Soil-ecological monitoring is a scientific information system for monitoring changes in soil cover, assessing the state of soils, and predicting the impact of natural and anthropogenic factors on them. This monitoring shows the results of undesirable regional and global changes in soil cover and landscape and anthropogenic changes over time. Therefore it is important to study the change in the state of land used for crops in the Mugan Desert, where intensive farming is used and to make timely proposals to resolve these changes. The Mugan Desert is located in the southeastern part of the Kura-Araz lowland. The total area of the Mugan Desert is 455,332.5 ha. The main soils are gray-brown, sierozem-meadow, meadow-sierozem, bog-meadow, and alluvial-meadow soils, which are occupied by crops. These soils were the objects of study of the authors. Soil-ecological monitoring was carried out according to the method of G.V. Dobrovolsky and other scientists. Laboratory analyzes, which were taken from soil samples, were carried out according to generally accepted methods. The authors also collected and processed soil data from stock and literary materials of the period from 1980 to 1985 and the present. The authors found that in three of the four studied soil types over 40 years, an increase in crop-producing power was observed in one - it decreased. The content of humus in gray-brown soils increased by 0.20%, meadow-sierozem - by 0.14%, sierozem-meadow - by 0.12%, and in alluvial-meadow soils the content of humus decreased by 0.17%, nitrogen - by 0.02%, phosphorus - by 0.02%. Based on the analysis, the authors compiled a soil salinity map of the Mugan steppe (M 1: 100,000) and determined that alluvial-meadow soils were mainly subjected to low salinity (+0.19%), gray-brown - medium (+0.29%), meadow-sierozem (+0.67%) and sierozem-meadow soils (+0.44%) - to strong salinity. As a result of comparing our data on soil salinity in the study area with the data of G.Sh. Mamedov (2000), the authors found that the area of saline lands in the Mugan Desert increased from 33.9% to 66.1%, of which the area of weakly saline soils decreased from 24.24% to 10.58%, of moderately saline soils increased from 9.68% to 15.6, and highly saline also increased from 5.33% to 36.4%.

Organic fertilizers based on chicken manure have a diverse composition of basic nutrients and microelements, which is their advantage over mineral fertilizers. The introduction of organic fertilizers obtained based on chicken manure improves the biological activity of the soil. The study aims to determine the effectiveness of using bird droppings as an organic fertilizer to conserve soil bioresources and increase soybean productivity. In the course of the work, the authors tested new organic fertilizers based on chicken manure obtained using a cavitationvortex heat generator by processing semi-dry manure. Their influence on soil microbiological indicators, growth, development, and biometric characteristics of soybean plants, phytosanitary condition of crops, productivity, and product quality was revealed. The authors also found that fertilizers based on chicken manure help to improve the microbiological characteristics of the soil, which increases the availability of nutrients for plants. The authors note a change in the number of mycomycetes at the beginning of the growing season: a decrease of 68% with the use of Preparation 1 and an increase of 35.6% with the use of nitrogen fertilizers. Pre-sowing introduction of preparations into the soil and processing during the growing season activate the vegetative development of plants and contribute to an increase in the yield of green mass and grain. The greatest effect was obtained when preparation 2 was applied under soybean. The increase in soybean grain yield was 0.2–0.3 t/ha or 8–14% of the control. The authors also found that treatment with drugs improves the structural parameters of soybean plants: the number of beans per plant increases by 6–8%; by 18–23% - the mass of grains from one plant; the safety of plants for harvesting increases by 2–4%.

The transformation issue of water and land use in irrigated agriculture in Siberian regions remains insufficiently studied. The study of this issue, especially over a long period, is very relevant. From 1990 to 2020 the area of irrigated land in Siberia decreased from 526 thousand hectares to 334 thousand hectares. In some subjects of the federation, the irrigation area decreased by 2-2.5 times in the Republic of Khakassia, and in the Novosibirsk region, it decreased slightly. In 1990, 15.9 thousand hectares of irrigated land (i.e., 3% of all irrigated land) were not used in agricultural production largely due to soil salinization and waterlogging. In 2020, there were 6.8 thousand hectares of such land. It is necessary to increase the share of fodder crops in irrigated crop rotations to improve soil fertility as well as to increase the production of fodder and livestock products. Due to the write-off of the worst lands in some regions (Republic of Tyva, Tomsk region), there is an increase in the share of lands with a good reclamation condition and a decrease in the share of lands with an unsatisfactory condition. In general, the share of lands with the good ameliorative condition in the Siberian District has noticeably decreased, especially from 2010 to 2020. Lands equipped with a collector-drainage network are available only in the Altai Territory and the Omsk Region. The area requiring capital work to improve the technical level of irrigation systems has sharply increased (from 10–25% in 1990 to 80–90% in some regions in 2020). The authors found that the area of actually irrigated lands in Siberia progressively decreased from 461 000 hectares in 1990 to 64 000 hectares in 2020. The number of sprinkling machines and installations decreased by 17 times, and the volume of water consumption – by ten times. In recent years state support for entities engaged in mining on reclaimed lands has been strengthened.

In 2020–2021, it was studied the growth-stimulating and fungicidal effect of a biological preparation on tomato in conditions of protected ground of Western Siberia. As a result, it was found that the biological product AFG (NPO AGRO-FIT LLC) based on bacteria of the genus Bacillus has a fungicidal effect on tomato alternariosis, and also contributes to an increase in fruit weight by 1.7 times. Analysis of the quality of commercial products and, particularly, the content of sugars, total acidity, vitamin C and dry matter in the tomato fruits of protected ground showed that the application of a biological product affects their accumulation. In tomatoes treated with AFG, it occurs a more intensive accumulation of ascorbic acid, which may indicate an increase in plant immunity, in particular, against bacterial and fungal infections. By following the seeding rate of 3 kg / 1 ha, the cost of a biological product applied for seed material processing was 2.07 rubles / 1 ha, which, in comparison with the yield results and the assessment of other indicators, shows a high economic efficiency of the biological product compared to mineral fertilizers and similar preparations. When using the biological preparation AFG, the yield of tomato variety Devchata increased by 21.65-21.67 % compared to the control. Consequently, cash proceeds increase: in the summer-autumn turnover, with an average tomato price of 80 rubles / kg, it will amount to 4,880,000 rubles from 1 ha, and in winter turnover (170 rubles / kg) - 10,710,000 rubles. The profitability of production will remain at the level of 25-32 %, which indicates the high economic efficiency of the proposed technology for greenhouse tomato growing.

The solution to many national economic problems to a certain extent depends on the rational use of soil resources. Their qualitative and quantitative accounting is the basis for the economic evaluation of the land as a result of which it is possible to provide an objective basis for solving the issues of rational use of land on the most comprehensive and wide scale. A qualitative assessment of agricultural land is relevant and necessary for the dry-steppe Ganja-Kazakh zone with intensive agricultural production and unstable natural landscape complexes. The authors conducted soil and field studies to solve the problem in 2018–2020. The authors also laid 32 soil profiles and conducted laboratory analyzes of soil samples taken from them. In the course of the study, soil data were collected and processed from stock materials. The authors of the article conducted a qualitative assessment of the lands of the Ganja-Kazakh cadastral region and compiled the main scale of their bonitet based on the methodological recommendations of I.I. Karmanova, F. Ya. Gavrilyuk, G.Sh. Mammadov. As a standard, mountain brown soils were taken, relative to which the ranking of the yield of other lands was made. The authors used correction factors for the degree of salinity, alkalinity, erosion, and the level of soil cultivation to calculate the quality score of soil varieties. The main, detailed, and final bonitet scales were compiled, and the weighted average scores and the coefficient of comparative dignity of the land quality of a given territory were calculated. According to the results of calculations, the authors found that the dark gray-brown soils of the Ganja-Kazakh cadastral region have the highest level of crop-producing power which is estimated at 93 points, and alluvial-meadow-forest soils are among the soils with the lowest level of crop-producing power - 33 points. The weighted average quality score of the lands in this area was 59 points.

In the article, the authors showed the effectiveness of bacterization of winter barley variety Basalt with a complex microbial preparation BakSib. The authors used a semi-dry method of seed treatment (10 l/t of working solution) and a single treatment of vegetative plants on the southern chernozem together with chemical pesticides and without them. After treatment with the drug was observed: 1) a decrease in the number of microscopic fungi in the soil up to 3 times in the tillering phase and by 21% in the full ripeness phase in comparison with the control; 2) an increase in the number of ammonifiers from 44 to 81.4%; 3) an increase in the number of bacteria that assimilate mineral nitrogen from 79 to 116%. The authors revealed the stimulating effect of BakSib on the height of barley plants in all growth phases by 7.9–13.3% compared to the control. The yield of barley increased to 9%, and the number of grains per ear increased by 9.6% compared to the control and by 6.4% when comparing the full technology of plant protection of the farm and additional bacterization with BakSib. The authors also determined the compatibility of BakSib with the insecticide Clothianidin Pro (clothianidin 350 g/l) and the fungicide Sphinx (tebuconazole 60 g/l) for seed dressing. During the study, the authors found that under the action of chemical protectants, the initial titer of the biological product (10¹⁰–10¹² cells) is reduced by 3-4 times. The maximum decrease noted for individual groups of Baksiba microorganisms is two orders of magnitude. The drug contributed to a prolonged increase in copiotrophic bacteria in the southern chernozem and replenishment of its nitrogen fund during the heading period, which is important for grain productivity due to increased mineralization of organic residues in the soil.

In the article, the authors present data on the yield of spring wheat varieties based on the results of their testing on a fallow predecessor in the conditions of the northern forest-steppe zone of the Tyumen region for 2019–2021. The study aims to comprehensively assessment of mid-early and mid-season varieties of spring wheat based on their ranking in terms of yield and adaptability parameters. The authors note a significant variation in the index of environmental conditions during the years of variety testing. The highest average yield was noted in the varieties Tyumenskaya 25 (mid-early, 47.7 c/ha) and KVS Akvilon (mid-ripening, 47.8 c/ha). The stress resistance index is low in all varieties and mid-season ones especially. All varieties were characterized by significant yield variability - from 21.0 (Novosibirskaya 15) to 28.7% (KVS Akvilon). Strong responsiveness to changing conditions was found in varieties Tyumenskaya 25 (bi = 1.25) and KVS Akvilon (bi = 1.21). These varieties are intense. Most varieties with a regression coefficient equal to or close to one were characterized as plastic and classified as semi-intensive. The level of yield stability of varieties is low. The best varieties in this parameter were Ekaterina (Ist = 1.91) and Ikar (Ist = 1.93). The varieties Tyumenskaya 25 (OAS = 4.1) and KVS Akvilon (OAS = 2.2) were characterized by the highest general adaptive ability. According to the sum of the ranks assessing the parameters of productivity and adaptability, the varieties Tyumenskaya 25 and Ekaterina were recognized as the best in the group of mid-early varieties (the sum of ranks, respectively, 17) and the group of mid-ripening varieties, KVS Akvilon (the sum of ranks, 17).

Yeast production is one of the cost-effective ways to solve the problem of protein deficiency in food and feed. They are grown on nutrient media of various origins and compositions. Perennial non-traditional plants are promising in this regard. One of the industrial crops widely used in biotechnology, agriculture, medicine, food industry, etc., is Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus), including the variety Interest. The authors determined the chemical composition of Jerusalem artichoke tubers in the air-dry state. Data analysis showed that Jerusalem artichoke tubers have a rich composition and are a suitable raw material for nutrient media preparation. The nutrient medium was prepared by heat treatment. Yeast cultivation was carried out at a temperature of 37°C, pH 4.5. The yeast strain Saccharomyces cerevisiae was used as a producer of unicellular protein. The main component of the nutrient medium is Jerusalem artichoke. During cultivation, the dynamics of changes in the number of cells and accumulation of their biomass were studied. The increase in yeast biomass was 21 g/l, and the number of CFU was 450 million/ml. Active assimilation of sugars by yeast occurs from the first hour after the start of cultivation and stops by the ninth hour. Incomplete assimilation of sugars is associated with the accumulation of metabolic products in the environment, which significantly affects their activity. The obtained research results indicate the balance of the substrate in terms of nutritional components, as well as the expediency of its use for the cultivation of different types of yeast.

Marek’s disease virus is ubiquitous and can harm not only poultry, but also be oncogenic for humans. VBM and malignant tumors induced by them are a convenient and accessible natural model for studying herpesvirus-associated carcinogenesis. To date, according to our observations, there are additional risks of human infection with the Marek’s disease virus - the disease began to appear in broiler chickens 30 days and older, i.e. contact with poultry meat carries a risk of infection. In addition, COVID-19 disease may be accompanied by folic acid deficiency, i.e. a violation of the folate cycle in humans, which increases the risk of manifestation of diseases associated with DNA viruses, since a violation of the folate cycle can reduce the activity of DNA methylation, incl. viral DNA. Methylation is carried out enzymatically in the first minutes after DNA replication, i.e. postreplicatively. Since the DNA nucleotide sequence does not change, methylation is essentially an epigenetic event. We have studied the relationship between the methylation of promoters of the Marek’s disease virus and the copy number of the virus. The assessment of the presence or absence of methylation, as well as partial methylation, was carried out on the basis of identifying the difference between the threshold cycles dC(t). The presence of unmethylated sites included in the studied promoter sequence was detected on the basis of the ability of methylsensitive restrictases AciI and GlaI. A correlation was found between the concentration of genomic DNA of the Marek’s disease virus serotype 1 strain CVI 988 in cell culture and the presence of demethylated CpG islands in the composition of promoters located at position 9413-9865 bp. and 127943 - 128193 b.p. genomic DNA of the virus. The data obtained make it possible to explain the mechanism of the increase in the pathogenicity of herpesvirus infections under conditions of a decrease in the activity of viral DNA methylation in the body.

In the article, the authors presented information on the effect of heat stress on cows in the dry and postpartum periods. The study aims to study clinical and metabolic manifestations of heat stress in dry and fresh cows. The object of the study is cows of the early and late dry periods and new calves. The authors assessed the parameters of the microclimate of livestock premises, clinical examination of cattle, and blood sampling for hematological and biochemical studies. The authors also calculated the leukocyte index of intoxication, the shift index of blood leukocytes, and the lymphocytic index. Animals were found to have worsened general conditions, weakness, and reduced feed intake during the medical examination. An increase in body temperature (39.42±0.55 °C), tachypnea (86.45±8.04 resp.), and tachycardia (127.65±3.66 bpm) were also revealed. A hematological study revealed a decrease in the absolute number of lymphocytes and a shift in the indicators of the leukocyte formula. According to the results of the assessment of the lymphocytic index in cows during the dry period, the ratio of humoral and cellular immunity was balanced, and in new calves, an imbalance was observed. Biochemical screening of the blood serum of cows under conditions of heat stress showed significant changes in the metabolic profile against the background of a general decrease in feed intake. The content of total protein and globulins in the blood serum in the first days after calving was 68.36±3.48 (p≤0.01) and 35.36±3.89 g/l (p≤0.01), which is 16 .0 and 33.0% lower than in cows of the early dry period. Glucose and cholesterol levels progressively decreased after starting, reaching a minimum in the postpartum period (glucose - 3.14±0.59, total cholesterol - 2.18±0.55 mmol/l (p≤0.01)). The content of urea in the blood of animals increased significantly, reaching a maximum in the first days after calving - 7.44±1.48 mmol/l (p≤0.01). The authors also found an increase in the content of total bilirubin, aspartate aminotransferase, and creatine phosphokinase. Thus, heat stress leads to changes in the clinical and metabolic status of highly productive cows.

In the article, the authors presented the results of assessing the level of manganese in the skeletal muscles, liver, kidneys, and bristles of Landrace pigs. The studies were performed on clinically healthy six-monthold animals from a large pig farm in the Altai Territory. The conditions of keeping the animals corresponded to the standard ones, the feeding was typical for meat fattening. Elemental analysis of samples of parenchymal organs and muscle tissue was performed using atomic absorption spectrometry with flame and electrothermal atomization, bristles - by atomic emission spectrometry with inductively coupled plasma. Data processing was performed using Microsoft Office Excel and the R programming language in the data analysis environment RStudio version 1.3.1093 (2009–2020 RStudio, PBC). The authors found that the distribution in all cases was normal, and the dispersions are not homogeneous. Based on the average value and median, an increasing ranked series of manganese content in organs and tissues were established: skeletal muscles < kidneys < liver < bristles, in numerical terms: 1: 12.5: 15.7: 207. Manganese levels in skeletal muscles, kidneys, liver, and bristles were 0.13; 1.62; 2.04, and 26.91 mg/kg, respectively. Greater homogeneity is characteristic of the accumulation of microelements in the muscles and kidneys. Based on the Kruskal-Wallis test, it was established that the accumulation of manganese differs in the examined organs and tissues of pigs (H = 88.4, df = 3, p < 0.0001). Pairwise comparison showed significant differences for all pairs, except for the liver-kidney pair. Based on the cluster analysis, the closest results are typical for the liver and kidneys; the bristle is a separate opposite cluster, characterized by a significant level of manganese accumulation. The results obtained can serve as a preliminary corresponding physiological norm for the concentration of manganese in individual organs, tissues, and skin derivatives of Landrace pigs under the conditions of Western Siberia.

It is necessary to know the etiological structure of diseases in each region of the country that affects a particular animal species for successful prevention and diagnosis of natural focal diseases, in particular leptospirosis. In this paper, the authors presented research materials on the distribution and etiological structure of pathogenic leptospirosis circulating in the populations of farm animals in Yakutia. Currently, 8 unfavorable points for animal leptospirosis have been registered in Yakutia: two cattle and six horses. A comparative analysis of the etiological structure of leptospirosis in agricultural animals (cattle, horses) testifies to the diversity of leptospira serological groups circulating in the republic. Thus 7 serogroups are registered in cattle, among which the leptospira serogroups Icterohaemorrahagiae (36.0%) and Grippotyphosa (27.1%) dominate. Infection of animals averages 3.2%, in the central zone, where about 63% of the total livestock in the region is concentrated, the level of infection of livestock in the districts of the zone ranges from 0.14 to 8.58%. The highest infection rate of animals is observed in Gorny (8.58%), Namsky (2.26%), and Yakutsk (1.35%) regions. In this zone, circulation of 6 leptospira serogroups is recorded: Grippotyphosa (30.8%), Icterohaemorrahagiae (29.0%) and Tarassovi (27.1%), to a lesser extent Canicola (7.5%), Pomona (3.7%) and Sejroe (1.9%). It should be noted that no Leptospira Hebdomadis were found in cattle in the Central Zone. In Yakut horses, 6 serogroups were identified, among which the leptospira serogroups Hebdomadis (31.5%) and Tarassovi (28.7%) dominate. In the Central zone, where the main number of horses in the region (61.1%) is concentrated the infection rate of animals is an average of 3.2%. The level of infection of horses in the districts of the zone ranges from 0.15 to 8.62%. The highest infection rate of horses is recorded in the horse breeding farms of Gorny (8.62%), Kobyaisky (8.59%), Tattinsky (6.17%), and Churapchinsky (5.74%) districts. It should be noted that L. Pomona does not occur in horses.

In recent years, the demand for organic products has increased on the world market, including environmentally friendly and healthy beekeeping bioproducts. Organic beekeeping currently exists in 60 countries around the world. In our country, there are vast territories for creating apiaries of a new topical direction. These territories are located north of the Trans-Siberian Railway from the right bank of the Irtysh to the left bank of the Ob - these are the Vasyugan swamps. Administratively, Vasyuganye unites the Omsk, Tomsk, and Novosibirsk regions. This territory is located in the wind rose, where the air masses of cities with industrial gases bypass it. Therefore, bee products collected by bees do not contain harmful elements. At present almost no one lives here and does not engage in agriculture. As a result of a survey of the natural forage base of the Vasyugan swamps, the authors discovered the most important honey plants and perganos. These are common coltsfoot, soft fluffy lungwort, marsh marigold, medicinal dandelion, late dandelion, Asian bathing suit, willows, warty birch, fluffy birch, ivy-like budra, bird cherry, white clover, black currant, yellow acacia, Siberian snakehead, chistets swamp, forest kupyr, mouse peas, thin-leaved peas, meadow geranium, forest geranium, forest raspberry, dissected cow parsnip, forest angelica, common goutweed, wild parsnip, common serpukha, field bodyak. Thus, this area is a rich pasture for bees. The authors recommend sowing wastelands with yellow sweet clover (Melilotus officinalis L.) and white sweet clover (Melilotus albus Medik.) if it is expedient to organize apiaries in Vasyuganye. This area will always be well visited by bees and provide honey collection from 5 to 10 kg per day for several years.

It is necessary to assess the state of nitrogen metabolism to deepen control over the usefulness of feeding cattle and ensure prompt response to nutritional imbalances and diet adjustments. Nitrogen balance is a key indicator of cattle metabolism. The authors presented the results of determining the content and variability of indicators of nitrogen metabolism in Holstein cattle in Western Siberia. The object of the study was the bulls of the Holstein breed, obtained from four sires in the conditions of industrial livestock enterprises in the West Siberian region. The authors also studied the main indicators of protein and non-protein nitrogen metabolism (using Vector-Best reagent kits): total protein, albumin, globulin, urea, creatinine, and uric acid. It was found that the indicators of total protein, albumin, globulins, urea, and uric acid were within the generally accepted boundaries of the physiological norm for cattle. However, the albumin-globulin coefficient was below the norm, and the creatinine level was above the physiological norm. The content of urea and creatinine and the albuminglobulin coefficient were characterized by the highest rates of variability, which indicates the heterogeneity of this population sample of Holstein cattle in terms of the peculiarities of the course of protein metabolism. The authors did not reveal statistically significant intergroup differences in the content of total protein (p = 0.67), albumin (p = 0.23), globulins (p = 0.87), albumin-globulin coefficient (p = 0.96) and urinary acids (p = 0.31) using the Kruskal-Wallis test. However, the authors established the influence of the father on the level of urea (p = 0.049) and creatinine (p = 0.042) in the blood serum of the offspring. The analysis of the protein gram and the level of uric acid in the blood serum of the offspring did not reveal significant differences in the influence of the father while differences were established in the level of end products of protein metabolism - urea and creatinine.

In the article, the author presented the effectiveness of the use of the probiotic preparation Plantarum in feeding goats of the dairy direction of productivity. The scientific and economic experiment was carried out in the conditions of LLC K (F) X “EcoFarm” Zudilovo Pervomaisky district of the Altai Territory on crossbred goats of the Saanen breed. For the experiment, four groups of female goats were formed, 20 heads each. Animals of the 1st (control) group received the main economic diet, balanced in nutrients and energy. In the diet of goats of the experimental groups in the second half of pregnancy, an experimental probiotic preparation Plantarum was additionally introduced (developed by the FSBSI «Federal Altai Scientific Center for Agrobiotechnologies» department of Siberian Research Institute of Cheese Making (SibNIIS)) at doses of 0.4 ml/kg of body weight per day for the 2nd group, 0.6 - for the 3rd group and 0.8 for the 4th. The author found that feeding of the probiotic preparation Plantarum had a positive effect on the physiological state of the experimental animals. Thus, in goats of the experimental groups, compared with the control group, a higher content of hemoglobin was noted - by 0.9 - 5.5% (p≤0.05) and erythrocytes - by 3.8-15.2% (p≤0.05 ). When analyzing the biochemical parameters of the blood of goats of the experimental groups, there was a tendency to increase the total calcium and inorganic phosphate content. Along with this, during the experiment, a positive effect of the probiotic preparation “Plantarum” on the milk productivity of experimental animals was established, which was expressed in an increase, relative to control, in gross and average daily milk yield by 0.02 - 3.27%. The use of the probiotic did not have a significant effect on the fertility of goats, but it affected the safety of their offspring, increasing it by 3.0–6.3%. The expediency of using the probiotic preparation Plantarum in the diets of goats at doses of 0.6 and 0.8 ml/kg of body weight per day is justified by cost-effectiveness calculations.

The morphology of the aortic arch and its branches deserves special attention. The branches of the aortic arch have a different sequence and sometimes different patterns of discharge depending on the type of animal. All mammals have a left aortic arch that emerges from the left ventricle of the heart. The remnant of the right aortic arch is the right subclavian artery, which may originate from the brachiocephalic artery, brachiocephalic trunk, or independently from the aortic arch. The use of computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, and angiography with intravenous contrast agents as methods of visual diagnostics requires a clear knowledge of the variational morphology of the aortic arch, taking into account breed characteristics. The study aims to study the morphology of the aortic arch and its branches in Maine Coon cats and to determine their morphometric characteristics. The material for the study was the corpses of Maine Coon cats. The authors studied only five animals (two females and three males). The authors chose fine anatomical dissection of latex-injected arteries and morphometry as research methods. The study found that in Maine Coon cats, the brachiocephalic artery and the left subclavian artery depart from the aortic arch. The type of division of the brachiocephalic artery is bifurcation, there is a division into the right subclavian artery and the trunk of the common carotid arteries. The right and left subclavian arteries successively give off branches: the vertebral artery, the internal thoracic, costocervical trunk, and the brachial trunk. Differences in branching are noted only along the first branch of the right subclavian artery which is the internal thoracic artery. When analyzing the obtained morphometric data the authors found that the diameter of the brachiocephalic artery was significantly greater than the diameter of the left subclavian artery - 1.64 times and the diameter of the common carotid artery was 2.20 times greater than the diameter of the vertebral artery. An analysis of the cross-sectional area of the main branches of the subclavian arteries shows that the costocervical trunk and the internal thoracic artery receive the maximum development.