The article shows the research on grain quality which was conducted at North- Caucasus Scientific Agricultural Center 2015-2017. The research explored the grain quality of new soft winter wheat varieties. The grain belongs to own selections of soft winter wheat, particularly to Sekletiya, Zernetko 1, Tsaritsa and Liniya 1517. The authors focus on indicating the impact of certain factors on high-quality grain. Batko variety was applied as a standard. The soil of the experimental plot was black soil; the climate was moderate continental. The forecrop was pure steam. Before sowing, the authors applied complex mineral fertilizers dosed N40P60K40; in spring the researchers fertilized them with ammonium nitrate dosed26 kgof ammonium nitrate per hectare. The authors observed positive correlation between nature and flour strength qualities of grain (0,7-0,8); inverse relationship between the value of natural mass and IIR values (-0,79); dough elasticity to dough extensibility (-0,88); and baking absorption parameter (-0,85). Flour strength depends on protein quantity and quality (r = 0.79). The wheat varieties have shown different values of flour strength: Liniya 1517 and Zernetko 1 correspond to good filler (282-294 a.), Sekletiya, Tsaritsa and Batko (standard) correspond to satisfactory improver (312, 332,345 a.). Tsaritsa variety formed gluten of the first group during three years under different temperatures. This indicates the prevalence of protein glutenin fraction and capacity of strong wheat improver. The authors found out high correlation coefficient of sedimentation with the amount of gluten (r = 0.81) was found. The quality of winter wheat grain was affected by the arid conditions of grain loading in 2015 and overwetting in 2017. This prevented the varieties from showing up their capacities.

The authors see application of hybrid vigour in the hybrids obtained on the basis of mother lines with cytoplasmic male sterility as a promising way of sorghum selection. The selection is aimed at increasing sorghum productivity. Hybrid vigour is observed in the first generation of hybrids which was caused by interaction among genes (dominance and epistasis) and additive effect of dominant genes. Its effect is weakened in further generations. The paper explores the effect of heterosis of F1 hybrids obtained on the basis of CMC lines with A1, A2, A3, A4, M-35-1A, 9E types of sterility and productive pollinator varieties which are resistant to biotic and abiotic factors in the region. The experiment was carried out on the pilot plots of Research and Technological Institute of Sorghum and Corn “Rossorgo” in 2015-2016. The area of the plot was7.7 m2; frequency observed was three times; landfill location was random. The density of new hybrids, standards and parental forms was 100 thousand plants pro a hectare. The frequency of pure (superior to the superior parental form), hypothetical (superior to the average value of parental forms) and competitive (excess of the sign of hybrid F1 over the released hybrid) heterosis in terms of: plant height, inflorescence length, grain mass per panicle and 1000 grains, yield. Heterosis was more frequent in terms of plant height, inflorescence length, weight of 1000 grains, and less frequently (mainly in 2016) in terms of yield and weight of grain from a panicle. The authors indicate the prospective combinations of crosses with low effect of competitive heterosis in plant height and the highest yield as: A1 O-Yang 1/Avance, A1 O-Yang 1/Topaz, A3 Feterita 14/Mercury, A4 KP 70/Volzhskoe 4. These hybrids form the grain yield of 4.09-9.15 t/ha (2015-2016) and are characterized by the effect of competitive heterosis in2016 interms of grain yield from 2.1 to 71.4%. Hybrids A1 O-Yang 1/Volzhskoe 4 and A2 KVV 114/Avance differ in competitive heterosis by weight of 1000 grains (51.7-60.0%) and grains from one panicle (5.8-52.9%). The hybrids outlined are expected to be relevant for further tests.

The research explores the linen flax varieties of domestic selection. These varieties are seen to be promising from the standpoint of fibre output obtained when processing flax trust in industrial conditions at the flax processing enterprises. The linen flax varieties were compared with the varieties of the foreign selection cultivatedRussia. The authors compared technological value of flax trust of domestic and foreign selection on the basis of “total fiber yield” when dividing flax trust into two groups of quality: low-quality (number 0,50-0,75) and high-quality (number 1,00 and more). There was no evident advantage observed. The detailed analysis (complete assessment scale of flax trust quality) and assessment of varieties indicate that domestic varieties are characterized by higher fiber output (average index is 14.7) than foreign varieties (average index is 16.7). The paper estimates the capacities potential of domestic and foreign selections for fiber output when processing flax trust in industrial conditions. The authors outline the highest and lowest parameters of fibre output produced from the flax trust of low quality and high quality have been identified. The most promising varieties are seen as follows: Universal, Alexandrite, Alexim, Tomskiy 18, Tomskiy 17, Lenok, Smolich of domestic selection (the capacities potential is 76,9 - 88,7%). The authors observed 87.3% -98.0% capacities potential for fiber output from flax trust of higher quality in the following varieties: Tomskiy 18, Tomskiy 17, Alexandrite, Tost, Universal, Diplomat of domestic selection and Pralesk of foreign selection. The authors found out that flax-fibre of domestic selection is the most efficient for flax trust output in the industrial conditions.

Winterhardiness is regarded as a parameter controlled by the activities performed by a large number of genes. In diallel crossbreeding, a researcher has complete combinations of genes that parental varieties possess. The paper analyses additivity and dominance of the crossbreeding population. It allows to assess the contribution made by the main types of gene interactions to parameter expression by decomposing the genotypic variant into a general and specific combination ability. The research aims at exploring the variability of winterhardiness of soft winter wheat and determining the system of genetic determination of this indicator. The experiment was conducted in the experimental field of Siberian Research Institute of Agriculture in Omsk in 2013-2014. The varieties and hybrids of F1 had triple sowing. The area of plant nutrition was 10 x 20 (cm2). The coulisse fallow was forecrop. The authors explored six samples of soft winter wheat and 30 F1 diallel hybrids. They observed reliable differences among genotypes according to “winterhardiness” parameter (P ≤ 0.05). Variability of this parameter is specified by meteorological conditions (95.07%) and determined by means of two-factor dispersion analysis. The authors used Heiman’s figures in order to evaluate and explore the genetic features of winter wheat winterhardiness (relationship between Wr and Vr - covariance and variant) and genetic parameters. The OCS effect was high (P<0.05), therefore, additive genes played an important role in the features heritability. The effect of SCS was high and reliable as well. Positive correlation values (r (2013) = 0.81 and (r (2014) = 0.19) among the average parental values (P) and (Wr + Vr) indicate that their dominance is indirect and recessive genes may increase winterhardiness. The average dominance parameter was higher than 1. This proves the great contribution of nonadditive genes to possessing winterhardiness. Selection of unique genotypes with strong winterhardiness is supposed to occur in older generations of hybrids (F4 - F6). The Zhemchuzhina Povolzhya variety can become a donor in stressful conditions of overwintering (OCS effect is 13.33), in favorable conditions – Fantasia variety (OCS=12.69).

The research aims at development of an effective selective agent in vitro system for founding linseed genotypes resistant to the pod spot. The authors see the object of research as varieties and lines of flax Linum usitatissimum L., which differ in their resistance to the pod spot. Fungi strains differed in their virulence. The authors applied methods of such scientists as Dospekhov and Kurchakova, methodological guidance on foundation, maintenance, storage and practical application of microorganisms, i.e. flax pathogens. This results in creation of selective in vitro system “Colletotrichum lini Manns et Bolley fungus – flax”. This system selects in vitro flax cells resistant to culture filtrate, from which it is possible to obtain regenerated plants resistant to the pathogen with greater efficiency. The authors enumerate the aminoacids that were found in the culture filtrates of the investigated pathogen strains; they are alanine, glycine, asparagine, cysteine, asparagine and glutamic acids, arginine and threonine. The authors outline the observed relationship between flax cell responsiveness and fungi pathogen in the environment of the fungius - anthracnose pathogen - on the value of the explant. Anthers cells in selection conditions were less resistant than those of immature embryos. The researchers observed the impact of flax genotype on cells ability to morphogenesis under selection conditions. Genotype cells L 957-8-7, Alexim, Pendzhab, Zaryanka had high morphogenetic activity. Morphogenetic capacities of genotypes L 1506-8-4 and Rosinka were rather low by the 2nd-3rd passages. When designing the scheme of flax selection in vitro for resistance to anthracnotism, 86 shoots were obtained, the check of which on the artificial infectious-provocative background showed that the genotypes differed in their resistance. The authors observed forms less resistant to the disease as well as resistant and medium resistant lines (at the level of 50 - 75%). The parameters of resistance in resistant and medium resistant genotypes were 12 - 37% higher than in the initial forms.

The research explores the seed productivity and plantlets growth in the free pollination of the natural hybrid taxon P. × jrtyschensis. Fruits of P. × jrtyschensis were selected from four plants that grow in the collection ofResearchCenter“EducationalBotanical Garden” ofKemerovoStateUniversity. Four P. nigra model trees, randomly selected from theTomRiverfloodplain population, were applied as a control group. The authors used 30 fruit-bearing amentumsfrom each model. The researchers measured set of fruit (capsule); number of ovules per fruit; number of seeds per fruit; set of seeds.. Laboratory germination was determined by sowing Petri dishes on wet filter paper. The authors found out sowing germination by sowing 100 seeds in a box with soil and drainage. The energy of germination was determined on the second day while germination - on the fifth day. P. × jrtyschensis is characterized by a lower level of seed productivity (15-30%) compared to P. nigra. In terms of laboratory germination of seeds, the descendants of hybrids surpassed many P. nigra models, but their soil germination was 20-30% lower than that of black poplar. The observed variability in reproductive indices of both P. × jrtyschensis and P. nigra is mainly caused by specific features of their genotypes. Plantlets being developed, the authors observed no significant differences among the descendants of P. nigra and hybrids. The researchers highlighted plantlets that can stop growing and even more abnormal plants with one, three or four seeds in P. × jrtyschensis. This may be caused by underdevelopment of hypocotyl or germ root. The authors observed breaches in development of P. nigra just once. They outline high plantlets destruction when sowing hybrids on the first day after germination The share of destructed plants within a month (from the beginning of the experiment) reaches 66,0 %, and in P. nigra it does not exceed 40,0 %.

The paper highlights the results of agroecological experiments on 11 varieties of winter triticale. The experiments were conducted in the steppe climate zone of thePrimorskTerritoryin 2017-2018. The research aims at identifying the best varieties of fodder and grain forage, which are characterized by high productivity of green mass and grain with valuable economic features. Extreme weather conditions observed during the research period contributed to exploration of the crop response to bad environmental factors. Winter triticale winterhardiness was 0.3-2.1 points on average for varieties. The green mass decreased by 69% due to freezing. The researchers observed the highest prospective green mass yield (28.6-35.7 t/ha) in the following varieties: Tyumenskaya zernokormovaya, Zimogor, Kornet, which significantly exceeded the winter rye Spasskaya mestnaya productivity by 6.3-13.4 t/ha. The crop yield of these varieties was stable and changed insignificantly by 2.6-3.4 t/ha. The experiment revealed Agraf and Tornado varieties that contributed to the highest yield of digestible protein - 5.9 c/ha and available energy - 69.3-66.7 GJ/ha, exceeding the indicators of winter rye by 2 c/ha and 16.6-19.2 GJ/ ha. The authors claim the prospective variety is Tyumenskaya zernokormovaya, which had the highest yield of dry substance and available energy - 7.5 t / ha and 85.5 GJ / ha. These parameters were higher than those of the standard grain and productivity was by 0.5 tons / ha higher. This variety can compete with winter rye for fodder purposes. The winter triticale is a crop for risky cultivation in this climate zone. It can grow in the areas with high snow cover.

The paper characterizes 52 producers of red steppe, 49 - red Danish and 169 Angler bulls of “Barnaulskoye” enterprise in terms of erythrocyte antigen occurrence. The authors used 53 antiserums in order to determine erythrocytic antigens of 9 genetic systems. The highest frequency observed was F antigen frequency equal to 0.976-1.000. This gene was not observed in one servicing red steppe bull and four servicing Angler bulls. All red Danish bulls had F allele in a homo- or heterozygous state. The concentration of antigens A₂, B₂, O₁, Y₂, G’, Q’ (system B), C₁, C₂, E, R₂, W, X₂ (system C), H’ (system S) in the red bulls was high and equal to 0.249-0.592. The frequency of erythrocytic antigens B₁, I₁, P₂, T₁, T₂, Y₁, I’, D’, J₂’, P₁’, B” (B), R₁ (C), J (J), S₂, U and H” (S) was the lowest at 0-0.122. All 53 blood factors were observed in Angler cattle, but no antigens B₁, P₂, R₁, U и B₁, Y₁, B” were observed in the red steppe and red Danish cattle. There are no significant differences observed in genetic similarity among three red breeds; the index of genetic similarity are 0.9211-0.9307, which indicates a high relationship among them. The highest number of ejaculates and native sperm was obtained from Angler servicing bulls, the excess over other breeds was 11.9-13.9 and 15.1-42.8%. Red steppe bulls were characterized by lowest amount of ejaculate and less bioproducts for cryopreservation were received from them. The total breeding efficiency of cows with red steppe bull sperm was 85.1%, the superiority over Danish and Angler red cattle was 7.1-11.5%.

The authors see highly productive, sustainable herd with a stable level of metabolism as one of the important tasks of animal husbandry. The development of intensive dairy farming facilitates extremely dangerous conditions for cows’ organism as the more the cow gives milk, the greater the risk is that it will have health problems. High dairy productivity makes a burden on the animals’ organisms, which slows down metabolic processes, reduces dairy productivity and requires a balanced diet and high-quality forages. The increase in milk productivity relates to disturbance in metabolism and diseases caused by conversion of energy and feed nutrients into milk. The authors ide is a human being should not only milk cows, but keep the cows healthy and care of their immune system. The immune system is a complex multi-component system and it is not resistant to various factors. It is the basis in keeping cows healthy and its long-term use. Nowadays, immunity disorder is seen as one of the main reasons for significant increase in the number of diseases related to metabolic disorders. Lower natural resistance of the cattle is mostly caused by the impact of production technology and adverse environmental factors. When solving these problems, the authors focus on facilitating breeding and productive qualities of animals.

The authors found out that 51.9% of the crop areas are fodder crops, of which 60.3% are perennial grasses, generally older than 6 years of use, 32.6% are annual grasses and 3.9% are maize. The authors used many-years indicators of 2012-2017. Animal husbandry in Khakassia is the main branch of agricultural production, related to creation of a complete feeding basis. The cattle diet contains concentrated and bulky feedstuffs, which energy density should be at least 10 MJ of volume energy (0.80 k. units) in 1 kg of dry substance with crude protein over 14%. According to nutritive and energy value, the crude protein content in hay is 7.65-8.34%, while the available energy is 7.4-8.65 MJ. These parameters correspond to the third class of quality. The climate conditions of Khakassia, the breaches in cultivation technologies, and fodder preparation caused forage low quality and nutritional status. Forage production intensification assumes expansion of species and varieties of perennial and annual agricultural phytocenoses by means of wheatgrass Abakan, Chulymsky; Taskhyl 3 sainfoin; Abakanskaya 3 alfalfa; Stepnyak 1 mound; Abakanskoe kormovoe smut, Sudan grass Tashebinskaya, Turan 2 and Rosinka, that have high biological plasticity, green mass yield and appropriate parameters of nutritive value; improvement of the structure and increase of perennial legumes sowings up to 20 - 25, Sudan grass and smut to 8 - 10%; use of mixed sowings of annual herbs on the basis of legumes. For instance, feed mixtures of Sudan grass and Viki, Sudan grass and fodder beans provide dry substance yield up to 34 - 39 c/ha with digestible protein of 3.0 - 2.0 c/ha.

The paper reveals the scientific and research experience when exploring the impact of Nabikat (nanobiological catalyst, a product of mechanochemical synthesis of silicon compounds of rice husks and green tea, produced by the Centre for Technology Implementation inNovosibirsk) on the carp organism. The experiment was conducted in May-November of 2017 at Troitsk Fish Factory. The researchers selected 500 specimens of Scaly Carp of which 2 similar groups were arranged. The first group served as a control group and received the feed from the fish factory, while the second group of carps received Nabikat dosed2 kgper 1 ton of feed. The researchers took blood of 10 fish from each group for morphological biochemical analysis. Hematological analysis included the following indicators exploring: hemoglobin content, number of red blood cells and total number of leukocytes. The researchers determined total protein, albumins, urea, glucose, total lipids, calcium, phosphorus and magnesium as biochemical parameters. All the indicators were within the standard before the experiment, except for albumins and calcium, which concentrations were low. When applying Nabikat, the authors observed changes of the main microelements in the blood: lower calcium concentration by 20.68% (P<0.001), magnesium – by 8.51% and higher phosphorus concentration in comparison with the control group. The carps of the experimental group had higher concentrations of albumins by 10.08%, erythrocytes by 4.76 and haemoglobin by 31.51% compared to the control group. Application of Nabikat results in improvement of physiological and biochemical blood parameters of the fish from the experimental group. This was revealed in facilitating of the blood respiratory function.

The researchers elaborated pharmacological complex of SM at the Chair of Morphology, Physiology and Pharmacology atSouth-UralStateAgrarianUniversity. The complex contains butafosfan, vitamins, vitamin-like substances, selected on the basis of synergistic effect on the body. The parameters of acute toxicity of the SM-complex were explored in the experiment on clinically healthy adult white mice of both genders by a single injection of the solution in the maximum permissible dose according to GOST 31926-2013. Intolerance on the skin of animals was detected in line with GOST R ISO 10993.10-2009. GOST R ISO 10993.10-99 became a guideline for evaluating SM-complex intolerance on the eye conjunctiva. Chronic toxicity was investigated on non-linear rats; the rates were divided into 4 groups of 6. The first group became a control group, the second group received the SM-complex in a therapeutic dose (255mg/kg), the third group - in a 5 -fold therapeutic dose (1275mg/kg), the fourth group - in a 10-fold dose (2550mg/kg). Pharmacological substance was applied through the probe in the form of an aqueous solution for 30 days. The researchers found out that at single oral introduction of SM-complex in the maximum possible doses it does not affect mice organism and it is referred to the 4th class of danger according to GOST 12.1.007-76. Local application in the form of applications on the skin and mucous membranes of rabbits, the complex does not have a local irritant effect. Long-term application of pharmacological composition (30 days) in high doses causes functional and morphological changes of the liver in the form of gray foci and flabbiness, as well as it increases the volume of the organ. Due to the fact that the therapeutic doses are 5 and 10 times lower than the toxic ones and the period of application does not exceed 7-14 days, the authors make a conclusion that SM-complex is safe and secure and can be used in the recommended doses.

The combined effect of homobiotics, probiotics based on recombinant strains of g. Bacillus, & enrofloxacin on the dynamics of body weight gain in geese was studied. According to the principle of steam-analogs, one control and five experimental groups of 10 goslings in each group were formed. Gosyatam experimental groups used homobiotics vetom 15.1; vetom 13.1 incombination with enrofloxacin followed by replacement with a probiotic preparation Vetom 1.2. The absolute body weight and average daily gain in geese under the influence of the studied drugs increases. The severity of the effect depended on the pharmacological composition of the drugs used. The maximum absolute weight gain was observed when using the drugs according to the scheme: vetom 13.1 at doses of 25–50 mg/kg for 16 days, with further use of a 10% enrofloxacin solution at a dose of 0.5 ml/kg for 5 days and in The experiment period was 1.2 at a dose of 50 mg/kg for 16 days. After the cessation of the use of drugs, the growth rate increased for 30 days when prescribing the drugs according to the scheme: veto 13.1 at a dose of 50 mg/kg for 16 days and with further introduction of homobiotic veto 1.2 into the bird in a dose of 50 mg/kg for 16 days. The maximum average daily gain in live weight of geese was observed in the period from the 16th to the 32nd day with the administration scheme: homobiotic vetom 13.1 at a dose of 25 mg/kg of body weight 1 time per day for 5 consecutive days, then every other day for 16 days, then daily 10 % solution of enrofloxacin at a dose of 0.5 ml/kg of body weight for 5 days, then vetom 1.2 at a dose of 25 mg/kg once a day for 16 days in a row. And the maximum average daily gain in the post using period of the drug was observed on the 32^nd day of the study according to the scheme: homobiotic veto 15.1 at a dose of 50 mg/kg of body weight 1 time per day for 16 days, then daily with vetom 1.2 at the same dose 1 once a day for 16 days. The studied drugs in the applied doses did not have a toxic effect on the physiological state of geese.

The paper explores the influence of littling sex and age, as well as mother’s body weight, size and sex composition of breed onto the ontogenesis of social behavior of water vole Arvicola amphibius L. The authors conducted experiments and explored the relation among the littlings of each breed in two key periods of postnatal ontogenesis. The authors explored behavior ontogenesis of 88 water voles’ littlings in 19 breeds. The behavior was recorded conducting the tests by means of placing the littlings on a neutral arena; first time it was conducted when the littlings aged 10 days and then at the age of 20 days. The researchers evaluated motor activity and elements of peaceful and aggressive behavior. The results showed that females more often demonstrate peaceful forms of social behavior than males. Negative relationship between frequency of peaceful contacts among the littlings on the mother’s body weight after birth and the proportion of males in the breed. When water voles age 20 days, the frequency of peaceful contacts among the littlings decreases, and the frequency of aggressive contacts increases. Inter-sex differences in the frequency of aggressive contacts have not been detected. The authors found out that aggressive contacts among sibs are initiated by females. The frequency of theses contacts relates to the number of breeds in which they were born and grew up, while the aggressiveness of males does not depend on the amount of their breeds.

The research explores the qualitative parameters of sheepskin and histological structure of Kalmyk lambs skin and cross breeds obtained when crossing Kalmyklambs and Dorper sheepskinned lambs. Scientific and production experience was conducted at “Agrofirma Aduciya” enterprise in the Republicof Kalmykiain 2018. The authors explored sheepskin commodity properties at the histological level was conducted on the lambs after fattening at the age of 6 months. According to the area of sheep skin, the crossbred lambs of the 2nd (experimental) group surpassed the lambs od the 1^st (control) group by 11.08 dm² (or 11.8%). This difference is explained by higher fattening qualities of the weighed young stock, which have shorter length and wider width of sheepskin. This is explained by the blackness of the animal’s body after fattening. The lambs of the control group had more developed epidermis, a reticular layer and a larger skin thickness, which is characteristic of rough-wool sheep breeds. The lambs of the experimental group have more developed pilar layer, which is typical for the cattle with semi-fine and thin woolen assortments. The density of wool follicles in the crossbred lambs was 3.3% higher in comparison with the control group lambs; the density index (the ratio of secondary to primary follicles) was 12.7% higher. The lambs of the control group have 44th quality wool (39.65 mkm), it has down, crossing hair, beard hair, i.e. rough wool; the crossing lambs of the experimental group have 56th quality wool (29.25 µm), i.e. semi-fine wool. The sheepskin products with softer pile will cost higher.

The authors focus on the fight against the most common helminthic diseases of agricultural animals as they see it as an important part of the veterinary science. Bunostomosis is one of such diseases; it is a helminthiasis of ruminants caused by vipostomum trigonocephalum nematodes (in sheep and goats) and vipostomum phlebotomum (mainly in the cattle), which are parasitic in the small intestines. The disease is characterized by diarrhea, exhaustion and death of ruminants. The disease is widespread and causes great economic damage. The authors explored the prevalence of tuberculosis and age-related infection with tuberculosis by ovoscopy and levoscopy in the Amur region. They examined 2655 animals, including 1415 small ruminants and 1240 cattle from five districts of the Amur region. The researchers examined 4 calves and 4 lambs aged 4 inorder to study the period of bunostom development in the organism of animals, which were infected with percutaneously and orally. Brown larvae received from faeces of spontaneously infested animals is considered to be the material for infection. The development and survival of larvae in the environment were investigated in 2016-2017. The authors found out that in the Amur region larvae develop at the temperatures above 4⁰С. The period of development at the temperature from 4⁰С tо 9 ⁰С was 23 days. When the temperature was increasing, the development period was reduced to 5-7 days. In October larvae stop their development. The underdeveloped eggs and larvae left die in winter. At the farms of the Amur region, the infection rate of cattle and sheep is 31.9 and 49.6%. The bunostome infection of the cattle aged 1-11 months is 59,8%; 1-2 years - 26,0; 3 years and more - 19,9; sheep aged 4-11 months infection rate is 52,9; 1 year - 60,9, 3 years and more - 38,7%. The authors observed bunostomes development during 89-102 days in the ruminant organism before the sexually mature stage in the conditions of the Amur region.