In the article, the authors presented the results of the experimental work (2019-2021) to study the application of differentiated fertilizer application on cereal crops. Western Siberia is a region with risky conditions for stable grain crop production. Soft spring wheat and spring barley are the primary crops for food and feed. Soft spring wheat and spring barley are also characterized by a high demand for the most important environmental factors, which are highly variable. Current trends in precision farming imply the need for different technological operations. These operations are differentiated both in time and by individual crop rotation fields. At the same time, operations take more fully into account the bio-resource potential of cultivated agricultural enterprises. And these operations also take into account soil and terrain features, which are controlled by the aggregates and their links to technological operations. In the field, the authors used aggregates with differentiated application rates of fertilizers or crop protection products. The yield mapping is an element of precision farming technology. This technology is achieved by signal sensors on combined and onboard computers and GPS receivers during the harvesting period. An accurate map of the field, showing the characteristics of each field section, enables rational resource allocation and increases yields from each section of the field. The availability of digital maps ensures the optimization of fertilizer, seed, and water application to each section of the field. Under the conditions of the JSC Livestock Breeding Farm Irmen, Ordynsiky district, Novosibirsk region, the data are entered into the on-board computer of agricultural equipment going into the field, and innovative control of technological processes in crop production is carried out through GPS navigation. The work aims to improve the technology of the application of differentiated fertilizers to grain crops in the precision agriculture system under forest-steppe conditions in the Novosibirsk region Priobye. The research was carried out in 2019-2021 in the soil and climatic zone of drained forest steppe on leached chernozem at JSC Livestock Breeding Farm «Irmen» on spring wheat varieties Novosibirskaya 31, Licamero, as well as the spring barley variety Paustian. The use of differentiated fertilizer application contributes to an increase in grain yield parameters of spring wheat by 36% and of spring barley varieties by 28%. The study showed that differential fertilizer application contributes to the improvement of grain quality parameters of soft spring wheat.

In this article, the authors proposed the optimization of the bush structure of white Muscat grapes grown in a sheltered crop. Modern domestic viticulture is based on the use of industrial-type formations capable of producing the highest and highest quality yields. Industrial technology forms the basis for promising systems for vineyard management and bush formation. These technologies are best suited for the mechanization of vineyard maintenance work and allow for increased productivity and quality of work in the vineyards. The adaptive wine growing strategy is to increase production profitability by significantly increasing yields while at the same time improving product quality. A set of interrelated measures is needed to achieve this objective. These measures include improving the assortment and placement of varieties in the zones with the most favorable soil and climatic conditions. The adaptive viticulture strategy is to increase production profitability by significantly increasing yields while at the same time improving product quality. The most favorable opportunities to realize its productive potential are in simplified single-wire trellis plantations. Such plantings with long-stranded forms permit a dramatic increase in the shot load per unit area. The increased shoot capacity of the long-stranded forms and the corresponding optical characteristics of the leaf apparatus contribute to a yield increase of 1.5-2.0 times compared with conventional trellis forms.

The stability of grain production largely depends on prevailing weather conditions and cultivation technology. It also depends on the ability of the variety to maintain a high-level yield and grain quality under adverse environmental conditions. The study aims to determine the adaptive properties and genotype-medium interactions in yield formation in spring durum wheat lines. The authors conducted field research in 2019-2021 based on the breeding rotation of the durum wheat breeding laboratory of the FSBSI Omsk Research Center. The authors also conducted research at a seed production site in the steppe zone in the village of Novouralskiy, Tavrinsky district, Omsk region. Competitive varietal trials were laid on the pure pairing of 40 numbers and three registry varieties. The area of the plots was ten m², the repetition was double, and the placement was randomized. Weather conditions were contrasting both in terms of precipitation and temperature regime. Atypical meteorological conditions prevailed in 2019: favorable in the first vegetation period and drought conditions in the second (Volga type of drought). Drought conditions were observed throughout the summer of 2020. The most unfavorable conditions for grain filling and ripening occurred in 2021. Ecological plasticity parameters were calculated according to S.A. Eberhart and W.A. Russel. AMMI-analysis (additive main effect and multiplicative interaction) were determined according to R.W Zobel et al. The analysis showed the effectiveness of differentiation of genotype response to the environment by AMMI-analysis and the model of S.A. Eberhart, W.A. Russell. At the same time, AMMI analysis with graphs was more informative. The varieties Gordeiforme 11-70-7-7, Gordeiforme 11-47-1, and Gordeiforme 11-49-1-1 proved to be most responsive to changing growing conditions. The genotypes Gordeiforme 14-83-1, Gordeiforme 13-18-3, and Gordeiforme 13-37-2 stably form high productivity. The line of the variety Gordeiforme 12-11-7 has the least interaction between genotype and environment.

The authors presented the results of studying the effect of preparation TurMax and BioVays on the productivity of spring wheat. Spring wheat is grown as the second crop after fallow in the northern foreststeppe conditions of the Priobye region. During the study, the authors found that these fertilizers had an effective influence on crop growth and development throughout the growing season. The preparation TurMax increases the standing density of the plants at the beginning of the crop’s vegetation by an average of 2.1%, while BioVays increases it by 5.3%. This trend persisted in the milk-wax maturity phase of the grain. The survival rate of plants when treated with TurMax and BioVays increased relative to the control variant by 9.7 and 11.9%. Productive bushiness increased by 4.9 and 3.5%, respectively. Seed treatment with TurMax and BioVays increased the weight of 1000 seeds by 1.3% and 2.2% when growing wheat in the background of nitrogen fertilizer application at a dose of 60 kg a.i. (active ingredient) / ha. This value increased by 4.5% and 5.2%, respectively, without the application of nitrogen fertilizer. The combination of seed and crop treatment with BioVays and TurMax increased this value by 6.3% in the tilling phase. On fertilized background, the best result was obtained in variants TurMax + BioVays and BioVays + BioVays, where the weight of 1000 seeds increased by 3.9% and 3.5%. Seed treatment withTurMax and BioVays increased yield by 0.20% and 0.22% t/ha when growing wheat with nitrogen fertilizer. The pretreatment of seeds with TurMax and the treatment with BioVays in the wheat tiller phase increased the yield against fertilizer by 0.60 t/ha, and against an unfertilized background, the increase was 0.34 t/ha. When treated with BioVays in the tillering phase, the crop yield increased by 0.55 t/ha against the fertilized background and by 0.27 t/ha against the unfertilized background.

The research aims to study the growth, development, and productivity of two grape varieties cultivated in different climatic zones using various agronomic techniques. At the same time, some grape varieties bred by foreign breeders have been tested and are successfully grown in the industrial vineyards of the country. In their work, the authors analyzed the effects of different agronomic practices and influences on the technical variety Crystal of the Hungarian selection and the table variety Augustin of the Bulgarian selection under different climatic conditions. Taking into account the biological characteristics of the grape varieties and the right choice of farming techniques can unlock the full potential plant and give the maximum possible effect. The key factors are the method of bush formation and grape shoot load, among all agro techniques used in plantations during grape cultivation. The authors evaluated the efficiency of the techniques used in the course of their research on the indicators of shoot fructification and quantitative and qualitative yield indices. The authors found that the yield of the Augustin variety was 55-95% lower than that of the Crystal variety when using the same shrubs. Only the rate of bush shoot load varied. The maximum yield of variety Crystal was established in the variant with a Y-shaped formation of bushes and was 17.3 t/ha. The shoot development was at 67-72% in both varieties, but the fruiting capacity of the shoots of the variety Crystal was almost two times higher.

The authors presented the results of a study of the morphology of Allium seeds from the subgenus Cepa: Cepa section (Mill.) Prokh. A. fistulosum L., A. altaiсum Pall., A. galanthum Kar. & Kir., A. oschaninii O. Fedtsch., A. pskemense B. Fedtsch.; Schoenoprasum Dum. – A. altyncoliсum, A. ledebourianum, A. oliganthum, A. schoenoprasum L.; Condensatum N. Friesen – A. condensatum, from the biocollection of All-Russian Research Institute of Vegetable Growing – Branch of the Federal State Budgetary «Scientific Institution Federal Scientific Centre for Vegetable Growing») (Moscow region). Seeds were 2.74 – 3.50 mm long and 1.33 – 2.14 mm wide. The morphological characteristics of the seeds can be used as additional taxonomic indicators in the identification and classification of taxa within the Cepa subgenus of the genus Allium. The authors measured the morphometric and optical parameters of the seeds by image analysis using VideoTest-Morphology software developed at Argus Bio Ltd. (St. Petersburg). Seed digital images were obtained using an HP Scanjet 200 digital flatbed scanner, 600 dpi resolution, and JPG file format. Morphometric parameters of seeds were determined, including projection area (cm²), length, width, perimeter, average size (mm), average diameter Fere, factors of roundness, elongation, ellipse, rugosity (relative units), parameters of brightness, tonality, color saturation (relative units). Based on the results of the study, a series of distributions of species was compiled in descending order of each of the characters studied. Within the Cepa section, the seeds of A. pskemense had the maximum linear size, perimeter, and cross-sectional area. Within the Schoenoprasum section, the seeds of A. altyncolium had the maximum length. The maximum width, perimeter, cross-sectional area, and average diameter of Fere seeds were recorded for A. ledebourianum. In the Cepa section, the average RGB value in descending order was as follows: A. pskemense > A. galanthum > A. fistulosum > A. altaiсum > A. oschaninii. In the Schoenoprasum section, this series is as follows. A. schoenoprasum > A. ledebourianum > A. altyncoliсum > A. oliganthum.

The study aims to assess the impact of the main tillage system, predecessors and mineral fertilizers on the phytosanitary condition of crops and grain yield in the grain fallow crop rotation. The authors researched the educational and experimental farm «Minderlinskoye» FSBEI HE Krasnoyarsk State Agrarian University, located in the Krasnoyarsk forest-steppe conditions. It was found that the application of the herbicide tank mixture (preparations Puma Super 100 + Sekator Turbo) has a significant positive effect on the regulatory impact on the weed component of agrophytocenosis. The authors established the effect in variants with traditional moldboard main tillage (plowing at 20–22 cm) and without it in fertilized and unfertilized backgrounds. The highest technical efficiency of the herbicides applied was observed in the moldboard treatment variant (86–94%) compared to thenon-treatment variant. The authors revealed a decrease in the damage to the underground organs of spring wheatwhen placed after green manure rapeseed fallow in options with moldboard plowing by 20–22 cm and without basic tillage compared to such a predecessor as corn. The index of root rot development increases by 23.2% (plowing, fertilized background) and 37.5% (plowing, unfertilized background) when barley is placed as a second grain crop. These figures are 21.0% and 33.2% for no-tillage, which ultimately affects the yield of grain crops. The highest biological yield of spring wheat grain was obtained in the variant with moldboard plowing after green manure rapeseed fallow. The grain yield of spring wheat was higher in the variant without basic tillage on the fertilized background when placing crops of this crop after corn.

The authors presented the results of a study of the electrical and dielectric characteristics of wetted wheat grains by measuring their complex electrical resistance (impedance Z) in a wide frequency range (from 1 Hz to 100 MHz). The results of electrical impedance measurements of grains with surface or volumetric moisture content under different experimental conditions can provide useful information on the properties of the biological tissues of grain crops. These results can also be used to develop a new type of impedance sensor for testing grain quality and moisture content. The authors used well-dried wheat grains and grains saturated with moisture and saline as objects of research. A major problem in grain impedance measurements is the selection of a suitable electrode material to be placed on the end surfaces of the samples. The electrodes must ensure reliable contact with the grain and have a minimum transient resistance. The end surfaces of the pressed samples were reinforced with a protective dielectric ring to prevent transverse deformation. These contacts provided a transition resistance between 1-2 ohms. The authors have identified processes of accumulation of electric charges near the surface of metal electrodes at low frequencies and on internal grain structures, leading to an increase in the dielectric permittivity and dissipation factor. The behavior of the active and reactive components of the impedance at higher frequencies is determined by dielectric relaxation processes. The obtained impedance spectra were compared with the spectra of the most suitable equivalent electrical circuits. The radio components of the circuits provide information about the basic mechanisms of alternating electric current flow through the complex inhomogeneous structure of the grain. The authors found that moistening the grain with saline water enhances the process of accumulation of electric charges and affects the dispersion of the real and imaginary components of the impedance.

One of the most important tasks of veterinary practice is to find and develop an effective and environmentally friendly method of disinfecting livestock room air that can be used in the presence of animals and service personnel. Currently, low-pressure discharge lamps are used for indoor air sanitation as a source of ultraviolet (UV) radiation. However, these devices can pose serious environmental pollution risks. Therefore, the main objective of this work was to investigate the bactericidal effectiveness of pulsed broadband optical radiation on the microbial contamination of the house air of livestock and concerning sanitary positive microorganisms. In the article, the authors presented a description of the technical characteristics of the Zarya-1 device based on the use of pulsed high-intensity optical radiation of a continuous spectrum. This spectrum is generated by powerful high-temperature (10000 – 40000 K) plasma sources, developed by SRIP (State Ryazan Instrument Plant) JSC. The bactericidal effect of broadband radiation on the microflora of the air in the livestock building was investigated. The experiment was carried out in the vivarium. Open Petri dishes with dense nutrient media were placed at three points for the deposition of dust particles, microorganisms, and aerosol droplets by gravity. The results obtained were recorded after 24 h. In their study, the authors revealed a reduction in the total microbial count of air in all five variants after exposure to irradiation for durations of 14, 16, 17, 18, and 19 min. Therefore, at the 14 min duration  of irradiation, the effectiveness of the sanitary parameters reached 97.12 % and at the 19 min duration 99.78 %.

The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the primary databases of zootechnical records in western Siberia. The object of the study was the records on milk productivity (milk yield during the whole lactation, milk fat content, milk protein content, amount of milk fat, amount of milk protein), duration of lactation (service period, dry period, inter-breeding period), age of the first fruitful insemination and information on the origin of 20,000 Holstein cows. The validity of the raw data was assessed by assuming a Gaussian distribution without significant human influence. For this purpose, the Anderson-Darling test and corresponding visualization using histograms and quantile-quantile plots were applied. The list of traits of milk production was based on the values of the Anderson-Darling criterion. The authors found that the highest levels of this criterion were correlated with milk fat and protein. And the indicator «milk yield» was practically absent from the list of traits of dairy productivity. These results can be explained by the fact that in most enterprises, the value of milk yield was higher than the appraisal threshold values. An analysis of the genealogical trees of the studied breeding enterprises was carried out, along with the use of statistical criteria. This analysis revealed the inappropriate assignment of several dozen of offspring to a single mother. Thus, the presented approach can be used to identify outliers associated with human factors. And it can also be related to improper methodological support of the sampling process and errors in the work of the laboratories of selective milk quality control associated with the sampling and delivery of samples.

The article presents the therapeutic efficacy of Biozinc in the treatment of cattle with serous mastitis. The authors revealed a decrease in the number of somatic cells in milk in the experimental group of cows to 170 thousand, which corresponds to the milk from a healthy animal. Cows in the experimental group showed a positive trend in milk quality. Five cows had watery milk. Positive changes in milk quality were evident 12 hours after the first injection in the form of a reduction in flake secretion from the affected quarters. Milk was watery in all cows of the experimental group by the third day, without flakes and white color. The authors note a positive trend during disease treatment by the end of the first day of treatment in both test groups. Complete recovery was noted in ten animals, which was 100%, in the experimental group, which were treated with Biozinc. Complete recovery occurred after 3.00±0.15 days. The therapeutic efficacy was 100%. In the control group, seven cows (70%) recovered. A hematological examination revealed a 15.52 g/l (18.1 %) increase in hemoglobin level in the experimental group of animals and a 0.88 x 1012/l (P<0.05) increase in erythrocyte count. Through serum biochemical studies, the authors found that cows with serous mastitis showed changes in such parameters as protein, bilirubin, alanine aminotransferase (ALAT), and aspartate aminotransferase (ASAT). Cows in the experimental group showed a 21.5% (P<0.01) decrease in protein content after treatment. The values of ASAT in the control group decreased by 35.2%, and in the experimental group - by 42.6%. The values of ALAT also tended to decrease by 38.7% in the control group and by 48.6% in the experimental group (P<0.001).

In the USSR, the gamase mite Varroa jacobsoni (Oudemans) was first found on Middle Indian bees (Apis cerana F.). Mites from this bee species have also spread to the species Apis mellifera L. In the plans for breed testing introduced in all apiaries of the USSR, bee queens and packages with bees from the Far East infected with varroaatosis appeared. In a short time, the infestation has appeared in all apiaries from Vladivostok to Brest. Numerous medicines are now produced for various bee diseases, which are used uncontrollably for treatment and prophylaxis. Each drug carries a great danger if it enters the human body with food. What harms the parasite will also harm the host. Therefore, all medicines weaken the immunity of bees, making them even more vulnerable. The Department of Biology, Bioresources and Aquaculture at Novosibirsk State Agrarian University has for the firsttime developed methods of treating bees without the use of drugs. Varroatosis was controlled by heat treatment. During the thermal treatment of the apiary, 200 to 1,000 mites were counted per apiary. The average mite incidence in an apiary was 2.82 % (0.35 to 8.5 %). The results of the thermal treatment of bee colonies have shown that it is a labour-intensive treatment, but it is available to every farmer and beekeeper and can be used effectively against mites and viruses even in production apiaries where there is no special room. We have found that viral diseases are spread by the mite and that this process is exacerbated by unfavourable conditions.

Representatives of the cypress family (Onagraceae) are among the most valuable melliferous plants of the herbaceous flora of temperate latitudes in Russia. These honeybees are inferior to linden and white acacia among woody plants. It is known that maximum honey yields from the narrow-leaved willow (Epilobium angustifolium L.) are obtained in fresh heaths (3-5 years). The paper considers the dynamics of nectar production in different geographical zones depending on the bioecological characteristics of the honeybee. The ecological conditions on the unforested lands of the Middle Taiga in the Northwest region (Leningrad region) differ significantly from those of the rangelands. Distinct from particularly young havens, which form during certain periods of plant community development. Therefore, the willow herb on forest edges and glades is not as abundant (20 pcs./m²). The number of flowers per plant is lower (62 pcs.) than that of plants on fire sites (92 pcs.). The honey productivity is 140 kg/ha on fallow land and 50 kg / ha at the forest edges. In the taiga zone of western Siberia after deforestation and fires, narrow-leafed willow (Epilobium angustifolium) produces abundant nectar for the first 5-7 years. Control hive readings reach 18-24 kg per day, honey production reaches 350 kg/ha. Analysis of the main pollinators and honey collectors on Cypress flowers showed that in the southern regions of Western Siberia, beekeepers do not feel the presence of competing honeybees. A census of melliferous species in the Vasyugany region revealed the presence of marsh bunting (Epilobium palustre L.), from which bees collect pollen (21.31 g, 2.09 % of total pollen) in July in a beige-purple color. In the south, the honey productivity of the strong bearer cypress (Epilobium angustifolium L.) reaches 800 kg/ha, while in the north it does not produce nectar. On the territory of the Republic of Mari El, the productivity of honey in the burned areas of pine and linden spruce forests, where powerful thickets of willow herb develop, reaches 492 kg/ha.

The relevance of this work lies in the lack of information in the scientific literature on the existence of differences between sow families in herds of laboratory mini-pigs. The study aims to establish whether or not there are differences between the reproductive traits of the sows of the mini-sows of IC&G SB RAS. The following criteria were selected as difference criteria: newborn piglet weight, piglet weight at one month of age, sow weight on day 5 after farrowing, number of piglets in the nest, and their survival from 0 to 30 and from 6 to 30 days of age. The study was based on the zootechnical record of the mini-pigs of the IGCC SB RAS (2013– 2020), which included information on 2315 newborn and 622-month-old piglets from 311 clutches of 135 sows of different ages. The genealogical structure of the herd is represented by three families: KB1902, KB1906, and KB1910. The study showed differences between all three families in terms of newborn piglet weight, as evidenced by the Kruskal-Wallis test (57.57***). The authors found no differences in the age composition of the sows, their multiple births, and the survival of the offspring. For piglet weight at one month of age and sow weight at day 5 post farrowing, establishing the validity of the differences must be further tested. The trait ranking showed that in the progeny of sows KB1902 and KB1906 the predominant sows had a live weight of 601–700g, but in the KB1910 family, the progeny had a live weight of 701–800g. The main reason for the differences between sow families in terms of largeness appears to be heredity.