herbicide (isopropylamine salt, 360 g/l acid, application rate of 2 l/ha) followed by disking in two tracks in spring reduces the yield of green mass by 17%, grain by 8% and can be recommended when malicious root weeds – wheatgrass, osota species and etc. After treatment, the proportion of weeds in the reservoir crops did not exceed 2% (annual species). Processing costs amounted to 8859 rubles/ ha, profitability of 135%. Spring cutting of the BDT-3 turf in two traces reduces the collection of green mass by 42% compared with autumn plowing, grain by 48% due to a decrease in soil moisture in the root layer (0-20cm) in spring by 31-51%, field germination by 30%, plant height by 23% with maximum clogging indicators in the experiment – 14-24 pcs/m² or 5.6%. The costs amounted to 4,698 rubles/ha, with a profitability of 151%.

It was found that the content of readily available phosphorus in the soil of the small-scale experiment after 3 years of fertilizer application remained average in all variants, fertilizers compensated for its removal by grain crops. In the field experiment, the content of this form of phosphorus in the arable soil layer significantly increased only with row fertilization, with other methods of application it decreased to low. Fertilizers in both experiments, with all methods of application, not only compensated for the removal of mobile phosphorus by cereals, but also created a high and increased supply of plants with it. They increased the content of mineral phosphates and did not affect the ratio of their groups in the soil. The active fractions accounted for 22–25 %, Ca – P₃ phosphates accounted for 68–72 %, the proportion of Al – P and Fe – P phosphates was the lowest and practically unchanged, indicating the absence of rearrangement and fixation of phosphates into less accessible and inaccessible forms for plants. Phosphorus of fertilizers was absorbed not only by plants, but also by microorganisms. The most microbial phosphorus in a layer of 0-20 cm of leached chernozem in a small–scale experiment was found with local fertilization – 22 kg /ha, and in the chernozem of the field experiment – with row application – 31 kg / ha, which can be used by plants in the aftereffect. In the soil layer of 0–40 cm of the small– scale experiment, the reserves of microbial phosphorus, depending on the method of fertilization, increased in a row: row – scattered – local, and field: scattered – local – row. Only when applied to rows during sowing with seeds, fertilizers significantly increased the yield of spring wheat, the increase from them in small–scale and field experiments averaged 42 and 26 %, respectively. The highest yield of oats in conditions of sufficient moisture supply of the soil was obtained with scattered fertilization in action and with row–in aftereffect, the increase in yield was 12 and 20 %, respectively. The balance of readily available phosphorus in the chernozem of the field experiment is positive for all methods of fertilization, with its deficiency in the control – 26 kg /ha, and mobile – positive in all variants.

The results of research on the development of automated classification of remote sensing images of the Earth for on-farm land use based on the use of an object-oriented approach, machine learning and geoinformation modeling are presented. The classification methodology included three stages: analysis of digital images with the selection of spatial objects through preliminary segmentation, classification of spatial objects using the ,Random Forest (RF) and Support Vector Machine (SVM) machine learning algorithms, and assessment of the overall accuracy of the result. For processing, satellite images Sentinel-2 from May to April for the land use area of the experimental station «Elitnaya» and Individual Enterprise of State Farm (Collective Farm) Kovalev S.M. of the Novosibirsk region with a spatial resolution of 10 m per pixel were used. The processing of the resulting multispectral images was carried out using the software product SAGA GIS version 8.5.1 and QGIS with opensource code, the creation of classification models was carried out in the package of the statistical programming language R. It was established that the overall accuracy of classification of land use objects displayed onsatellite images, for the territory of the experimental station «Elitnaya» the SVM algorithm was 87.1% (kappa coefficient 0.74), and using the RF algorithm – 90.3% (kappa coefficient 0.87). For the land use area of the Individual Enterprise of State Farm (Collective Farm) Kovalev S.M. using the SVM algorithm – 78.4% (kappa coefficient 0.78), and using the RF algorithm – 82.3% (kappa coefficient 0.82). The object-oriented approach, in integration with machine learning, facilitates efficient segmentation and classification of remote sensing images for the delineation of spatial objects, provides the ability to automate the mapping process of land use areas, and to incorporate this information into geoinformation modeling for evaluation and classification of agricultural lands.

Sedums are representatives of the Crassulaceae family, a valuable medicinal species with limited distribution. It is of exceptional importance for herbal medicine and plant biochemistry. At the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education Gorsky State Agrarian University, some representatives of the Crassulaceae family (Crassulaceae DC) have been introduced and successfully grow in the collection nursery: prominent sedum, Caucasian sedum, antifolia sedum and linear sedum. Crassulaceae DC. is a large family of dicotyledonous angiosperms characterized by its unique form of photosynthesis. These plants are used mainly as carriers of chemically active compounds and biologically valuable substances. The studied samples of plants of the Crassulaceae family are of particular interest as raw materials for medicines and as valuable biologically active components. As a result of the studies carried out using chromatography-mass spectrometry, the component composition of the terpene series in plant objects was determined: sedum oppositifolium, Caucasian sedum (Sedum caucasicum), linear sedum (Sedum lineare Thunb.) and prominent sedum (Sedum spectabile). Sedum spectabile contains two, Sedum caucasicum contains five, Sedum oppositifolium contains eight, Sedum lineare Thunb. – ten components of the terpene series. The biologically valuable substances of a number of terpenes of the Crassulaceae family, found in the studied plants, were determined using organic solvents. Terpenes were isolated in chloroform and ethanol extracts, i.e., a solvent was selected for the component of interest, and the identified terpenes can act as indicators of specific components for each plant and the selection of suitable markers.

In the process of breeding work with the Pisum satvum L. it was noticed that the same samples in different years may belong to different gradations of plant classification according to stem length. Resistance to lodging (RL) of samples in years with contrasting heat and moisture conditions may also have different estimates. In this connection, the purpose of the research was to identify the dependence of plant height and resistance to lodging of peas on the hydrothermal coefficient (HTC) of the growing season. The research was carried out in 2019 2023 in the forest-steppe of the Krasnoyarsk Territory, in the competitive variety testing nursery of the pea breeding laboratory of the Krasnoyarsk Research Institute of Agriculture. The soil of the site is represented by ordinary chernozem of medium thickness, medium humus with neutral acidity. For the study, 8 samples of selfselected peas were taken. Samples were arranged in a systematic manner in quadruplicate, the plot area being 15 m2. During the research, it was revealed that in order to objectively characterize pea samples by stem length and its resistance to lodging, it is necessary to take into account the HTC of the growing season, since the differences between the lengths of plants in years of different HTC of the growing season can change by 2 times. The length of plants depended significantly on the hydrothermal coefficient of the growing season; separately for the months of the growing season, it was revealed that the strongest direct correlation is typical for August r ± Sr = 0.88 ± 0.08. The maximum lodging of samples was noted during an excessively humid growing season, the minimum during a dry one, the difference in the assessment could reach one point. An increase in HTC had the maximum effect on reducing the resistance to lodging of semi-dwarf samples and the entire sample; medium-sized samples showed an average degree of dependence. When analyzed by month of the growing season, the greatest influence on the decrease in plant resistance to lodging had the August HTC r ± Sr = -0.95 ± 0.18, p = -0.75.

The article presents the results of scientific research for 1991–2021 years the North-Western Research Institute of Dairy and Grassland Farming, a separate subdivision of the VolRC RAS (Vologda Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences) on the creation of high-yielding legume-cereal grass mixtures for the agroclimatic conditions of the European North of Russia. According to the research results, technologies for growing promising crops (eastern goat, variable alfalfa, festulolium, reed fescue) in single-species and mixed crops have been developed. Bloodless crops of goat and grass mixtures for two mowing ensured the production of 7.2–7.9 t / ha of dry matter. In terms of productivity, single-species crops significantly exceeded mixed crops. From grass mixtures, stand out crops with meadow fescue, hedgehog and awnless rump stood out. The yield of variable alfalfa and grass mixtures with its participation for two mowing ranged from 7.8 to 9.5 t/ ha of dry matter. Significantly inferior to alfalfa by 0.86–1.04 t/ha of dry matter were grass mixtures with timofeevka. Single-species festulolium crops with two-mowing use were significantly inferior in yield to grass mixtures with leguminous grass species by 0.9-4.0 t/ha of SV. Legume-cereal grass mixtures were characterized by an increased protein content (1.7–2.1 times), fat (1.1–1.2 times), reduced fiber (1.2–1.3 times). Harvesting of the first mowing during the budding phase of legumes, the beginning of earing of the festulolium significantly reduced the yield of dry matter by 20% compared with harvesting during the flowering phase. At the same time, the protein content in the plant mass of early mowing increased by 12 % in festulolium, by 21–36 % in festulolium with clover and birdʼsfoot trefoil, and by 3–11 % in herbage with alfalfa. It is effective for three-mowing use to include reed fescue in legume-cereal grass mixtures. Grass mixtures with her participation in three mowing provide yields at the control level (two mowing), and in terms of protein yield per hectare exceed it by 26–31 %.

The yield of vegetable peas is significantly reduced when plants are lodging. To solve this problem, mutant leafless genotypes with modified leaf morphology can be used in breeding. A comparative assessment of collection samples of vegetable peas of the regular and mutant mustachioed morphotype for resistance to lodging and seed productivity was carried out at the educational and experimental farm of the Omsk State Agrarian University in 2017–2018. As an object for study, 62 samples of vegetable peas from the collection of VIR, VNIISSOK and foreign selection were used. As a result of the research, it was established that the proportion of resistant and highly resistant forms in plants with a common (leafy) morphotype amounted to a total of 30 %, in baleen (leafless) plants there were significantly more of these – 77 %. The mustachioed forms of vegetable peas have greater resistance to lodging in the phase of biological ripeness. The resistance coefficient of samples with a mustachioed morphotype was on average 0.85, and that of leafy ones – 0.64. An average relationship was established between the height of the grass stand and resistance to lodging in vegetable peas, and in leafy samples it was higher, the correlation coefficient was r = 0.56, in baleen samples – r = 0.43. Sources of high resistance to lodging were identified for each morphotype of vegetable pea: mustachioed – Cruiser, Flagman 8, Venture, Nemchinsky, Afilla, Poltavets, Azur, P. Khangilda, Teras 888; leaflet SH-92-79-3-3-1-1, Aldea, Norli, Adrianna, Gribovsky Jubilee. Vegetable pea samples are recommended for breeding that combine high expression of productivity elements with resistance to lodging for each morphotype: by the number of beans – Azur, Afilla (mustachioed), Aldea, Fruhe (regular); by weight of beans – Azur, Afilla (mutant), Flagship 8, Fruhe, Aldea, SH-92-79-3-3-1-1 (leaf); by the number of seeds in a bean – Afilla, Venture (baleen), Aldea, Norli, SH-92-79-3-3-1-1 (leaf); by weight of seeds per plant – Azur, Afilla (mutant), Fruhe, Aldea, SH-92-79-3-3-1-1 (leaf); by weight of 1 000 seeds – Flagman 8, In Memory of Khangildin, Azur (mustached), Fruhe, Aldea (leafy).

The results of a field experiment to study the influence of basic processing techniques on the density of chernozem in the Krasnoyarsk forest–steppe are presented. The research was carried out in a field of fallow and grain crops in a five–field field crop rotation (fallow – wheat – rapeseed – barley – oats). The experimental design included basic tillage techniques: 1 – moldboard tillage to a depth of 20–22 cm; 2 – minimal processing (disc peeling to a depth of 10–12 cm); 3 – zero tillage (direct sowing on the stubble of the predecessor). It was shown that ordinary chernozem of the Krasnoyarsk forest–steppe under the conditions of basic cultivation was characterized by a loose and normal composition of the 0–20 cm layer with a seasonal rhythm not exceeding 18 %. The density of the 0–20 cm layer of chernozem depended 19–28 % on the nature of the agrocenosis. This influence is most pronounced in the 10–20 cm layer (26–37 %). Crop rotation fields according to the density of the crop on all backgrounds of the main cultivation were located in the following increasing series: fallow (0.90–0.96 g/ cm³) – wheat (0.95–1.02 g/cm3) – barley (0.97–1.00 g/cm³) – oats (0.98–1.05 g/cm³). It was established that the cultivation of agricultural crops and fallowing the field against the background of moldboard plowing formed a density at the level of 0.94–0.98 g/cm³. Tilling the soil with a discor in crops of grain crops increased the soil density to 0.97–1.01 g/cm³; zero sowing – up to 1.00–1.05 g/cm³. At the same time, the value of the studied parameter did not go beyond the optimal values.

The article offers an assessment of the effectiveness of the Clearfield system in the technology of cultivation of spring rapeseed hybrid NIKSH 213 KLS and sunflower hybrid NK Neoma, taking into account different precursors in the Non-Chernozem zone. The study was conducted in the conditions of the economy of LLC “Flame” of the Korablinsky district of the Ryazan region, in 2021–2023. Clearfield is a universal production system currently used worldwide, which involves the use of modern high-yielding hybrids resistant to selective herbicide. A single application of herbicides of this system allows you to create a soil herbicide screen that restrains subsequent waves of weeds. The conducted studies allowed us to establish that the post-emergence use of herbicides in combination with an adhesive in oilseed crops destroyed 100% annual dicotyledonous weeds such as the common mountaineer, rough mountaineer. Cultivation of rapeseed and sunflower using Clearfield technology provided clean crops of these crops, and additional foliar treatment of plants with fertilizers created favorable conditions for additional formation of elements of the crop structure. The maximum yield of spring rapeseed over the years of research was recorded on the Lebozol-RAPSMIX variant of 21.4–24.2 c/ha (winter wheat) and 21.9-26.3           (spring wheat), the excess relative to the untreated variant was 21.7 % (+4.2 c/ha) and 25.7 % (+5.0 c/ha), respectively. On average, according to the experience with sunflower, the maximum yield was noted on variants with the effect of non-root top dressing Lebozol-expert–Opti Care – 32.5 c/ha against the background of the predecessor of winter wheat (an increase of + 3.8 c/ha), and 30.7 c/ha against the background of spring wheat (+3.3 c/ha).

The photoperiod-insensitive allele Ppd-D1a is widespread among spring soft wheat of subequatorial and equatorial countries. This allele is practically not found in Russian spring soft wheat cultivars. The allele Ppd-D1a decrease period from seedling to heading in soft wheat and can be used in breeding for earliness. Fourty cultivars with the allele Ppd-D1a have been studied in the field conditions for yield in 2021 and 2022. Eleven cultivars (AC Vista, AC Taber, Buck Fogon, Cunningham, DL-803-2, Odeta, Tigre, Sasia, Sunstar, Sunstate and Zingmai), which have yield at the level of standards, were selected among them. Using PCR-analysis the presence of the Ppd-D1a allele was confirmed for all 11 cultivars. Local checks have the Ppd-D1b allele. Above mentioned 11 cultivars were tested in field condition in 2023. Cultivars were estimated for interval from seedling to heading, plant height, spikelet number per spike, kernel number per spike, thousand kernel weight, grain weight per main spike and tiller spikes, harvest index, yield, protein and gluten content in grain. Ten out of 11 cultivars had significantly lower yield than standards (from -23 to 58 %). Almost all cultivars were characterized with significantly lower plant height (from -16 to -43 cm), lower thousand kernel weight (from -3.8 to -13.5 g), higher harvest index (to +8.0 percent point) and lower grain weight per main spike (from -0.02 to -0.52 g), than standards. Sunstar cultivar, which had yield at the level of standard cultivar Altaiskaya 70, is recommended as a donor of the Ppd-D1a allele in spring soft wheat breeding for earliness. Cluster analysis carried out on the basis of the considered traits classified cultivars with the Ppd-D1a and Ppd-D1b alleles in two different groups.

The species composition of pine plantations in the forest fund of the Barnaul Forestry, which is part of the suburban territory of Barnaul, was studied on a forest typological basis. A total of 165 species of vascular plants have been identified, of which 3 species form a stand, 26 species of undergrowth, and 136 species of living ground cover. 39 synanthropic plant species (23.6 % of the total flora) were found in the lower tiers of the forest, including 14 anthropophytic species in the undergrowth, 5 anthropophytic and 20 apophytic species in the living ground cover. A richer floral composition is characteristic of the grass forest type, compared with the fresh forest type, which is associated with different forest growing conditions. Anthropogenic factors lead to an increase in the species composition of pine plantations near the city limits – more intensively in the grass forest (r = -0.74), less intensively in the fresh forest (r = -0.39). As we move away from the city limits, the ratio of ecological and cenotic components changes in pine plantations: the share of the forest component increases, the share of the synanthropic component decreases. Among the synanthropic plants of the lower tiers, aggressive species (Malus baccata (L.) Borkh., Acer negundo L.) are noted, which strongly transform the forest environment, preventing the renewal of the main breed. The value of the index of synanthropization of the species composition of pine plantations varies with distance from the city limits: 0,28–0,29 – 0–4 km; 0,12–0,20 – 4–11 km; 0,03–0,07 – 15–43 km, therefore, the forest fund of the forestry can be divided into 3 zones – high, moderate and weak anthropogenic transformation. We recommend using the data obtained for complex zoning of the territory of the Barnaul forestry in order to preserve suburban forests.

The article presents part of the experience in the study of soybean breeding material in the fields of the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution «Federal Scientific Center of Legumes and Groat Crops». The studies were conducted in years characterized by contrasting (different) weather conditions, and the varieties and breeding numbers presented in the study differed among themselves in the traits of growth type, precocity and branching. The traits such as net photosynthetic productivity and nitrogenase activity investigated in the bean formation phase were depicted. The cultivars with the highest net photosynthetic productivity at the bean formation phase in 2022 and 2023 were identified, and breeding numbers with low net photosynthetic productivity were noted. Nitrogenase activity of the studied cultivars in the phase of bean formation in 2022 and 2023 was determined. Variety samples possessing the highest nitrogenase activity were identified, as well as selection numbers with low values of this indicator. Soybean genotypes with minimal annual variation of nitrogenase activity in the phase of bean formation were found, which can be used for further selection in the future. Correlations between net photosynthetic productivity, nitrogenase activity, field germination and vegetation indices (NDVI, NDRE, ClGreen, GNDVI, MCARI) were calculated, and the phase of soybean development at which vegetation indices are most optimally applicable for germination assessment was determined.

The results of those carried out in 2022–2023 are presented. complex experiments to study the effectiveness of using elements of accelerated virus-free seed production technology on potato varieties of different ripeness groups on gray forest medium-loamy soil of the forest-steppe of the Novosibirsk Ob region. The soil at the research site contained 3.48 % humus, 11.3 mg of easily hydrolyzed nitrogen, 13.1 mg of available phosphorus, and 15.1 mg/100 g of exchangeable potassium at pH 6.19. The agricultural technology in the experiments was generally accepted for modern agricultural technology research. On the gray forest medium-loamy soil of JSC Agricultural Enterprise “Michurinets” of the Novosibirsk district of the Novosibirsk region in the conditions of isolated areas of open ground when planting healthy super-super elite of three varieties of different ripeness groups: Rosara, Red Scarlett (early) and Zlatka (mid-ripening) the formation of standard virus-free planting material is shown super elites. The gross harvest of the virus-free superelite is equal to the Rosara variety – 40 tons, Red Scarlett – 4.86 tons, and the Zlatka variety – 33.72 tons, with the yield of the standard seed fraction of 35–60 mm at the level of 70 %. Under the conditions of a specialized greenhouse, the maximum average number of tubers per vessel was noted in the variant with the Sokur variety – 14.9 pcs. and Red Scarlett – 11 pcs. In protected soil, the standard fraction of seed healthy tubers 35–60 mm dominated, ranging from 18 t/ha for the Zlatka variety to 21 t/ha for the Rozara variety. In a specialized greenhouse, the share of seed tubers was mostly in the 35–45 mm and 45–55 mm fractions – an average of 26 %. Improved technology for seed production of virus-free potatoes ensured the formation of healthy elite material in the Zlatka variety – 193.26 tons, Rosara 111.63 tons and Red Scarlett – 28.42 %. The yield of the seed fraction 35–60 mm reached 72 %.

The Far Eastern taiga is a real storehouse of honey, the honey virgin lands of the Far Eastern forests. Far Eastern melliferous vegetation, is distinguished by its unique and rich diversity, creates significant resources for honey collection. Bee honey is an amazing creation of bees and flowers, a wonderful gift of nature, which is a sweet and delicious natural delicacy. For the smell and taste of honey, they always surprise with their uniqueness. Honey has healing properties. Far Eastern forest lands are characterized by the presence of a large proportion of honey reserves. Honey plants here are lindens, willows, maples, as well as endemics: actinidia (Actinidia Lindl.), Amur velvet (Phellodendron amurense), Manchurian aralia (Aralia elata (Miq.) Seem.), dimorphant (Kalopanax Miq.), eleutherococcus (Eleutherococcus Maxim.). The purpose of the research was to determine honey productivity for further calculation of the number of bee colonies in forest areas. The results of the research showed that the yield of honey from one hectare of the area was 11.2 kg/ha. The area of the laid productive circle was 805 hectares. A certain possible honey harvest from forest areas with the presence of linden amounted to 31.7 kg/ha. The possibility of harvesting marketable honey made it possible to calculate the number of apiaries (3–4) and select forest areas for their optimal placement.

This article discusses the productivity of fodder crops obtained in the system of crop rotation and permanent cultivation for a long time (33 years) for the period from 1990 to 2022. The aim of the study is to establish the potential productive capacity of fodder crops cultivated for a long time in the system of sixfield crop rotations with different types of employed fallows and in monoculture on two backgrounds (fertilized, unfertilized) of soil nutrition in the conditions of the South Ural steppe. The objects of research are fodder crops (Sudanese grass, corn for silage, barley, peas, oats). The place of study was a stationary field experiment located in the Orenburg region (51.775125o N, 55.306547o E). Field crops were cultivated on two agrobackgrounds of nutrition – fertilized N40P80K40 and without fertilizers. The article describes the characteristic features of the weather conditions of 33 years of research, of which 10 correlate with desert conditions (HTC<0.4). The highest productivity of Sudanese grass was obtained in 1990 against the background of mineral fertilizers 6.23 thousand fodder units per 1 ha and unfertilized 5.73 thousand k.u. per 1 ha. Maize for silage cultivated in a crop rotation with prolonged action of a fallow occupied by an annual crop for the collection of fodder units in total over the years of research against the background of mineral fertilizers had a value of 108.52 thousand, for unfertilized – 106.16 thousand. units for the entire period of research amounted to 108.53 thousand on a fertilized background, 102.56 thousand on an unfertilized background. The yield of fodder products from 3 hectares of crop rotation area with soil-protective fallow was 259.80 thousand on a fertilized background, with green manure fallow 256.26 and 232 .49 thousand feed units, respectively, according to backgrounds. Growing corn for silage in permanent crops is the most highly productive option among those studied in the experiment. For 33 years of research on this option, 325.59         and 307.68 thousand feed units were obtained, respectively, on a fertilized and unfertilized background.

The goal of the work was to establish the influence of spring wheat precursors and preparations for pre-sowing seed treatment on the parasitic activity of Bipolaris sorokiniana and Fusarium fungi. The studies were conducted in 2021–2023 in the Ob region forest-steppe in the agricultural enterprise MZhK “Alvapharm” (LLC) in the Novosibirsk region on the Novosibirskaya 31 variety, we used generally accepted and proprietary methods. During the years of the study, spring wheat in all variants was affected by root rot above the threshold of harmfulness. The development of root rot reached 9.6 PV. The influence of the “year” factor on the development of root rot of seedlings was 42.2 %, the “treatment” factor was 21.4 %, and the “predecessor” factor was 8.8 %. The incidence of root rot in the phase of full ripeness on average over 3 years was minimal for the steam predecessor – 33.8 %, which is 7.3 % less than for winter rye. The strength of influence of the “predecessor” factor on disease incidence at the end of the growing season was 41.1 %, the “treatment” factor was 8.5 %, and the relationship between the “year” and “predecessor” factors was 38.1 %. Seed treatment showed average efficiency for all options: 47.1–59.4 % in the germination phase and 3.0–19.0 % in the full ripeness phase. The etiology of root rots was represented by Bipolaris sorokiniana Sacc. Shoem. and Fusarium Link. fungi. The ratio of phytopathogens on underground organs was determined by the conditions of the year, plant organs and precursors and ranged across variants from 0.8 : 1 to complete dominance of Fusarium fungi. The conditions of the year influenced the biological diversity of root rot micromycetes. On primary roots, the strength of the influence of year conditions on the biological diversity of phytopathogens was 48.2%, on the base of the stem – 60.7% and was significant at 5 and 1% significance levels, respectively. The soil suppressiveness to phytopathogens for all precursors was from moderate to strong and reached 83.3 % for B. sorokiniana and 78.0 % for F. oxysporum; phytosanitary precursors (fallow, vicooats) significantly increased the soil suppressiveness for phytopathogens compared to grain predecessor.

Analysis of grain production in Siberia reveals a clear discrepancy between the number of new varieties of grain crops (many dozens) and the almost complete absence of growth in the five-year average grain yield in the last two to three decades. The aim of the study was to compare the yield and grain quality of a modern intensive variety of spring wheat (Novosibirskaya 31) and an old (conditionally) extensive variety (Saratovskaya 29), released in Western Siberia more than 60 years ago. It is important to understand what valuable qualities the modern variety has acquired over such a long period of breeding. The varieties were compared under conditions of intensive cultivation technology with the application of increasing doses of nitrogen fertilizer (N30, N60, N90) against the background of a complex of plant protection products against pests, weeds, diseases and field-raising. The study was conducted in 2019-2020 in the Central forest-steppe of the Novosibirsk Ob region on old plowed chernozem leached. It was found that at the beginning of the dose range varieties did not differ significantly in responsiveness to nitrogen fertilizer, forming almost the same grain yields up to 3.7 t/ha. At higher doses of nitrogen fertilizer, the yield of Novosibirskaya 31 variety began to significantly outpace the Saratovskaya 29 variety, which was due to the lodging of plants of the latter, despite the use of retardant. The yield of 3.7 t/ha is 1.5–2.0 times higher than the actual yields received by most Siberian farms, so the use of potentially higheryielding varieties in this situation is of no practical importance. Nevertheless, from the scientific point of view, it is important to continue research on the opportunities available to breeders to increase the average annual yield of crops by adjusting plant genotypes in areas with limited heat and moisture resources.

The object of the study is the process of formation of the spring wheat harvest after sowing with seeds isolated at soaring speeds of 9, 10, 11 m/s. The purpose of the work is to improve the quality of seed material and spring wheat harvest based on pneumatic separation. During the research, using a Petkus K-293 laboratory pneumatic classifier, grain was separated into fractions at soaring speeds in the range of 9-11 m/s with a sampling step of 1 m/s. To determine the effect of seeds with different soaring speeds on the growth and development of plants, as well as on the yield and quality of the resulting grain, studies were carried out in the period from 2020 to 2023 on the basis of the educational and experimental agricultural station of the Altai State Agrarian University. The most common and zoned variety in the Altai region, the elite soft wheat variety Altai Zhnitsa, was chosen. Comparative sowings of spring wheat were carried out with fractions isolated at soaring speeds of 9, 10, 11 m/s. In the process of work, a qualitative and quantitative assessment of the seed material of spring wheat and its harvest was carried out, observations were also made of the phases of plant development during the growing season and the conditions of their growth. The main indicators of seed material are their specific gravity; during the processing of the results, a linear relationship between the specific gravity of seeds and their yield was observed. The technology of seed preparation by pneumatic classification can be introduced into production after additional clarifying studies on differentiating the seeding rate within one selected fraction.

The brine shrimp Artemia is the most common live food used in aquaculture worldwide. In order to manage the fishery of Artemia cysts bioresource it is necessary to determine their stocks, the value of which depends on the bioproductive characteristics of Artemia cysts. The article analyzes the inter-annual dynamics of Artemia cysts abundance, adult individuals of the brine shrimp and its different age stages in different phases of water availability in comparison with their average annual indicators in the main commercial lakes of the Altai Krai: Kulundinskoye, Kuchukskoye, Bolshoye Yarovoye and Maloye Yarovoye. Three or four generations of Artemia are observed in different types of the studied lakes during the vegetation period. It was revealed that Artemia life cycle has 3.7±1.4 generations on average. The length of sexually mature individuals was calculated in Kulundinskoye with average fecundity of females ranging from 16.0–94.0 specimens; in Kuchukskoye – 34.0–45.0; in Bolshoye Yarovoye – 26.6–134.4; in Maloye Yarovoye – 25.0–30.0 specimens. In lakes Kulundinskoye and Bolshoye Yarovoye, the structure of productive characteristics of female crustacean in the composition of thickshell cysts, thin-shell eggs, and live birth is shown. The share of the latter accounts on average from 1.5 to 9.4 %. The correlation coefficient between fecundity and water temperature was calculated – r = 0.80 (p < 0.05). The peculiarity of fecundity variation series on the example of female Artemia of Lake Kulundinskoe in transgressive and regressive phases of water content is shown. The trend of Artemia cysts stocks in hypergaline lakes up to 2030 is revealed.

The results of the analysis of genetic characteristics for 15 microsatellite loci of the modern population of Yakut cattle of the gene pool enterprise of the State Enterprise of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) “Yakut Cattle” are presented. Yakut aboriginal cattle, considered one of the unique local breeds in Russia, are represented by a small population. It is distinguished by exceptionally high frost resistance (down to –60 Cº), unpretentiousness to living conditions and tolerance to insufficient nutrition. A comparative assessment of the allele pool of Yakut cattle was carried out on subpopulations of 7 farms: “Sakkyryr” of the Eveno-Bytantaisky ulus, “Kylys” of the Gorny ulus, “Taastaakh” of the Namsky ulus, “Kullegi” of the Amginsky ulus, “Onkhoi” of the Verkhnevilyuysky ulus, “Akana” of the Nyurbinsky ulus and “ Symakh” Megino-Kangalassky ulus. In total, data on 898 heads of purebred Yakut cattle were analyzed. Based on the results of the analysis, it was established that in all 15 microsatellite loci of Yakut cattle, polymorphism of alleles is widespread from 3 to 10. The most polymorphic is the TGLA53 locus, which has 10 alleles, despite this the number of effective alleles in this locus is only 2.76. Allele 160 (0.534) occurs with the highest frequency at this locus, and 188 (0.009) with the lowest frequency. In loci BM1818, INRA023, the smallest number of alleles was found – 3. Of all the analyzed loci, allele 256 of the SPS115 locus is observed with the highest frequency with an occurrence frequency of 0.733. The rarest alleles occurred with a frequency of 0.002 and 0.004. On average, the number of alleles per locus of indigenous Yakut cattle was 5.91 ± 0.46, which indicates a fairly high consolidation of the population of local purebred Yakut cattle and the lowest genetic diversity of the existing population of local cattle compared to cultivated breeds. A total of 90 alleles were identified in the Yakut cattle population.

A review of publications is presented on the diversity of myostatin gene polymorphisms in farm animals. The quality indicators of animal carcasses largely depend on many factors, of which the genotype of the individual plays an important role. Myostatin (MSTN), or growth/differentiation factor 8 (GDF-8), is a protein member of the transforming growth factor (TGF-β) superfamily. The MSTN protein sequence includes a secretion signal sequence, a proteolytic processing site, and a carboxy-terminal region with a conserved pattern of nine cysteine residues. The main function of myostatin is to inhibit the growth of muscle fibers. Myostatin regulates muscle development at key moments in the intrauterine development process: proliferation of muscle precursors, proliferation and differentiation of myoblasts. Myostatin expression is most intense in skeletal muscle tissue. Many farm animals have mutations associated with decreased myostatin activity, of which the most pronounced example is double muscle in some beef cattle breeds. In general, mutations in the myostatin gene lead to a qualitative and quantitative increase in muscle mass in meat breeds of farm animals, as well as changes in other characteristics that depend on muscle mass, such as running speed in dogs and horses. The negative consequences of mutations in the myostatin gene include cancer, premature aging, dystrophy, etc., to prevent which heterozygotes are usually given preference in selection.

The article presents the results of studies on the architectonics surface pallium of the telencephalon in American minks of Standard dark brown genotype (+/+) of cage-keeping, domestic cats and silver-black foxes of cage-keeping. The studies were carried out at the Department of Obstetrics, Anatomy and Histology of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education of the Novosibirsk State Agrarian University and based on the experimental fur farm of the Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences during 2018-2023. Macroscopic examinations and morphometry of brain structures were performed during the study period. Brain sections and telencephalon pallium were found to share a common structure with other carnivorous mammals, but there are species differences in the architectonics of the pallium. The common sulcus in the animals studied were the s. presylvius, s. cruciatus, s. ansatus, s. coronalis, s. marginalis (sagittalis), s. suprasylvius, s. rhinalis lateralis, s. corporis callosi, s. splenialis, s. genualis and fissura pseudosylvia, and the gyrus – g. marginalis, g. precruciatus, g. postcruciatus, g. ectosylvius, g. olfactorius lateralis, g. olfactorius medialis, g. cinguli and g. genualis. In the American mink species-specific sulcus and gyrus include g. proreus, g. suprasylvius and g. coronalis, in the domestic cat – s. diagonalis, s. suprasplenialis and g. splenialis, and in the silver-black fox – s. postcruciatus, s. proreus (orbitalis), s. ectomarginalis, s. ectogenualis and g. ectogenualis. In addition, animals have species-specific subdivision of sulcus and gyrus, as well as the absence of some of them. The absolute brain mass in the American mink was 9.19±0.22 g, 28.65±0.78 g in the domestic cat, and 53.57±0.7 g in the silver-black fox. No differences were found between right and left hemisphere sizes.

In experimental conditions of the vivarium at the Department of Pharmacology and General Pathology of the Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology of Novosibirsk GAU the effect of the probiotic preparation Vetom 1 based on the microorganism Bacillus subtilis strain DSM 32424 with a concentration of the active component 106 CFU/g on egg production of Japanese quail was studied. The drug was applied in doses of 50, 75 and 100 mg/kg live body weight. The birds were kept in accordance with the European Convention for the Protection of Vertebrate Animals Used for Experiments or Other Scientific Purposes [1] and underwent a preliminary adaptation quarantine, which resulted in an egg-laying rate of 0.30±014 (σ² =4.58) in all experimental (experimental and intact groups). Under the action of probiotic Vetom 1 there is an increase in the proportion of egglaying females of Japanese quail, the changes have a direct dose-dependent character on the whole change of the dose spectrum. At application of the studied preparation there is a decrease in the level of variability of egg weight indicator in quails of experimental groups in comparison with statistically highly variable background indicators of the control group. The changes have a dose-dependent character. The use of probiotic preparation Vetom 1 reduces negative environmental factors (technological stress) impact on egg production of birds, synchronizing the frequency of egg-laying in experimental birds at different dosages of probiotic preparation application.

Health protection of aquacultured hydrobionts faces the problem of correcting immunodeficiency states of various genesis. Immunosuppression is associated with the development of opportunistic infections. In addition, the immuno-physiological status of farmed fish is directly related to fish production and, consequently, to the economic performance of aquaculture enterprises. The use of immune-correcting drugs in aquaculture is one of the new effective methods of controlling fish diseases. One such drug is Roncoleukin (recombinant interleukin-2), which provides the cellular component of adaptive immunity. Its use in fish farming has yielded positive results in sturgeon, carp and young salmon fish. In 2023 in the cold-water basin farm of IE Romanov (Leningrad Region) on three-year old Arctic char Salvelinus alpinus (Linnaeus, 1758) the effect of the preparation “Roncoleukin” on the indices of nonspecific immunity was evaluated. As a result of the experiment, the parameters characterizing the intensity of anti-infective immunity of fish bactericidal activity of blood serum, the level of C-reactive protein, the content of circulating nonspecific immune complexes and phagocytic activity of neutrophils were studied. The study showed a high level of bactericidal activity of blood serum in control and experimental fish and, as a consequence, the absence of immunodeficient individuals. The high index of neutrophil phagocytic activity in Arctic char fed Ronkoleikin indicates the stimulating effect of this drug on the mechanisms of cellular immunity. This indirectly confirms the higher content of immune complexes and the number of individuals with a positive level of C-reactive protein in the group of experimental fish.

The authors proposed and approved a new method of performance test for evaluating of dressage and jumping qualities of young horses on the farm and at the inter-farm level to assess the performance inclinations of sports horses. Since the early 1980s, a performance test system has been proposed which included horse’s demonstrating under the saddle with measure of stride length at walk and trot, trot and canter style, as well as assessing jumping performance by free jumping. The changes in the economic conditions of most stud farm, the emergence of a shortage of personnel, as well as greater attention to the welfare of animals, the using of 2-year-old animals under the saddle has been practically stopped. This has confronted science and practice with the task of developing a new system for assessing young animals, which would allow them to reliably identify and evaluate their capabilities with less organizational costs. Since 2005, within the framework of cooperation with the German Hanoverian Society, first on the basis of the Stud farm Elitar, and since 2016 in the Riding Complex Maxima Park, the new type of evaluating of young horses began to be carried out with the involvement of foreign experts. This allowed authors to accumulate significant experience and propose our own methodology for testing young animals in movements and free jumps. The system was tested as part of an interbreed comparison at the exhibition “Equestrian Russia”, as well as in breeding farms in the Budennovskaya (OJSC Stud Farm named after the First Horse Army) and Hannover (LLC Private Stud Farm “Weedern”).For the convenience of assessing performance during grading, new indicators were introduced the dressage index and the jumping index with the determination of the weighting coefficients of individual characteristics. During testing of the methodology, certain patterns were discovered that allowed us to conclude that it is possible to determine specialization and subsequent assignment at 2-3 years of age. In particular, correlations were found (p<0,01) between scores for gaits in a complex of motor indicators: walk-trot 0.46, walk-gallop 0.51, trot-gallop 0.58, in a complex of jumping qualities between jumping style and assessment gallop 0.31, jumping potential and gallop 0.35, between technique and potential – 0.88. The analysis also showed the presence of significant differences between horses of different breeds. No significant differences between colts and fillies was identified.

Artificial incubation of poultry eggs makes it possible to organize year-round production of poultry products, increase productivity and reduce the number of the parent flock of poultry. In studies on incubation eggs of the parent flock of hens of the Ross-308 cross that meet the existing standards, it was found that with different air humidity in the incubator, the efficiency indicators of biotechnology change embryo development, chick hatching and egg hatchability, incubation waste and the intensity of the withdrawal of conditioned young. The optimal humidity in the incubator was in the range of 52–54 %. In this mode, the development of embryos of the first category was at the level of 62.5 %, the hatch of young animals and the hatchability of eggs amounted to 88.5 and 89.4 %, respectively, incubation waste was 4.3–7.3 % lower compared with higher or lower humidity with high intensity of hatchling and profitability of the incubation process. Deviation from the established optimum of air humidity in the incubator is accompanied by deterioration in all studied indicators of broiler reproduction.

Monitoring hematological parameters in dairy herds is central to assessing animal health and welfare. The main parameters of peripheral blood were studied in healthy cows of Holstein, black-and-white and red breeds at the age of 30-60 days of the 2^nd lactation, raised in Western Siberia. Studies of erythrocyte, leukocyte and platelet parameters were carried out on a PCE 90Vet analyzer with smear microscopy for calculating the leukocyte formula. Standard methods of descriptive statistics or robust statistics were used. Intergroup comparisons were performed using one-way analysis of variance or the Krasker-Wallace test. Tukey or Dunn’s method was used for post hoc comparisons. When calculating reference intervals, we used the bootstrap method. The calculated average values of the erythrocyte, platelet and leukocyte components of the hemogram in most cases varied within physiological norms or were on the borderline. Animals of the Holstein breed had the most pronounced adaptive potential. Differences between breeds have been established in almost all studied indicators except the number of red blood cells, MCV, RDW, basophils, band neutrophils, and immunoreactivity index. Cows of the black-andwhite breed were characterized by the highest level of hematocrit (27.99 ± 0.31%), absolute number of eosinophils (Me = 0.207 ×109/l), platelets (279.5 ± 22.13 ×109/l), for red steppe hemoglobin (98.32±1.53 g/l), monocytes (0.29±0.01) and average platelet volume (6.42±0.08 fL). Certain reference intervals for the leukocyte profile of cows provide monitoring of health status, the ability to compare data with other breeds, and also allows for comparative monitoring between regions.

In selection and breeding work with cattle for dairy productivity, it is important to select the best individuals and their effective use in populations. The purpose of the study was to study the origin, genealogical affiliation, genotype and breeding value of sires from which cows with record productivity were obtained. The study was carried out on 15 sires fathers of 20 record-breaking cows of the black and white breed of breeding farms in the Vologda region. Based on the results of studying the origin of bulls from which cows with record productivity were obtained, it was found that out of 15 sires, 9 bulls were imported and 6 were obtained from breeding farms of the Russian Federation. Four bulls born in Russian breeding farms have one or both parents of foreign origin.

The majority (14) of the record-breaking fathers have from 94% to 100% Holstein blood in their genotype and belong to the genealogical lines of the Holstein selection. The genetic potential of the sires was realized by recordbreaking daughters by 101.9% 176.7%. Based on the results of calculating the selection differential, it was established that all bulls had a positive effect on the milk productivity of the studied offspring. Their daughters are superior in milk yield for the highest lactation of their mothers from 1052 kg to 9222 kg of milk. The study of the breeding value of bulls obtained from the results of a centralized assessment using the BLUP method showed that 12 out of 15 studied bulls fathers of record cows are improvers in terms of milk productivity. The study showed the significant contribution of foreign genetics to the production of highly productive animals in domestic herds. As a result of many years of breeding work, animals with high productivity potential have been created, which must be used to obtain competitive domestic breeding material.