The work is devoted to the evaluation of the introduction of representatives of the genus Sorbus of the collection of the South Ural Botanical Garden-Institute in the South Urals. The material for the study was the results of own phenological observations of 42 taxa of the genus rowan, determination of winter hardiness and resistance using generally accepted methods, period 2012–2024. Based on the results of the evaluation, all species and varieties of mountain ash in the collection are divided into 3 groups: I – the most promising (31 taxa), II – promising (8 taxa) and III – less promising (3 taxa). Representatives of the first group have resistance to local climatic conditions and high winter hardiness: S. amurensis, S. americana, S. × arnoldiana, S. aucuparia etc. The vital condition is good. The second group includes species whose winter hardiness may be reduced to an I–II score in some years: S. × hybrida, S. intermedia, S. arranensis, S. mougeotii, S. graeca. This group also includes fruit varieties of mountain ash that have not reached the age of fruiting: S. aucuparia ‘Angri’, S. aucuparia ‘Doch Kubovoj’ and S. aucuparia ‘Wefed’. The vital condition is satisfactory. The third group, less promising, includes three species: S. alnifolia, S. velutina and S. aria, which do not retain their growth form, do not bear fruit (except S. aria), in some years winter hardiness may decrease to II–III points. The vital condition is weakened. Taxa included in the introduction relatively recently (2005–2014) are recommended to be considered promising as fruit crops in the conditions of the Southern Urals, except for rowan trees of earlier planting (1958– 1987): S. caucasica,S. × latifolia, S. teodorii, Sorbocotoneaster pozdnijkovii, S. scopulina, S. sambucifolia, S. pohuashanensis and S. aucuparia var. moravica, S. aucuparia ‘Alaya krupnaya’, × Crataegosorbus miczurinii ‘Granatnaya’, S. aucuparia ‘Nevezhinskaya’ as fruit.

One of the problems of insufficient cultivation of garden strawberries in the Novosibirsk region is the lack of industrial production of high-quality planting material, on which the crop yield directly depends. The technology of clonal micropropagation can help to solve the problem of obtaining genetically identical healthy planting material of high quality. The efficiency of clonal micropropagation largely depends on the optimization of the cultivation stages. Adaptive responses of garden strawberry regenerants (‘Solnechnaya Polyanka’, ‘Alpha’) during rooting and ex vitro acclimation under the influence of an environmentally friendly silicon-containing mechanocomposite made from renewable plant materials were studied. To stimulate rhizogenesis in microshoots the following treatments were used: watering with an aqueous solution of Murashige-Skoog nutrient medium containing ¼ concentration of standard medium components; pulse treatment with an aqueous solution of 30 mg/l indoleacetic acid (for 4 hours) followed by watering with a solution of ¼ Murashige-Skoog; a single watering with a solution of ¼ Murashige-Skoog with the addition of 0.3, 1.0, 3.0 g/l of mechanocomposite; dry dipping the basal part of the microshoots with a mechanocomposite followed by watering with a solution of ¼ Murashige-Skoog. It was found, that dry dipping the basal part of the microshoots with a mechanocomposite is the most effective treatment method of regenerants in ex vitro conditions. This treatment significantly increased the frequency of rhizogenesis (up to 95% versus 25-45% in the control), stimulated the development of the root system (the length of the roots increased relative to the control by 2.5-4.3 times, the number of roots per plant by 1.2-2.0 times, the dry weight of the roots by 3.0 times for the cv. ‘Alpha’) and the above-ground system of plants (the area of the leaf blade increased by 1.2-2.0 times, the dry weight of the shoots by 2.6-3.7 times), increased the content of the main photosynthetic pigments in the leaves of the regenerants (the content of chlorophyll a + b increased by 1.2 times, carotenoids by 1.2-1.4 times). Under the influence of the mechanocomposite, the leaves of the regenerants acquired signs of a xeromorphic organization. An increase in the density of stomata on the abaxial side of the leaf in the cv. ‘Alpha’ (by 1.4 times), intensive accumulation of epicuticular waxes on the lower epidermis of the leaf blades of the regenerants of two cultivars was noted. It was determined that silicon accumulates in the aboveground part of the garden strawberry regenerants. The minimum silicon content was in the control (2020 μg/g), under the influence of the mechanocomposite, the silicon content increased (up to 3500 μg/g with watering and 3200 μg/g with dusting with the mechanocomposite). The developed technology allows to eliminate the in vitro rooting stage and reduce the overall clonal micropropagation cycle by 4 weeks, ensuring high quality of garden strawberry planting material.

The research was conducted at the SibNII Kormov hospital of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, located in the northern forest-steppe of the Ob region of the Novosibirsk region. The soil of the experimental site is zonal – leached chernozem, medium-sized, medium-humus, medium-loamy. The purpose of the research is to determine the timing of the second alfalfa mowing and to determine the periods during which the otava could be used in the raw material conveyor. The mowing ripeness of the first mowing of alfalfa during the years of use occurred 45–57 days after the start of regrowth (V = 11 %). Late mowing dates from alfalfa trees extended its growing season from 56 to 95 days. A strong relationship was found between the length of the interaxial period and the average daily air temperature (r = -0.97. 0.90), as well as the sum of temperatures and precipitation (r = 0.73–0.99). It was noted that in alfalfa, the sugar content in the roots decreases from early to late harvesting by 15% from 13.6 to 11.6 (V = 21 %), which increases the risk of its death in winter. Late mowing of alfalfa reduced the yield of dry weight by 13–21 % in total for two mowing. The decrease in the yield of the first mowing for the next year was 0.35–0.76 t/ha (7–15 %), the second – by 0.42–1.12 t/ha (14–36 %). When mowing otava in the early stages, the content of feed units was 0.74–0.77, OE 10.2–10.2 MJ, and digestible protein 161– 171 g/k units. At late harvest times, the content of feed units per 1 kg of feed decreases by 5 % in the first and 10 % in the second mowing, the yield of metabolic energy by 4 and 7 %, respectively, and the provision of digestible protein to the feed unit by 6 and 16 %.

The studies were conducted in four-year production experiments in the nursery of the agricultural production cooperative (APC) “Sady Baraby” in the Novosibirsk region to assess the effectiveness of the Bacillus bacteria strains in obtaining sea buckthorn seedlings from lignified cuttings. A stimulating effect on the rooting of lignified sea buckthorn cuttings was proven in variants with pre-planting treatment with the strains B. subtilis VKPM B-10641, B. licheniformis VKPM B-10562 and a mixture of 3 strains (experimental biopreparation Fitop 8.67) in working concentrations of 1×105 CFU/ml an increase of 13.1-18.9 % relative to the control, to absolute levels of 48.8-51.3 %, acting at the same level of efficiency with the reference variant Heteroauxin. All the studied bacterial strains reliably stimulated the increase in seedling biomass by 9.1-20.5 % relative to the control, to a level of 19.0-20.4 g/plant. The most stable over 4 years of observation were the strain B. amyloliquefaciens VKPM B-10642 and a mixture of 3 strains, which can be stated to have the greatest growth-stimulating effect on sea buckthorn plants. An increase in the commercial quality of sea buckthorn seedlings was proven in the variants with pre-planting treatment with the strains B. amyloliquefaciens VKPM B-10642 and B. licheniformis VKPM B-10562, an increase of 28.6 % and 17.7 %, with 70.0 % in the control. The highest yield of seedlings, on average over 4 years, has been proven in variants with strains B. subtilis VKPM B-10641, B. licheniformis VKPM B-10562 and a mixture of 3 strains, which should be recognized as the most promising for use in obtaining seedlings from lignified cuttings of sea buckthorn.

The results of the study of the optical properties of corn and wheat grain grinds at different moisture content are presented in the studied samples. A technique for varying the moisture content in grain grinds with optical measurements to determine correlation and spectral dependencies is proposed. A diffraction spectrofluorimeter CM2203 (Solar CJSC, Belarus) was used for optical spectral measurements. Measurements of the spectral characteristics of excitation n(λ) with extended scanning in synchronous mode were carried out in the range from 230–600 nm, with an average sensitivity of a photoelectron multiplier, pulse duration tdl = 20 microseconds, pulse delay t = 0.75 microseconds. Synchronous excitation spectra of corn grain grinding with varying moisture content, photoluminescence spectra of corn grinding for λ = 362 nm with varying moisture content, photoluminescence spectra of wheat grinding with varying moisture content for λ = 362 nm were measured. The dependences of the photoluminescence flux with varying moisture content of grain grinds and their linear approximations for corn (λ = 362 nm), for wheat (λ = 362 nm) and (λ = 424 nm) are determined. Statistically reliable dependences on humidity can be obtained for integral photoluminescence fluxes when excited by 362 nm radiation for corn grinds and 362 nm and 424 nm for wheat grinds.

The article presents the results of 2020–2023 experiments to assess the effectiveness of using newgeneration growth stimulants on spring soft wheat, spring barley, and oats on leached chernozem of the foreststeppe of the Novosibirsk Ob region. It is shown that the experimental fields of the Irmen breeding farm, Ordynsky district, Novosibirsk region had an average humus content of 6.78 %, a cation exchange capacity of 49.5 mmol/100g of soil at a pH of 6.4. The bulk density of the soil in the arable layer (0–30 cm) was 1.10 g/cm³, the lowest moisture content was 33.7 %, and the porosity was 54.3%. The soils contained 0.24% total nitrogen according to Kjeldahl, 0.24 % phosphorus, and 1.32 % potassium. The concentration of easily hydrolyzable nitrogen according to Tyurin, Kononova, Korinfild is 9.47, mobile phosphorus according to Chirikov is 26.9 mg and exchangeable potassium according to Maslova is 15.7 mg per 100 g of soil at a pH of salt extract of 5.87 (slightly acidic and close to neutral soils). Meteorological conditions during the years of research differed both in temperature and in the amount of precipitation during the growing season. It is shown that innovative growth stimulants (Energy-M, Krezacin and Novosil) are more effective when used as pre-sowing treatment in the following doses: Energy-M 4.5 g / t, Krezacin 4 g / t and Novosil 50 mg / t with a working fluid consumption of 10 l / t. At the same time, the excess over the control (water) was 19, 22 and 24% for spring wheat, respectively. In addition, the efficiency of using stimulants during the growing season, as well as a combination of these treatment periods, was revealed. The parameters were effective both on spring soft wheat and on spring barley and oats. In studies of the Paustian barley variety and Max oats, the yield increase was 28 % and 26 %. The growth stimulants Krezatsin and Novosil were more effective than the Energy-M preparation. The dispersion analysis showed that the yield depended on the variety by 30 %, the growth stimulant – 26 % and the method of their application – by 24 %. In years with different weather conditions, the efficiency of using organomineral fertilizer was shown by pre-sowing treatment of 2 l / t with a working fluid consumption of 10 l / t followed by three-fold spraying in the phases of tillering, flag leaf and heading at a dose of 2 l / ha with a working fluid consumption of 300 l / ha. The increase in yield under the influence of this preparation was 25 % for spring wheat of the Likamero variety and 31–23 % for Novosibirskskaya variety, with an improvement in the quality indicators of the grain.

Flax is a strategic crop with wide application in various sectors of the economy, including the production of paints and medical cotton wool. However, diseases and increased soil acidity reduce the yield of flax products. The research conducted in 2021–2024 at the Federal State Budgetary Budgetary Institution “Federal Research Center for Bast Crops” was aimed at evaluating the progeny of flax seedling regenerants obtained as a result of in vitro cell breeding for resistance to anthracnose and increased soil acidity on artificial provocative soils. It was revealed that plants with varying degrees of resistance to anthracnosis were formed on the basis of immature embryos on a selective background in vitro. Studies have made it possible to create new forms of flax genotypes susceptible to the pathogen NO–65, NE-38, NE-36 and NE-16, which showed higher resistance to the pathogen in generations than the original forms. These lines in breeding nurseries were not inferior to the standard Alpha variety in terms of the main indicators of the productivity of the haul, including plant height and weight of the technical part. An analysis of the morphological characteristics of flax plants grown under medium-acidic conditions demonstrated that the NO-65 genotype, the progeny of the R3 regenerate, was the most productive in terms of the number of seeds per plant and the total weight of seeds (43.9 seeds and 6.64 grams, respectively). The genotype has L-2053-6-10 nc R1 is the progeny of the regenerant R1, the maximum height of plants (99.6 cm) and the technical length of the stem (93.4 cm) were recorded, as well as the largest number of boxes per plant unit (9.8 pcs.). This genotype, with its resistance to anthracnose, can be recommended for introduction into production in order to obtain high yields of fiber and seeds. In terms of technical length, the Phoenix pf genotype can be recommended for fiber production in conditions of a medium acidic soil background, and NO–65 for seed production.

The Novosibirsk State Agrarian University (NSAU) has created source material for the breeding of ornamental, long-flowering species and subspecies of Clarkia: C. purpurea (Curtis) A. Nelson & J.F. Macbr., C. unguiculata Lindl., С. amoena (Lehm.) A. Nelson & J.F. Macbr., C. amoena subsp. lindleyi (Douglas) H. Lewis & M.E. Lewis, including 21 accessions. The studies were conducted in 2010–2024 in open ground on the experimental plot of the UPH “Michurintsev Garden” located within the city of Novosibirsk (55.03° N, 82.99° E) by means of intraspecific hybridization, inbreeding, individual, individual-family and mass selections using isolators and isolated plots for cross-pollinated clarkia species. Five new clarkia varieties with different flowering periods, suitable for flowerbeds of different shapes and sizes, borders, container gardening, and for cutting, were obtained. This is the first domestic variety of C. purpurea ‘‘Lilovaya Feya’ and new varieties of C. unguiculata ‘Korallovyye Rify’, C. amoena ‘Malinovaya Chasha’, C. amoena subsp. lindleyi: ‘Persikovaya Chasha’, ‘Farforovaya Chasha’. To develop breeding of clarkia, two schemes of the selection process with the selection of elite plants in the hybrid generations F₂. and F4 have been proposed. For the species C. purpurea, first domesticated in the south of Western Siberia, a scheme of the selection process with the selection of elite plants in the F₂ generation according to economic and biological characteristics has been developed, including the assessment of the male gametophyte in vitro, which allows accelerating the selection of breedingly important genotypes. This scheme is also universal for other species of Clarkia (C. unguiculata and C. amoena, C. amoena subsp. lindleyi). The full cycle of the selection process includes 9 years, the 10th year is the state variety testing (SVT). For the first time, the digenic nature of inheritance of the lilac (violet) flower color in C. purpurea was determined by the cumulative polymery type (splitting in the F2 generation: 1: 4: 6: 4: 1, ꭓ²_fact. = 0.29, while the tabular value ꭓ² = 9.49, p < 0.05). The coral-pink flower color in C. unguiculata ‘Korallovyye Rify’ is inherited by the digenic type, with complementary interaction of genes (splitting 4: 9: 3, ꭓ²_fact= 0.53 < ꭓ2_table = 6.0, at p < 0.05). An intermediate pattern of inheritance of the peach-pink flower coloration was established in C. amoena subsp. lindleyi ‘Farforovaya Chasha’ (splitting in the F generation: 1: 2: 1, ꭓ² = 3.25 < ꭓ²_table  = 6.0, p < 0.05 and ꭓ²= 1.63 < ꭓ²_table    = 6.0, p < 0.05). It was established that in C. amoena subsp. lindleyi, the white coloration is recessive and is inherited digenically by the suppression type (splitting in the F₂generation: 13:3, ꭓ²_fact = 3.25 < ꭓ²_table = 6.0, p < 0.05). Novosibirsk State Agrarian University has created Clarkia varieties: with a short growing season – the summer-flowering ‘Lilac Fairy’ (C. purpurea), the longest-flowering summer-autumn ‘Korallovyye Rify’ (C. unguiculata) and ‘Farforovaya Chasha’ (C. amoena ssp. lindleyi) – the most immune to the pathogen Pucciniastrum epilobii Otth.

The aim of this study was to investigate a collection of perennial grasses (genera Poa, Festuca, Agrostis, Lolium) used for lawns in the taiga region. This article presents results from studying samples of 13 lawn grass varieties using standard methods applicable to Western Siberia. Experiments were conducted outdoors in northern Tomsk Oblast under extreme soil and climatic conditions typical of the area. Over four years of research (2015–2018), diverse meteorological conditions allowed us to assess the adaptability of collected material to adverse environmental factors. Selecting suitable grass species for use in the taiga primarily requires evaluating their winter hardiness and identifying adapted varieties capable of surviving harsh climate extremes. Winter hardiness was determined by counting surviving and dead plants after severe winters. To improve the quality of turf cover, we studied the morphological characteristics of the initial breeding stock. Variation in morphological traits was assessed based on specific features of vegetative and generative shoots in each variety tested. For assessing the aesthetic appearance of turf, we utilized the texture trait proposed by K.A. Khaseeva. Based on our findings, we recommend the following grass species for creating durable lawn covers in the taiga: meadow bluegrass (Poa pratensis), Siberian bluegrass (Poa sibirica), red fescue (Festuca rubra); additionally, mixtures of these three species are acceptable. Species that demonstrated high resistance to trampling and quick recovery after damage, as well as uniform regrowth post-mowing include one cultivar of meadow bluegrass, two wild forms of Siberian bluegrass, two cultivars each of white bentgrass (Agrostis alba) and creeping bentgrass (Agrostis canina), fine-leaved bentgrass (Agrostis tenuis), two wild forms of broad-panicle bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera), one cultivar of sheep’s fescue (Festuca ovina), one wild form of rigid-leafed fescue (Festuca rigida), and three numbers of red fescue (Festuca rubra).

Our research goal was to evaluate new promising soybean varieties for a number of economically important traits, the level of adaptation, and resistance to fungal diseases under the conditions of Primorsky kray. The research was conducted in 2021–2024. The weather conditions of 2021 were characterized by prolonged periods without precipitation. In 2022–2024, the optimal combination of precipitation and high temperatures facilitated an increase in the yield of the crop. Thirty-two promising soybean varieties created at the Federal Scientific Center of Agricultural Biotechnology of the Far East named after A.K. Chaiki were used as the research object. The majority of the varieties were from the group of mid-season maturity with a growing period of 111–119 days. Four varieties Primorskaya 1690, Primorskaya 1693, Primorskaya 1695, and Primorskaya 1698 had high yield ranging from 3.12 t/ha to 3.53 t/ha. A high protein content (>40.0 %) was observed in the following soybean varieties: Primorskaya 1659, Primorskaya 1675, Primorskaya 1695, Primorskaya 1698, and Primorskaya 1704. The following genotypes were considered resistant to the growing conditions based on the parameter of yield: Primorskaya 4 (-16.5), Primorskaya 1679 (-12.8), Primorskaya 1682 (-16.3), Primorskaya 1692 (-15.7), and Primorskaya 1705 (-16.5). The highest coefficient of adaptation was noted in three varieties – Primorskaya 1690, Primorskaya 1693, and Primorskaya 1698. Lower ecological plasticity characterized 45.4% of the genotypes (coefficient bi <1). Some genotypes showed resistance to the stress conditions and diseases under the conditions of Primorsky kray. Varieties demonstrated moderate resistance in the infectious conditions: Primorskaya 1690 and Primorskaya 1697 – to downy mildew, Primorskaya 1696 – to Cercospora leaf blight. Promising soybean varieties have various characteristics. This allows breeders to select different variants that would suit certain goals and growing conditions.

An analysis of weather conditions in recent years shows that the bioclimatic potential for winter breads is becoming more favorable. During the years of competitive variety testing (1985–2024), the yield of winter wheat averaged 3.15 t/ha, with annual fluctuations from 0.57 to 6.31 t/ha. The increase to the spring crop was 0.43 t/ha. The research material was the varieties of the competitive winter wheat variety testing of the Kurgan SRIA branch of FSBSI UrFASRC, UrB of RAS in comparison with the Omsk winter wheat standard. The observations and assessments were carried out in accordance with the Methodology of the state variety testing. The quality of grain and flour is evaluated according to GOST standards in the technological laboratory. The purpose of the research was to study, evaluate and isolate breeding lines of winter soft wheat according to a set of economic and biological characteristics, in which the yield level is consistently maintained. The main factor of yield reduction was identified: spring-summer drought (r = 0.6-0.7). The experience of years with extreme conditions served as a provocative background for field assessments. As a result, lines adapted to local conditions with a significant increase in yield (0.84–1.15 t/ha) were identified: Umka 40, L-88-79-38, L-88-79-40, Compliment/ Fora-2, L-KP134-30; with coarse grain (44.0–46.5 g) Umka 40, L-Izaura-58, L-88-71-13, Compliment/Fora-4. According to biochemical properties corresponding to class 1–2: Umka, Umka 40, L-88-71-22, Compliment/Fora-5, L-65309/1, L-88-79-40, L-88-79-83, L-88-79-84. By baking properties: Umka-40, L-88-71-13, L-88-71-22, Umka, Compliment/Fora-5, L-88-79-38, L-88-79-83, L-KP-134-30, L-134-37, with bread volume values averaging 913 to 978 g/ml over 3 years, with a baking score of 3.6–3.8 points. During the two years of study, powdery mildew (Blumeria graminis) affected the lines to a lesser extent (5 %): L-88-79-35, L-88-79-38, L-88-79-40, L-KP-134-30, Compliment/Fora-2, Compliment/Fora-4, Compliment/Fora-5, L-CPG-120-7. Less susceptible to sclerotiniosis (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum): L-88-79-40, L-88-79-83, Compliment/Fora-2, Compliment/Fora. Resistant to brown rust: Umka-40, Proza-4, L-Izaura-64, L-386, Donskoy prostor/Izaura, Donskoy prostor/Bashkirskaya 10, Ivina/ Umka, L-S-1, L-S-2, L-S-3, L-S-12.

The article presents the results of testing pear varieties in order to identify those with more valuable complex of economic characteristics that meet the requirements of modern intensive horticulture in the conditions of the Northern Caspian region. The objects of the study are 5 pear varieties: Krasivaya, Nadezhda, Moldavskaya rannyaya, Victoria, Lyuberskaya, grafted onto the VA-29 rootstock. Control is the zoned pear variety Krasivaya. The studies were carried out on the experimental plot of the Caspian Agrarian Federal Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences using generally accepted methods. The soils where the varieties were studied are light chestnut carbonate, powerful, medium-powerful. The humus content is 1.02 % at a depth of 0–40 cm, easily hydrolyzable nitrogen 24.4 mg/kg, mobile phosphorus 26.4 mg/kg, exchangeable potassium – at the level of 368 mg/kg of soil. The results of the pear variety parameters showed that the height depends on the variety and fluctuates between 3.0 and 4.5 m. The Victoria (4.5 m) and Krasivaya (4.1 m) varieties were noted as vigorous. It was found that the leaf area formed on one hectare in the Krasivaya (k), Lyuberskaya and Victoria pear varieties averaged 2500–2700 m2/ha. According to the results of calculating the distribution of the feeding area among the pear varieties, the Victoria (71.7 %), Krasivaya (70.4 %) and Moldavskaya Rannyaya (65.2 %) varieties stood out with the most developed crowns and having mastered more than half of the allocated space. During three years of fruiting, the varieties with high productivity stood out: Victoria, which averaged 11.2 kg/tree, Nadezhda 9.6 kg per tree, Moldavskaya Rannyaya – 8.7 kg/tree. High average specific productivity per unit of crown projection area was observed in the varieties Nadezhda – 6.1 kg/m², Victoria – 5.6 kg/m², Moldavskaya rannyaya – 5.0 kg/m². The fruit load per unit of trunk cross-section area was higher in the varieties Victoria (0.79 kg/cm²) and Nadezhda (0.68 kg/cm²) compared to the control variety Krasivaya (0.60 kg/cm²).

The water regime of plants includes such vital properties as the total water content of leaves, water-holding capacity and the amount of mobile water. Determination of the parameters of these indicators helps to assess the degree of adaptation of species and varieties when grown in new regions. The aim of this work is to comparatively assess the resistance of some taxa of the genus Cotinus to drought and to select the most suitable for the needs of ornamental gardening in the conditions of the Bashkir Cis-Urals. The objects of the study were 4 taxa of Cotinus from the collection of the South Ural Botanical Garden-Institute of the Ufa Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences: Cotinus coggygria, C. coggygria ‘Royal Purple’, C. obovatus and C. ×obovatus (a hybrid species). It was found that the maximum value of the total water content of leaf tissues of various taxa of the genus Cotinus is about 63 % and is recorded in two taxa – C. coggygria and the hybrid species C. ×obovatus. The highest drought resistance rates were recorded for the C. coggygria ‘Royal Purple’ variety water retention capacity of 37 % and mobile moisture content of 25 %. At the same time, this taxon has reduced winter hardiness compared to other smoke tree taxa (II points). All studied taxa of the genus Cotinus showed sufficient drought resistance in the conditions of the Southern Urals and can be recommended for ornamental gardening in the Bashkir Cis-Urals and adjacent territories.

The results of a three-year assessment of the effect of Bacillus-based preparations used to treat spring wheat seeds on the development of root rot and crop productivity are presented. The experiments were conducted in the northern forest-steppe of the Ob region in 2019 and 2021–2022 as field experiments. Of the three years of research, two years were moderately humid with a GTC according to Selyaninov of 1.02 and 0.91, while 2022 was dry with a GTC of 0.69. The effect of Fitop 8.67-9 based on B. subtilis and B. amyloliquefaciens bacteria with 109 CFU, as well as the bacterial-humic preparation AFG (a mixture of Fitop 8.67-9 and Cytogumate with a titer of 107 CFU), was studied on the Novosibirskaya 31 spring wheat variety, in comparison with a chemical fungicide based on difenoconazole and cyproconazole, and Cytogumate. Cytogumate is made from brown coal and contains potassium and sodium humic acids, N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, and trace elements. It has been shown that bacterial Fitop 8-67.9 and bacterial-humic preparation AFG, used for seed treatment, reduced their infection with pathogens. It was shown that the bacterial preparation Fitop 8-67.9 and the bacterial-humic preparation AFG, used for seed treatment, reduced the infestation of seeds by the root rot pathogens Fusarium and Bipolaris sorokiniana to the threshold of harmfulness or lower, and reduced the disease incidence of the primary roots of plants by 1.6–3.5 times. In years with moderate moisture availability, the biological efficiency of biological products was comparable to that of a chemical fungicide based on difenoconazole and ciproconazole, but it was inferior in a dry year. The grain yield of spring wheat in years with GTC = 0.9–1.0 varied in the following order: products with Bacillus (approximately 20 % increase over the control) > Cytogumate (+10 %) > chemical reference (+5.5 %). In dry vegetation, the yield of spring wheat (the second crop after fallow) was 30–38 % higher on chemical seed treatment.

One of the promising areas in scientific support for flax breeding and seed production is the creation of high-quality seeds of the crop with marker traits. Therefore, the aim of the research was to study the efficiency of creating flax seeds with a marker trait, their quantitative and qualitative indicators and characteristics for subsequent use in breeding and seed production. The experiments were carried out at the Federal Research Center for Bast Fiber Crops (Torzhok, Tver Region) in 2016–2020. Scientific research was carried out in accordance with current methods. Conducting targeted selections of plants made it possible to isolate new valuable flax lines from the Smolich, Antey, S-108 varieties and obtain seeds with a marker trait light yellow color. It was found that the flax line L-1 was characterized by the greatest value, exceeding the standard in seed weight by 16.0 %, as well as in fiber content in the stem – by 2.9 % and seed yield – by 9.8 %. Line L-1, according to its characteristics, is classified as an improved analogue of fiber flax. Flax line L-2 was identified, which, having a high fiber content in the stem – 30.6 % (standard variety Antey – 24.8 %), increased seed weight – 5.5 g (standard variety Antey – 5.1 mg), corresponded to the oilseed form in morphological features. As a result of the research, line L-3 was isolated, which exceeded the standard, variety S-108, in seed yield by 14.8 % and at the same time was characterized by increased seed weight and high fiber content in the stem. The flax line L-3 was transferred to the characteristic collection as valuable selection material of two-way use for obtaining high-quality seeds and fiber. All created lines have replenished the characteristic collection of flax of the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution FNC LC as valuable source material for selection and seed production of the crop.

Crop yield reduction under the influence of biotic stressors such as weeds remains a pressing issue in agroecosystems. Traditional methods of weed infestation monitoring based on visual assessment are laborintensive and subjective. In this paper, an approach to automated weed identification in spring wheat and barley crops using ResNet convolutional neural networks (CNNs) is proposed. The objective of the study was to develop classifiers based on ResNet-18, ResNet-34, and ResNet-50 architectures to detect 16 weed species and determine the need for herbicide treatment. The dataset included 138 images with a resolution of 1340 × 1790 pixels obtained from a mobile camera and phytosanitary monitoring data from 66 survey plots (0.25 m²). To compensate for the small amount of data, augmentation was used (aug_transforms library, PyTorch) with the following operations: random rotations, scaling, brightness and contrast correction. This allowed us to expand the sample by at least 5 images per class. The images were preprocessed: scaling to 512 × 512 pixels with subsequent compression to 224 × 224 for compatibility with ResNet. The models were trained for 100 epochs with the Adam optimizer (batch size = 16), the quality metrics were accuracy_multi (the proportion of correct classifications) and F1-score. All models achieved high accuracy (accuracy_multi > 95%), but the F1-score ranged from 0.60 to 0.74, which reflects the complexity of multi-class classification. ResNet-18 demonstrated the highest F1 scores (0.74). Confusion matrix analysis revealed problematic classes: Convolvulusarvensis (6 errors), Sinapisarvensis (4 errors), which is due to insufficient data representativeness. Classes 4, 7–10, and 14 were recognized with the highest accuracy. Confusion Matrix also revealed ambiguous effectiveness of deep ResNet architectures.

The seed potato breeding process involves combining biotechnological methods of plant sanitation based on in vitro apical meristem culture technology and sterile plant cultivation followed by the growth of mini-tubers under protected conditions. Among the most promising methods are hydroponic and aerohydroponic techniques for cultivating plants, where additional lighting is used to enhance productivity and quality of potatoes. This study was conducted at the Siberian Research Institute of Agriculture and Peet, which is part of the Siberian Federal Research Centrе of Agro-ВioTechnologies of the Russian Academy of Sciences (SFSCA RAS). Object of study: healthy maternal micro-clones of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) variety Charoit. In vitro plants were planted onto «Fagro» series aerohydroponic systems equipped with lamps emitting various spectrums of light. The influence of different light sources on morphometric development parameters such as plant height, number of leaves, root system length, average aboveground mass, and root system mass was investigated. Additionally, we studied how different types of illumination affect key characteristics including: Average number of mini-tubers per plant, Average weight of one mini-tuber, Maximum and minimum weights of mini-tubers, Fractional composition of mini-tubers. It has been determined that when cultivating Charoit variety potatoes using an aerohydroponic method, it is recommended to use lighting with a light intensity of 225 μmol m⁻² s⁻¹. These results will allow optimization of the seed-breeding process for potatoes.

Monitoring the study of the mineral composition of forage plants depending on their geographic location is an important scientific and practical task. The aim of the study was to conduct a monitoring analysis of the level of bioaccumulation of some mineral elements by forage plants from soils of different geographic origin. The studies were conducted at the Federal Scientific Agroengineering Center VIM. To carry out the study, samples of hay from legumes and cereals, as well as samples of hay from natural lands, collected in different areas of the Central Federal District, in the Altai and Krasnodar Territories, were prepared. The content of the following mineral components was determined: copper (Cu), magnesium (Mg), manganese (Mn), potassium (K). Five samples of each sample of hay from legumes and cereals, as well as hay from natural lands, were prepared. Based on the results obtained, it was found that the level of mineral components in different types of hay corresponded to the geographic origin of the sample. A comparative analysis of the migration of mineral substances – copper, potassium, magnesium and manganese in the “soil-plant” system showed that the content of mineral components in plants does not directly depend on the level of the corresponding minerals in soils, and the degree of digestibility and accumulation of the studied mineral substances is determined by the main parameters of the environment and biochemical indicators of soils.

Based on 5 years of research (2019–2023), the impact of genotype and meteorological factors on the protein content of wheat grain was analyzed. Field experiments conducted on the experimental fields of the Krasnoyarsk RIA, located in the forest-steppe zone. The predecessor is bare fallow. Nitrogen fertilizers at a dose of N60 were applied prior to direct seeding. The mass fraction of protein in the grain is determined according to GOST 10846-91. 10 varieties of spring soft wheat were studied, including 7 varieties of selection of the Krasnoyarsk RIA and 3 standards Novosibirskaya 15 (early ripening), Altayskaya 70 (mid-early), Altayskaya 75 (mid-ripening). The average protein content by varieties ranged from 12,74 % to 15,09 %. The protein content above 14 % was formed by early ripening varieties Novosibirskaya 15, Kanskaya, Uyarochka, Altayskaya 70, and mid-ripening Altayskaya 75. The linkage of protein content with grain yield in all years was negative and ranged from weak r = -0,132 to medium significant r = -0,619. Moderate precipitation and temperature during the reproductive period are necessary for the formation of a high protein content. A statistically significant negative correlation between protein content and precipitation was noted in july (r = -0,836), with an average daily temperature in august (r = -0,520). Varietal specificity of the reaction to precipitation and temperature was noted. Gluten content is most closely related to protein content. In all years, a significant positive relationship was revealed, which ranged from r = 0,650 to r = 0,939. The linkage with gluten quality was weak and ambiguous, with flour strength in all years was positive and ranged from average r = 0,476 to strong r = 0,868. The linkage of bread volume and total baking score with protein content was positive with fluctuations from weak to medium, with grain nature the relationship was negative.

The aim of the research is to study the effect of cytokinin growth regulators (zeatin, adenine, 2-isopentyl adenine, thidiazuron) on the multiplication coefficient at the proliferation stage; to study the effect of different concentrations of auxins (0.5, 1.0, 1.5 mg/l) indolebutyric acid (IBA) and indoleacetic acid (IAA) on rhizogenesis in vitro culture at the rooting stage. The objects of the research are micro-cuttings of blue honeysuckle of the Bakcharskaya selection varieties Vostorg, Ussulga, Strezhevchanka. The studies were conducted in 2024– 2025 in the biotechnology laboratory of the UdmFRC UB RAS according to the “Technology for obtaining planting material of fruit and berry crops improved from viruses, 2013” and in accordance with GOST R 59653–2021 “National standard of the Russian Federation. Planting material for fruit and berry crops. Technical conditions”. The multiplication coefficient of blue honeysuckle microcuttings on average by variety increased significantly to 6.5 pcs/explant using thidiazuron at a concentration of 0.1 mg/l, compared to 3.9 pcs/explant in the control variant and the least significant difference (95 % significance) equal to 1.2 pcs/explant. The use of zeatin and 2-isopentyl adenine at concentrations of 5.0 mg/l contributed to a slight increase in the multiplication coefficient of blue honeysuckle microcuttings to an average of 4.4 and 4.7 pcs/explant, respectively. The use of adenine at a concentration of 50 mg/l reliably reduced the multiplication coefficient of blue honeysuckle microcuttings to an average of 2.6 pcs/explant. Regardless of growth regulators, the micro cuttings of honeysuckle of the Strezhevchanka variety proliferated significantly more actively, where the reproduction coefficient averaged 6.1 pcs/explant. The use of IBA at concentrations of 1.0 mg/l and 1.5 mg/l significantly increased the rooting rate of blue honeysuckle microcuttings to an average of 67.7 and 74.2 %, respectively, with 54.8 % in the control variant and the least significant difference (95 % significance) equal to 7.5 %. The use of IAA at a concentration of 1.5 mg/l also led to a significant increase in the rooting of honeysuckle microcuttings, on average up to 62.3 %. More active root formation was observed in micro cuttings of honeysuckle of the Ussulga variety, regardless of the concentration of auxins, and amounted to an average of 67.2 %.

The article presents the results of application of pesticides with different spectrum of action against the main pests of protected soil greenhouse whitefly and thrips in a large greenhouse complex of the Central Siberian Botanical Garden of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. It was found that the efficiency of treatment with the preparations Clipper, KE, Tanrek, VRK, Movento-Energy, KS and Applaud, SP against whitefly was 50-70%, and the insecticide Aktara, VDG against thrips 80%. The use of tank mixtures stably limits the number of phytophages below the EPT. The greatest efficiency against whitefly was shown by triple treatment with tank mixtures consisting of alternating preparations Plenum, VDG, Admiral, KE, Mospilan, RP, Talstar, KE with an interval of 16 days. The inclusion of Verimark, KS in tank mixtures made it possible to obtain 100% efficiency against thrips. To prevent outbreaks of the main greenhouse pests, which, as a rule, require the use of complex tank mixtures consisting of expensive preparations, it is necessary to maintain a system of preventive measures, including a set of measures (agrotechnical, quarantine, etc.) recommended for greenhouse premises. When planning protective measures, it is necessary to take into account the biology of greenhouse whitefly and various types of thrips. Preventive chemical treatment against pests in the autumn, when greenhouses are sealed for the winter, is relevant in Siberian conditions. This will prevent an increase in the number of phytophages in the winter and spring and reduce the number of chemical treatments.

Тhe research was conducted to study the effect of minimization of basic tillage on agrophysical properties of soil, root system development and crop yield of field crop rotation. The work was carried out in 2022–2024 on sod-podzolic soil of the Udmurt Republic. Experimental variants: moldboard tillage system, combined, direct sowing. The results of the calculation method of fractal geometry to determine the dependence of the root system morphology of the second crop of the field rotation on the system of basic tillage and indicators of agrocenosis productivity obtained by traditional methods of direct measurement are presented. The total length of the root system of mustard 152,6 cm was formed in the agrocenosis with annual moldboard plowing to a depth of 20 cm. At transition to a combined tillage system with alternating plowing under winter wheat with no-tillage at a depth of 10–12 cm and direct sowing, a reduction in root length to 93,9 and 73,9 cm was observed, respectively. The obtained results of morphometry of the root system of mustard are confirmed by direct measurement of the root mass of mustard when taking soil samples from the arable layer 0–20 cm by frame method of soil excavation. The highest accumulation of root mass of the crop 0,43 t/ha was observed at annual mouldboard plowing. When reducing the depth and area of tillage, there was a significant decrease in this indicator to 0,29–0,30 t/ha. The response of the root system of the second crop of the field rotation is conditioned by the conditions formed by the main tillage systems. Annual plowing provided better accumulation and preservation of productive moisture in the meter layer 103 mm against 85 and 83 mm at minimization of tillage. Direct sowing contributed to compaction of the arable layer of sod-medium-podzolic medium loamy soil up to 1,44 g/cm3. As a result, the highest yield of mustard 1,04 t/ ha was obtained with moldboard system of basic tillage.

A comparative comprehensive assessment of varieties and promising lines of spring durum wheat in terms of adaptability, stability of yield formation, resistance to drought and stress was carried out. For this purpose, the methods for determining ecological plasticity according to S.A. Eberhart, W.A. Russel, the AMMI method for determining the interaction of the genotype environment based on the effects of additive and multiplicative interactions according to R.W. Zobel et al., and J.M. Mondo et al. were used. To establish the degree of drought resistance and stress resistance, 11 indicators (indices) were used: TOL (Endurance Index); SI (Yield Stability Index); DI (Drought Tolerance Index); STI (Stress Tolerance Index); DSI (Fisher and Maurer Drought Tolerance Index); DSI* (Modified Fisher and Maurer Drought Tolerance Index); GMP (Geometric Productivity Index); HM (Mean Harmonic); RDI (Relative Drought Index); ATI (Abiotic Tolerance Index); SDI (Drought Sensitivity Index). According to the AMMI method, the yield-stable genotypes are Gordeiforme 11-98-3, Gordeiforme 12-169, Gordeiforme 12-17-2, Gordeiforme 13-37-2, adaptive genotypes Gordeiforme 12-17-2, Gordeiforme 13-37-2, Gordeiforme 14-83-1, Jemthujina Siberia and Omskаya jantarnaya. Calculation according to the method of S.A. Eberhart, W.A. Russell differentiated the varieties into 3 groups: 1stable genotypes that respond well to growing conditions: Gordeiform 12-16-9 and Omskaya Amber; 2 – highly stable, increasing yields in proportion to improving environmental conditions: Gordeiform 12-17-2, Gordeiform 13-37-2, Fortuna 24; 3 – extensive: Gordeiform 14-83-1, Omsk topaz. The stress and drought resistance indices TOL, SI, HM, DI, STI, DSI, DSI* GMP, SDI distinguish two samples: Gordeiforme12-17-2 and Omskaya jantarnaya. According to the relative drought index (RDI), Gordeiforme12-17-2, Gordeiforme14-83-1 and Jemthujina Sibiri stand out, and according to the abiotic tolerance index (ATI), Gordeiforme14-83-1 and Jemthujina Siberia. Revealed the most stress-resistant and stable genotypes: Gordeiforme 12-17-2, Gordeiforme 14-83-1 and Omskaya jantarnaya.

By-products of processing of various industries at an optimal level of their introduction into the diet of farm animals can increase the productivity of farm animals, and can also have a positive effect on metabolic processes in the body. In this regard, the introduction of different levels of sugar processing products and yeast production of domestic production into the diet of lactating cows during the milking period in the amount of 4.11 and 8.22 % in the composition of compound feed was considered, while reducing the proportion of sunflower meal, barley grain, beet pulp and an increase in corn grain. It has been established that the introduction of 8.22 % of the Vinassa feed product in the compound feed increases the uniformity of the fully mixed diet and reduces its separation by animals, which is probably due to its physico-chemical properties. In cows of the second experimental group, during the milking period, an increase in the gross milk yield of 4 % fat content during the milking period by 7.1 % and an increase in the gross milk fat yield by 7.1 % was found (the difference is significant). The introduction of the feed agent “Vinassa” in the amount of 8.22 % in the composition of compound feed during the separation period helps to optimize metabolic processes in the body, as evidenced by the results of a biochemical blood test.

The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of acclimatization on the physiological status indices of phenotypically healthy boars of PIC selection imported from abroad in the conditions of an industrial complex. The biochemical indices of the blood serum of boars aged 5 months upon import and 2 months later, as well as the indices of sperm production at the age of 1,5 years were assessed. The high level of cortisol in the blood serum of boars (92.3 nmol/l) upon import reflected the manifestation of acclimatization stress. At the end of the acclimatization period, a statistically significant decrease in this index was observed (80.5 nmol/l). At the same time, multidirectional changes in the content of thyroid hormones were registered an increase in the level of triiodothyronine and a tendency to decrease thyroxine in the blood serum were noted. The indicators of the biochemical status of boars of foreign breeding during import were mainly within the reference limits established by other authors. However, at the beginning of acclimatization, the animals were characterized by a lower content of total protein in the blood serum of imported animals (P < 0.001) compared with the post-adaptation period. After quarantine, all boars showed an increase in the content of total protein (by 42 %), albumin and chlorides (by 47 %), phosphorus (by 61 %). Depending on the initial serum cortisol content, the boars were classified into groups of conditionally stable (group 1) and susceptible (group 2). The cortisol level in the second group (126.0 nmol/l) was 2 times higher than in the first group (61.3 nmol/l). At the end of the acclimatization period, the indices in the groups leveled off. The indices of sperm production of boars in both groups were within the reference values established by other authors, which shows the absence of the influence of individual differences in the reaction to acclimatization stress on subsequent sperm production of boars.

Targeted sequencing is a promising method for genetic research in agriculture It is highly accurate, scalable and cost-effective, and these characteristics make it an important tool for animal breeding, quality control and genetic analysis. The creation of specialized panels of loci, such as AgriSeq, allows focusing on specific regions of the genome, such as SNPs associated with economically valuable traits (e.g., meat production), allowing breeders to specifically select animals with desired characteristics. This eliminates the randomness of traditional breeding methods, speeds up the process and increases its accuracy due to direct action on target genes. Panels are developed using bioinformatics tools that analyze genomic data and select the most informative SNPs. The aim of the study is to investigate the efficiency of detection and prevalence of loci from the proposed set of SNPs in the survey of new generations of Russian meat merino sheep breed. The object of the study was rams of the Russian meat merino breed born in 2021 and 2022 at the age of 12 months (n = 110). The developed panel of loci using AgriSeq technology contains 544 SNPs suitable for estimation of sheep parentage and 295 SNPs related to meat productivity of animals. After adjusting the list of loci for genotyping by sequencing in Russian meat merino sheep, it was found that the selected polymorphisms can be informative for a sufficiently long time. Analysis of the results showed that after modification of the set of loci, the panel for genotyping by sequencing in lambs showed high efficiency of detection of all variants of genotypes. The proposed panel of SNP loci meets the minimum requirements of the Russian legislation for determining the reliability of origin in breeding farms and will provide transparency and reliability of genetic information, which is important for certification of breeding animals. It is easy to use and can be implemented in breeding programs at the level of breeding farms and large farms.

The aim of the study was to create a control RNA sample for yellow fever virus (YFV) diagnostics using the LAMP method. Two control samples were obtained: recombinant plasmid DNA (pCR2.1-YFV-K+) and mRNA (RNA-YFV-K+). During the assessment of the analytical sensitivity by the LAMP method, it was found that both samples demonstrated a comparable detection limit of 104 copies/ml, which allows for effective detection of the viral genetic material in the first days of disease symptoms. A study of the sample stability showed that at a temperature of -15 to -25 °C, both samples retain their functionality even after tenfold defrosting/freezing. At a temperature of 2 to 8 °C, the samples are determined as positive for 7 days of storage. However, stability decreases at room temperature: for pCR2.1-YFV-K+ it remains up to 72 hours, and for RNA-YFV-K+ — up to 48 hours. To ensure stability, samples should be stored at low temperatures (-15 to -25°C or 2 to 8°C). Based on the results, RNA-YFV-K+ can be used as a control for analytical sensitivity and correctness of the reverse transcription reaction followed by amplification by the LAMP method, which is important for the detection of RNA-containing yellow fever virus.

The paper presents information on the spatiotemporal features of the functioning of the trichinellosis parasitic system in the Novosibirsk region. It has been established that the Novosibirsk region is unfavorable for human and animal trichinellosis, where the disease was recorded almost annually during the research period (2002–2023). The dynamics of the incidence of trichinellosis in humans and animals is undulating and characterized by a pronounced downward trend. The ranking of the territory by the level of morbidity of the population and animals revealed a mosaic of the spread of the pathogen. Of the 30 administrative districts, 23 are affected by trichinellosis, including 9 (30 %) with human and animal trichinosis, 16 (53,3 %) with animal trichinosis, and 17 (56,6 %) with human trichinosis. The pathogen circulates among animals of 6 species. The largest contribution to the structure of animal infection with trichinosis is made by pigs – 65.9 % (120 cases) and badgers – 19.2 % (35 cases). In bears, wild boars and rats, the disease occurs sporadically, which is due to the lack of research on these animals. For the first time, a capsule-free trichin species, T. pseudospiralis, was isolated for the region in the skeletal muscles of domestic chickens (Garkavi, 1972). The invasion of poultry by the causative agent of trichinellosis was 10.0%. The main aspects of parasitological monitoring as a tool for epizootological control of topical anthelminthiasis in the Novosibirsk region are highlighted.