The studies were carried out with the aim of assessing the preventive effect of treatment of remontant raspberries with strains of bacteria of the genus Bacillus against mycoses of aerial organs. The research was carried out during 2016–2018 while field experiments on production plantings of remontant raspberries of the agricultural artel “Sady Sibiri” (Novosibirsk region). Plants were treated in the budding phase and at the beginning of fruit filling by spraying the aboveground system with a working fluid containing a bioagent at a concentration of 1 · 104 CFU / ml. The presence of a protective preventive action of saprotrophic bacteria of the genus Bacillus of B. amyloliquefaciens strains VKPM B-10642, B. subtilis VKPM B-10641 and a mixed preparation Fitop 8.67 against gray rot of remontant raspberries with a biological efficiency of 40–46% under conditions of provocative background was revealed. In protection against purple spot and leaf septoria, the effect of strains B. amyloliquefaciens VKPM B-10642, B. subtilis VKPM B-10641, B. licheniformis VKPM B-10562 with a biological efficiency of up to 39–66% was proved. The formulation Fitop 8.67 reduced the level of development of purple spotting of stems by 1.2–1.6 times. Strains B. amyloliquefaciens VKPM B-10642, B. subtilis VKPM B-10641 and Fitop 8.67. The use of it is promising as an ecologically safe method for managing the phytosanitary state of plantations, exhibited an effective and stable protective effect against mycoses of the aerial organs of remontant raspberries.

It was found that in a meter-thick layer of chernozem leached in a pure bare fallow field crop rotation: bare fallow-wheat-wheat-wheat steam can accumulate up to 70 kg / ha of nitrate nitrogen, 50–70% of which is concentrated in a layer of 0–40 cm, and the supply of plants very high. The content and reserves of nitrogen in the layers 0–40 and 0–100 cm of soil in all variants of the experiment had a high direct relationship with the reserves of productive moisture, the correlation coefficients (r) were 0.88–0.99 and 0.84–0.98, respectively. Mineral fertilizers applied by various methods in the form of fertilizer with nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (Azofoska) at a dose of 43 kg a. s. / ha did not compensate for the nitrogen removal by spring wheat; their supply of plants at the end of the crop rotation remained very low. At the same time, 50–70% of its reserves were concentrated in the 0–40 cm soil layer. The greatest absorption of nitrogen by microorganisms in the arable soil layer occurred in the control, and mineral fertilizers reduced it by 2 times. Nitrogen deficiency in the soil on average for 3 years in the control was 30 kg / ha, and with the introduction of azophoska in rows, scattered and locally – 23; 10 and 9 kg / ha, respectively. The largest increase in wheat yield and payback of 1 kg of a. s. of mineral fertilizers with grain was obtained with spread and row application – 23 and 26% to the control and 10 and 11 kg / kg, respectively, the smallest – with local – 9% and 4 kg / kg.

The results of studies on the influence of the planting scheme and the mass of the planting tuber on the yield and quality of the artichoke fodder mass are presented. The field experiment was carried out in 2018–2019 at the educational and scientific experimental field of the Perm State Technical University. Research results show that planting artichoke according to the scheme 70 x 30 cm is optimal for obtaining the highest yield of dry matter – 4.09 t / ha, which is 0.62–0.65 t / ha higher than when using more rare schemes. This is due to an increase in the number of seedlings and a greater density of standing of plants before harvesting. Planting according to the 70x30 cm scheme was 3.9 pcs / m² . This is 0.7–1.4 pcs / m² more than planting 70x40 and 70 x 50 cm. The mass of the planting tuber does not affect the yield of green mass and dry matter of the crop. A higher net productivity of photosynthesis of crops is noted from the germination phase to the budding phase when planting 70 x 30 cm – 3.50 g / m² day. This is 0.26–0.31 3.50 g / m² day more than at more rare landing patterns. By the budding phase with this planting scheme, the plants reach the highest height – 138 cm. The growth of artichoke plants lasts until the flowering phase, during which the plant height reaches its maximum - 151-155 cm. The accumulation of vitamin C in the artichoke tubers does not depend on the planting scheme and weight planting tuber. The content of carotene in terms of the greater foliage of plants when planting 70 x 30 cm was 6.1 mg / kg, and when using tubers weighing 20– 40 and 41–60 g - 5.2–6.0 mg / kg.

One of the most important tasks of land monitoring is to control the content of gross and mobile forms of basic nutrients in soils. The phosphate-potassium regime of the soil depends not only on its type and the geochemical composition of the soil-forming rock, but also on the landscape and the level of chemicalization of the soil. The low content of phosphorus in the soil in the main area of agricultural land limits the productivity of agrocenoses. The reserves of potassium in the soils of the region are quite high. However, monitoring of this indicator is still important. A comparative assessment of the phosphate-potassium regime of arable land and virgin lands under the same soilforming process is of scientific and practical interest. According to the research results, it has been established that black soils have the highest reserves level of gross and mobile forms of phosphorus. Dark gray mountain-forest soils have the lowest one. A widespread decrease in the reserves of mobile phosphorus in agricultural soils was revealed. This tendency is especially pronounced in dark gray mountain forest soils, ordinary and southern black soils. According to the results of monitoring, it was revealed that the reserves of exchangeable potassium in the main area of arable land and virgin land are gradually increased. In the dark gray mountain-forest soils, as well as leached black soils for five rounds of the survey, the reserves of exchangeable potassium decreased. It is necessary to adjust the dose of fertilizers into the farms with updated information on the agrochemical properties of the soil, taking into account the content of phosphorus and potassium in the arable layer. Also it is of great importance to take into account their removal with the crop and the utilization rate of nutrients from the soil and fertilizers.

The scientific research of land resourceswhich develops the ways of organizing the effective use and protection of lands based on the ecological assessment of soils serve to create ecologically and economically balanced high-yielding and sustainable agricultural landscapes, maximally adapted to the local ecological situation. The soil bonitet scores of the studied territory were determined according to the results of analyzes and mathematical and statistical processing of data from soil-field and laboratory studies carried out in the Gusar-Gonagkend cadastral region in 2014–2016. Fund and literary soil materials have also influences the results. According to the methods of D.S. Bulgakov, G.Sh. Mamedova and S.Z. Mamedova special assessment scales for the compliance of soils with the ecological requirements of summer pastures, mesophytic forests, perennial plantations, grain and vegetable crops were developed. On the basis of these rating scales, an ecological assessment of the soils of the Gusar-Gonagkend cadastral region was carried out. The main limiting factors affecting soil fertility were determined, and the ecological scores of the soil subtypes of the study area were calculated. As a result of the research, it was found that the limiting factors for the soils of the high-mountainous zone of the Gusar-Gonagkend cadastral region are the steepness of slopes and soil fertility indicators; for soils of the mid-mountain zone - the steepness of slopes, the sum of active temperatures, pH values and particle size distribution; for the soils of the low-mountain zone - the amount of precipitation and indicators of soil fertility. The highest ecological points in the high-mountainous zone were obtained by mountain-meadow black soil-like soils (93 points), in the middle-mountain zone - mountain-forest brown typical (89 points), in the low-mountain zone - mountain-gray-brown dark and ordinary soils (93 points).

Comparative data on the quantity (yield) and quality (number) of long fiber obtained from flax of fiber flax varieties of foreign and domestic origin are presented during control developments using traditional technology at flax processing enterprises of the Russian Federation. A rating assessment of varieties according to these characteristics for flax trees of low (numbers 0.50–0.75) and higher quality (numbers 1.00 and higher) was carried out according to the existing gradation of division of flax trees into two qualitative groups. It was found that varieties of domestic origin, both in terms of long fiber yield (average index 14.6) and number (average index 15.6) from low-quality flax stands, are inferior to foreign varieties with average indexes of 12.2 and 11.8, respectively. Long fiber obtained from high-quality flax straw of domestic varieties is characterized by a high yield (average index 13.9) and better quality (average index 14.6). For foreign varieties, the average index is: for long fiber yield - 18.0, for number - 16.0. In order to determine the extent to which the potentialities inherent in the varieties in terms of the yield of long fiber are realized in production practice, a comparative analysis was carried out. The results are revealed by means of state test data and the results of control developments. An extremely low degree of implementation was noted. For the best varieties it is slightly more than 50%. A large yield of long fiber under production conditions was obtained from highquality flax trees of domestic breeding varieties, such as Alfa, Aleksim, Lenok, Tost, Sursky and Alexandrite.

The aim of this work is to determine the amino acid composition of the cultural filtrates of the flax anthracnose fungus Colletotrichum lini Manns et Bolley strains to adjust the concentration of the selective agent in the nutrient medium when creating new flax genotypes resistant to anthracnose in vitro. It was found that the cultural filtrates of strains 527 and 608 contain such amino acids as alanine, glycine, asparagine, cysteine, threonine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, as well as arginine in the highly virulent strain 527. The traces of tyrosine and lysine in the weakly virulent strain 608 were also found. On the day of cultivation, the supply of nutrients in the cultivation medium was apparently depleted, and the fungus began to use the products of its vital activity for life support. In the culture filtrate of the highly virulent strain 527, the concentration of all certain amino acids was significantly higher than in the culture filtrate of the weakly virulent strain 608. It was shown that the 23-day culture filtrate of the highly virulent strain 527 had the highest toxicity which is lower than in all genotypes taken in the study. The toxicity of the culture filtrate depends on the virulence of the anthracnose pathogen strain. The culture filtrate of a highly virulent strain is more toxic than a weakly virulent one. The presence of cysteine in the culture filtrates of the strains increases the possibility of inhibiting the growth and development of flax cells in in vitro culture. When using the culture filtrate of anthracnose pathogen strains containing asparagine, glutamine, serine, glycine, aspartic and glutamic acids, it is possible to induce the growth and development of flax cells in vitro. As the fungal mycelium grew in the culture filtrates, the concentrations of alanine, asparagine, glycine, aspartic and glutamic acids decreased. Due to the high concentration of cysteine and tyrosine, the culture filtrates of strains 419 and 639 were toxic during the entire study period (up to 42 days).

The studies were carried out with the aim of revealing histological reactions in the shoots of remontant raspberries as an aspect of the growth-stimulating effect of pre-planting treatment of the root system of seedlings with strains of saprotrophic bacteria of the genus Bacillus. The observations in the model experiment were carried out in 2017-2018 in the production plantings of remontant raspberries of the agricultural artel “Sady Sibiri” in the Novosibirsk Region. Plants were treated before planting by soaking the root system in a working fluid containing a bioagent at a concentration of 1×105 CFU / ml. In terms of the totality of growth-stimulating effects, the most effective complex effect on remontant raspberry plants was provided by pre-planting treatment with B subtilis strain VKPM B-10641 and a mixture preparation Fitop 8.67. The number of replacement shoots increased by 45–69%, the length of replacement shoots - by 16–20%, the amount internodes - 1.2 times relative to control. Under the influence of the same bacterial bioagents in the shoots of remontant raspberries, an increase in the thickness of the peridermis by 20–25% relative to the control, an increase in the number of peridermal layers by 12–35%, suberinized (matured) layers of the peridermis by 30–48%, and the thickness of xylem by 12 –22% was observed. B subtilis VKPM B-10641 strain and Fitop 8.67 influence raspberry plants, the regularity of simultaneous stimulation of growth processes in the replacement shoots and the formation of mature peridermis. So it acts as an immunological barrier against phytopathogens, pests and abiotic stress factors. So the research proved it.

Among spring grain crops, oats are one of the main crops in Siberia. Taking into account climatic factors and production demands, breeding for increased productivity and adaptability to local natural and climatic factors, resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses appears to be currently relevant. This is a key factor for a permanent increase in both yield and quality of agricultural products. The aim of the study is to determine the group of adaptive oat varieties by the content of crude fat in grain for introduction into production and inclusion in breeding programs. The studies were carried out in the conditions of the southern forest-steppe of the Omsk Region during 2013-2018. The indicator of the range of crude fat content according to V.A. Zykin (d), index of ecological plasticity according to D.I. Baranskiy (O), homeostaticity according to V.V. Khangildin (Hоm), an indicator of intensity according to R.A. Udachin (I), the relative stability of the trait N.A. Sobolev (St²), an indicator of the level of stability of the variety according to E.D. Nettevich (PUSS) were calculated. The final assessment of adaptability was based on the sum of the ranks. The minimum range of crude fat content was observed in varieties Irtysh 23 and Fakel (d = 1.87 and 2.97%). Cultivars Irtysh 23, Tarsky 2, Fakel, Sibirskiy Hercules and Sibirskiy golozerny differed in plasticity (O = 6.4–13.6) and homeostaticity (Hom = 0.82). The variety Irtysh 13 (Hom = 0.23) was also homeostatic. The stability of the trait according to N.A. Sobolev characterized all varieties (St² = 0.94–0.99), according to E.D. Nettevich – Irtysh 13, Irtysh 23, Pamyati Bogachkova and Fakel (PUSS = 193.4-305.5%). Having an assortment of estimated indicators of adaptive parameters, it is advisable to apply the ranking and conduct the final assessment according to the sum of the ranks received by each variety. The varieties Irtysh 23 and Fakel (∑ ranks = 23 and 25) and Sibirskiy Holozerny (∑ ranks = 26) are the most adaptive in terms of the content of crude fat in grain for the conditions of the southern forest-steppe of Western Siberia.

The data on the down productivity of the Altai white down breed and the Gorny Altai down breed of the Chuya type in breeding herds of the Altai Republic are presented. According to the valuation data for 2019, the amount of down from goats (male) was 1.50 - 1.55, from goats (female) - 0.70-0.74 kg. Down productivity meets the requirements of the breed standard, the content of down in relation to the awn is within 75%. The down is equalized in fineness.The density is estimated at 4 points. The live weight of goats (m) is 68-73, of goats (f) - 41-43 kg. In the studied BLG gene, 2 alleles and 3 genotypes were identified. The frequency of these alleles and genotypes in goats with gray and white down has some differences. White goats are characterized by a higher frequency of the S₁S₁ genotype (by 8.3–11.5%) and a lower frequency of the S₂ S₂ genotype (by 14.1–17.4%) in comparison with goats with gray down (P ≤ 0.05; P ≤ 0.01). Accordingly, in goats of the white down breed, a higher frequency of the S₁ allele (by 0.115-0.148) was revealed, and in goats with gray down, the S2 allele (by 0.115-0.148, P ≥ 0.01) in comparison with the alternative allele. The gene balance is not disturbed (χ₂ = 0.530 - 2.720). The immunogenetic characteristics of gray and white goats are given for 14 antigens. Goats of the Altai white downy breed and the Gorny Altai downy breed of the Chuya type have a similarity in antigens Bi, R, O₁, Da and a difference in the frequencies of antigens of blood groups Ab, Be, Bb, Bg, Ca. Herds of Altai white downy goats differ in frequencies Aa, Ab, Ca, Mb and O₁ . The genetic similarity index between herds of the Altai White Down breed is 0.985, between herds of different breeds - 0.947-0.948.

Herd horse breeding in Yakutia is developing mainly as a meat industry. Horses of the Yakut breed are characterized by high adaptive qualities to extreme environmental conditions, as well as good feeding and fattening ability. It has been shown that Yakut horses bred in the Vilyui zone (Western zone) have higher red blood counts: the number of erythrocytes is 11.7% and the hemoglobin level is 7.3% significantly higher (P <0.001) than those in horses in the Central Zone. However, the number of leukocytes in the blood of the horses of the Central zone was 5.4% higher than that of the horses of the Vilyui zone (the difference is not significant). Depending on the breeding zone, reliably significant differences were revealed in the leukogram: in horses of the Vilyui zone, the content of basophils is more than 2 times higher (P <0.01), segmented neutrophils - by 25.8% (P <0.001) than in horses from Central zone. It was found that in Yakut horses in winter, the total protein content is 25.19% higher than in spring (P <0.001). There are also significantly higher indicators for protein fractions: α₁ -globulin - by 29.95% (P <0.05), β- and γ_1,2-globulins - by 16.69 and 42.29; 40.2% (P <0.001), respectively, compared with those in the spring. Thus, the extreme natural and climatic conditions of Yakutia create extremely difficult conditions for the existence of the Yakut horse, especially in the winter period during the nursery, when the animals are on pasture of natural lands. At the same time, the activity of the immune system provides high adaptive qualities of the Yakut horse in the cold season.

The pharmacological correction of the mineral composition of animal nutrition has been substantiated. The analysis of the results of studies of fodder by veterinary laboratories of the Novosibirsk region for the period 2018–2019 was carried out. It has been established that in the production of animal fodder such crops as wheat, barley, oats, millet, corn, peas, and soybeans are used. Cereals make up about 85% of the compound fodder, legumes – 45%. It is noted that the mass fraction of moisture and dry matter in all types of animal fodder is within the permissible ranges of the norm. In winter cows are fed with hay, silage and mixed fodder. So protein deficiency (10.69 ± 0.35%) occurs for milk yield above 10 kg per day. The largest amount of crude protein is contained in the meal (36.48 ± 1.31%), the least is in silage (3.08 ± 0.12%). Crude fat is mainly contained in the millcake (9.68 ± 0.83%), and its minimum content is characterized by feed concentrates (0.49 ± 0.39%). Rough forage – hay and straw are rich in fiber (27.04 ± 0.58 and 36.87 ± 1.29%, respectively). A low level of calcium was found in fodder such as silage and grain used for feed purposes – 2.07 ± 0.11 and 2.22 ± 0.21 g / kg, respectively. Potassium deficiency was detected in compound animal fodder (2.75–3.03 g / kg), which requires correction of the diet. A low phosphorus content is noted in roughage, silage, grain (0.07–0.27%). The forage obtained during the ensiling process is provided with zinc at 8.02 ± 1.51 mg / kg, which is a low figure. The iron content in the compound feed is at an average level of supply – 40–50 mg / kg. Evaluation of the mineral composition of different types of feed showed the highest frequency of deviations in the amount of zinc – 42.5%. There are also significant fluctuations in the content of phosphorus and calcium in feed – 26.25 and 23.75%, respectively.

The effect of the complex vitamin-mineral preparation Hemobalance for the optimization of hematopoietic processes in animals during complex restorative therapy and the probiotic preparation Vetom 1, containing at least 1ˑ106 CFU / g of Bacillus subtillis microorganisms, strain DSM 32424, on the concentration of leukocytes and lymphocytes in the blood of Abyssinian cats was studied. 10 cats of the Abyssinian breed were involved in the study of this drug. They were kept at home, having the same diet as cats with liver and pancreas pathologies. The cats were divided into 2 groups (control and experimental), 5 animals each. The experimental group of cats was given the probiotic preparation Vetom 1 based on apathogenic bacilli at a dose of 50 mg / kg once a day every day for 30 days per os. Additionally, the cats of both groups were injected intramuscularly with the complex drug Hemobalance for 30 days at a dose of 0.25 ml. The study of hematological blood parameters was carried out on an automatic closed-type hematology analyzer Vet Auto Hematology Analyzer BC2800. In the course of our research, it was found that under the influence of the probiotic preparation Vetom 1, the concentration of blood leukocytes decreases within the physiological norm. Additional use of Hemobalance does not change this trend.

The results of studies of somatic chromosomal instability aneuploidy and polyploidy, the number of fragments and breaks in the blood cells of Holstein cows with a productivity of over 9000 kg are presented. The studies were carried out at JSC “Vaganovo” of the Promyshlennovskiy district of the Kemerovo Region on a population of Holstein cows. Sample preparation was carried out according to the method of P. Moorhead and co-authors, and their staining according to RomanovskyGiemsa. 2452 metaphase plates of cattle blood were studied. The ecological situation was analyzed in the zone of its keeping and breeding. Studies of soil, feed, organs and tissues in farm animals of various species confirm the fact that there are no heavy metal contamination on the territory of Western Siberia and their level is within the limits of sanitary standards. As a result of the study, the frequency of somatic chromosomal instability, including numerical violations and structural aberrations of chromosomes, was established. In the studied sample, the frequency of polyploidy was 0.74%, tetraploidy, triploidy and hexaploidy 0.41; 0.25 and 0.08%, respectively. The frequency of fragments and breaks was approximately the same - 3.83 and 2.91%, respectively. The overall level of chromosome aberrations was 6.75%. The number of diploid cells was 84.25%. Due to the paucity of data on the somatic chromosomal instability of the Holstein breed in Kuzbass conditions, the data obtained can be preliminarily considered as normal values, and also used in assessing the interior of animals.

Altai Region has always been and remains a region of developed animal husbandry. Velvet antler industry is an integral part of it. It specializes in the breeding of marals and sika deer. One of the main problems encountered in maral breeding is the infection of animals with helminths. The resistance of helminths to various environmental conditions without loss of invasiveness, as well as anthelmintic treatments is carried out, as a rule, with the same drugs from the group of macrocyclic lactones. They do not have a sufficient destructive effect on the causative agents of parasitic diseases (in particular, on trematodes) and promote helminths circulation and their distribution. In this regard, we set a goal: to analyze the epizootic situation in terms of trematodes of marals in the farms of the Altai Region and to study the effectiveness of the antiparasitic action of the drug Santel 10%. In the course of clarifying the epizootic situation on trematodosis of marals in the main maral breeding areas of the Altai Region, it was established that this group is currently represented by the causative agent of dicroceliosis. In general, over the period of research, the invasion of marals by the causative agent of dicroceliosis tended to slightly decrease in terms of the extent of invasion - by 20%. An experiment in the study of the anti-trematode efficacy of the drug Santel 10% by OOO VIK-Animal Health (Russia), was carried out on stag beetles in the Altai Territory of the Altai Region. As a result of production experience on the use of the drug Santel 10% on spontaneously infested marals, it was revealed that the drug is effective against dicrocelia, in particular, in terms of intensity efficiency, which was 84.5% with an intensity efficiency of 40%.

This publication presents the results of the analysis of the dynamics of changes in the largefruited indicators of the breeding group of minipigs of the ICG SB RAS. The analysis showed that the four large-copious indicators are divided into two pairs. The first pair is made up of sample values of the characteristic: average and maximum. These indicators are characterized by stability throughout the studied period. The second pair includes the sample minimum values and standard deviations of the trait. These two indicators are dynamic: the sample minimum values are characterized by a decrease, and the sample standard deviations are characterized by a uniform increase, described by linear regression equations. It is shown that the dynamic characteristics are related to each other. It is determined that in this complex, the leader is the minimum value, and the follower is the standard deviation. This is explained by the fact that an increase in the standard deviation is associated with a decrease in the minimum value and the stability of the maximum in the studied period of time. The result of this process is the growth of the genetic potential in the breeding group, which is responsible for the high weight of the newborn individual. However, due to the small size of sows in comparison with commercial breeds (60-70 kg), this potential cannot be realized. Nevertheless, its redundancy ensures the stabilization of the maximum and average values of the trait - the mass of a newborn individual in minipigs of the ICG SB RAS. A possible way to increase the realization of the potential of large-copious breeding group is to reduce the multiple fertility of sows, which is quite solvable, but hardly advisable. Thus there is natural selection directed against individuals with a low birth weight in the herd. Natural and artificial selection for live weight of piglets at birth of 700 g or more, both help to stabilize the average value of the trait at the level optimal for the broodstock.

This publication presents the results of the analysis of the dynamics of changes in the largefruited indicators of the breeding group of minipigs of the ICG SB RAS. The analysis showed that the four large-copious indicators are divided into two pairs. The first pair is made up of sample values of the characteristic: average and maximum. These indicators are characterized by stability throughout the studied period. The second pair includes the sample minimum values and standard deviations of the trait. These two indicators are dynamic: the sample minimum values are characterized by a decrease, and the sample standard deviations are characterized by a uniform increase, described by linear regression equations. It is shown that the dynamic characteristics are related to each other. It is determined that in this complex, the leader is the minimum value, and the follower is the standard deviation. This is explained by the fact that an increase in the standard deviation is associated with a decrease in the minimum value and the stability of the maximum in the studied period of time. The result of this process is the growth of the genetic potential in the breeding group, which is responsible for the high weight of the newborn individual. However, due to the small size of sows in comparison with commercial breeds (60-70 kg), this potential cannot be realized. Nevertheless, its redundancy ensures the stabilization of the maximum and average values of the trait - the mass of a newborn individual in minipigs of the ICG SB RAS. A possible way to increase the realization of the potential of large-copious breeding group is to reduce the multiple fertility of sows, which is quite solvable, but hardly advisable. Thus there is natural selection directed against individuals with a low birth weight in the herd. Natural and artificial selection for live weight of piglets at birth of 700 g or more, both help to stabilize the average value of the trait at the level optimal for the broodstock.