The article explores biochemical complexes of apricots (Prunus armeniaca L.) of different varieties (Dzhengutaevskiy, Krasnoshchekiy, Khonabah and Shalah), which grow in the unique soil and climatic conditions of the Republic of Dagestan on the plain, and in the fruit zones located in the foothills and in the mountainous river valley. The researchers investigated the components of apricots by means of flame and atomic absorption photometry. The composition  of titratable acids, sugars, pectin substances and vitamin C was determined colorimetrically by titrimetric, phenolic compounds and vitamin P. The paper identifies varieties valuable for consumption and appropriate environmental zones in Dagestan, where the apricot varieties can reveal their biological properties most. Such studies are important and relevant both for effective use of resource capacities in fruit zones located at different heights above sea level, and for production of new apricot products with high nutritional values. The revealed varietal differences in the biochemical complexes of the studied fruits allow to assess their nutritional values. The authors observed the highest number of pectin substances in Shalah fruits – 0.84%, vitamin C – 15.7 mg%, phenolic substances – 137.1 mg% and vitamin P – 72.5 mg% and all macro - and microelements typical for apricot, except copper. Honabach variety had a high amount of sugar and copper, and Gengutsu – titratable acids. The highest concentration of magnesium and iodine was observed in Shalah and Krasnoshchekiy varieties respectively 63,4-57,0 and 1,2-1,1 mkg%. The authors outline that environmental conditions of the mountain valley contribute to the increased accumulation of titrated acids, vitamins C and P, phenolic and pectin substances and  zinc, copper and Fe in apricots. Adaptation of all studied varieties to soil and climatic factors of the plain increased concentration of sugar, potassium, calcium, magnesium, sodium and iodine in fruits. The results of experiment on biochemical composition of apricots allow us to recommend producing of new crop plantings taking into consideration the altitude gradient of the growing place. The data obtained on nutritional value of apricot varieties Dzhengutaevskiy, Krasnoshchekiy, Khonabah and Shalah  varieties can be applied for developing formulations for new functional food products.

The yield of black currant is one of the most important economic indicators of the variety. It is determined by many factors; one of them is morphological features of a bush: the number of main branches, length of shoots, the number of tassels (bunches), the number of berries in the bunch and the mass of berries. The article explores differences in the real and prospective productivity of new black currant hybrids in the selection of Far-Eastern State Agrarian University. The researchers investigated two hybrids, identified by the results of many years research in the selection garden. Novosel variety was chosen as a control one as it has higher taste properties of berries and productivity than other zoned variety Amurskiy konservnyy. The research was carried out in accordance with the program and methods of variety study of fruit, berry and nut crops, developed in Russian Research Institute of Fruit Crops Selection in 1999. Prospective productivity of new hybrids of black currant is much higher than that of the control variety Novosel. New varieties of black currant have longer fruit-bearing shoots and greater number of bearing nodes. Otherwise, the real yield does not differ significantly from the control one. The differences in real and prospective productivity are mainly determined by external factors. This indicates the necessity to develop varietal agricultural machinery that reduces crop losses.  The article highlights the reasons that result in decrease in the real productivity of black currant. They are high temperatures in the ripening period. One of the studied hybrids (9-26) is promising for horticulture in Amur region, as it has bigger berries than that of zoned varieties.

The paper highlights the effect of inoculation by means of biological specimens on formation of photosynthetic parameters, nodule-forming capacities and yield of pea grain. The authors reveal the varieties which mostly respond to the tillage, effective specimens and methods of their application. The researchers explored two varieties of pea as Omskiy 9 and Omskiy 18 and two biological specimens (risotorphine and ruminatine). The study was conducted in the experimental fields of Omsk agricultural research center in 2016-2017 in the following variants: control (without inoculation), inoculation by means of  risotorphine, inoculation by ruminatine and combined tillage. The researchers observed different meteorological conditions during the research. The experiments and calculations of the experimental data were carried out by means of general methodics. The positive effect of inoculation on increasing of such parameters as leaf surface index and photosynthetic potential is observed. Active symbiotic potential, number and weight of nodules rhizosphere of pea had a maximum value when being treated by biospecimen ruminatine and combined inoculation of seeds by risotorphine and ruminatine. The authors highlight significant positive relationship between photosynthetic and active symbiotic potential. Inoculation influenced the yield of pea varieties in a different way in the years of research. The results of variance analysis showed that conditions of experiment influenced the yield of varieties – 34.4 %, the proportion of inoculation effect was 25.0 % and genotype – 17,3 %. Omsk 18 variety was characterized by the highest rates of photosynthetic and symbiotic activity. Seed treatment with ruminatine and combined inoculation with risotorphine and ruminatine have impact when growing pea in the conditions of southern forest-steppe of Western Siberia.

The paper reveals the experimental results of long-term agroecological monitoring of agricultural land, conducted by Tomsk state agrochemical service, and experiments on designing the measures to improve efficiency of acidic arable land. In Tomsk region, 83% of arable land is acidic and the degree of acidity increases annually. Every 10 years weighted average pH is reduced on 0.1-0.2 units; the area of acidic soils increases. There is an urgent need for liming these soils in order to improve efficiency of agricultural production in Tomsk region. According to the calculations, the region requires 3,248 million tons of chalky flour. The region has its own large deposits of limestone, for example Kamenskoe (61 million tons), located 50 km from Tomsk, where it is possible to produce valuable meliorant, increasing efficiency of agricultural production. The authors make case, that for successful development of agricultural production in Tomsk region, it is necessary to design and implement long-term target program “Chalking of acid soils in Tomsk region”, which assumes compensation for agricultural producers for the part of the cost of liming; design and technical support of works; local production of limestone meliorants. Implementation of the acidic soil liming program will increase annual crop production in Tomsk region on 54.9 - 129.2 thousand tons of grain units, therefore it will increase annual income on 494.1 - 1162.8 million rubles (in 2017 prices), as well as ensure further increase in agricultural land fertility with high fertilizer efficiency, product quality and profitability.

Soil compaction after sowing reduces overall porosity, increases thermal conductivity and heating of the upper layer, which increases the contact of seeds with the soil, accelerates water consumption, swelling and germination of seedlings of crops. Currently, the most part of drills, including seeding systems, press the soil by the rolls of different modifications simultaneously with sowing. After sowing crops, the upper (0-10 cm) soil layer has insufficient compaction (less than 1.00-1.05 g/cm³) and increased non-capillary porosity (more than 50%), which leads to moisture losses from the upper layer. The researchers found out that rolling-up contributes to increasing of the top layer clumpiness on 5.8% on average and reduces erodability of the field surface on14.4% with weak soil response to deflation (less than 50 g). The experimental results on effectiveness of additional pressrolling after sowing SKP-2.1 on the fall variants of the steam field treatment to a depth of 20-22 cm showed that seed germination was increased on 11.3%, and grain increase was 0.09-0.15 t/ha or 4.2-7.2%. On minimal steam treatment, (depth of 10-12 cm) additional soil press rolling was not sufficiently effective. On the black-earth soils of the forest-steppe of Western Siberia, press-rolling of the soil after sowing SKP-2,1 contributes to additional grain yield of winter rye and durum wheat to 0,14-0,23 t/ha (6,1-11,0 %). Additional rolling after sowing by SKP-2,1 and John Deere 1820 with pointed tines for autumn backgrounds increases grain yield in the second wheat after steam from 2.52 to 2.74 t/ha, or 8.7%.

The article highlights the experimental results on the structure of micromycete complex of feed crops seeds  in the forest-steppe of Western Siberia. The researchers investigated more than 50 sets of seeds of different soya varieties (Glycine hispida), chick-pea (Cicer arietinum), spring rape (Brassica napus), red clover (Trifolium pratense) and lupine (Lupínus polyphyllus). The authors observed that micromycete complex contains a lot of seed infections in the mafic hyphomycetes of the genus Alternaria (average of 15.8–52.3 %) and Cladosporium (5,7–38,0 %), less common were Fusarium fungi and fungi. The distinguished fungi contained smaller number of Pythium, Botrytis, Verticillium, Rhizoctonia, Curvularia, Peronospora, Stemphylium, Ascochyta, Trichotecium and Corynespora. The article reveals the features of the structure of micromycetes complex on the lupine seeds. The seed material was strongly infected by Colletotrichum lupini (Bondar) Nirenberg, Feiler & Hagedorn (from 37.5 to 62.5%, depends on the variety), which strongly damaged the crops during the growing season (the disease development index varied from 30 to 100 %). The concentration of Fusarium fungi on the seeds of all crops varied from 2.6 to 15.4%; the authors observed the dominating  species as F. oxysporum, F. oxysporum var. orthoceras, F. solani, F. solani var. argillaceum, F. sambucinum, F. sambucinum. var. minus, F. gibbosum, F. avenaceum, F. sporotrichiella var. poae. The authors found out that fungi (species of Penicillium, Aspergillus, etc.) is more extracted from the seeds in humid years like 2015, compared with more droughty years like  2016 and 2017. They were mostly observed in the rape seeds (20,2%) and chick-pea (15.8 %). The results of the phytoexpertise show that the problem of contamination of fodder crops by pathogens and the saprophytic mycoflora leads to bed quality of forage crops and seed germination. This problem is very urgent and relevant in, the conditions of forest-steppe of Western Siberia. The high level of seed infection indicates the necessity to strong following the procedure of storage and pre-treatment of seeds with chemical or biological agents.

The paper highlights the results of Morphological studies of soils formed on the outer 30year dumps of overburden and host rocks of the Gorlovskiy deposit and leached chernozem soil. The authors found out that soil covering contains initial, organic accumulative and sod types of embryosimes. Comparative morphological characteristics of soils indicates differences between chernozems and technogenic landscape soils. The results show that soil formation increases concentration of pedogenic organic matter in the soils which is almost equal to that in the black soil. The paper represents qualitative assessment of the soils. The authors calculate the index of specific features which reveals significant differences in the contribution to total variation of different soil properties. The article shows that embryosimes formed on loose sediments are the most fertile. It is established that the level of quality value in rocky soils is determined by concentration of physical clay; in the soils formed on loose rocks it is explained by humus concentration.. The ecosystem is not in a meta-stable climax state; it is developing dynamically, being at the stage of forming sod embryosimes. Therefore, the soil and environmental condition of tailings is satisfactory, as the embryosimes have not been formed after 31 years later the initial phase of technogenesis started. Humus accumulating embryosimes are expected to be formed in the soil covering as well as dry steppe souls on technogenic eluvium and neogenic clays.

The paper highlights that genetic diversity of wheat is the basis for higher resistance of plants to bad environmental conditions and higher crop yield, which can be achieved by including genetic resources similar to species and varieties in the hybridization. The authors estimate the basic criteria of race non-specific resistance to leaf and stem rust of synthetic lines which contain Ae. Tausсhii genome. The Research was conducted  at the experimental field of Omsk State Agrarian University in 2016-2017. The paper explores  juvenile resistance of synthetic lines during inoculation of seedlings by 4 isolates of Puccinia triticina pathogens isolated from brown rust populations collected on wheat crops in Leningrad, Tambov, Chelyabinsk regions and the Krasnodar Territory. The authors shift the synthetic lines, which are recommended as initial material for selection on race non-specific resistance to leaf and stem rust: No. 5 Langdon / Ku-2096, No. 9 Ukr-Od 952.92 / Ae. sq.(1031), №14 Langdon / Ku -2075, №19 Ukr-Od 1530.94 / Ae. sq.(1027), No. 21 Langdon / Ku20-9, No. 22 Langdon / Ig 48042, No. 24 Aisberg / Ae. sq.(511), No. 29 Langdon / IG 126387, No. 42 UKR-Od 1530.94 / Ae. sq.(310) and No. 52 Langdon / Ku-2100. The authors identify gene resistance to brown rust and conducted genotyping of the synthetic lines by SNP-markers associated with resistant gene to stem rust Sr2. The researchers outline synthetic lines №19 UKR-Od 1530.94 / Ae. sq.(1027) which carries a combination of resistant genes  Lr34 + Lr39 (Lr41), characterized by high resistance in the later stage of development in Omsk and Leningrad regions; and №24 Aisberg / Ae. sq.(511) with age resistant  gene to stem rust Sr2, characterized by moderate resistance to stem rust populations in the conditions of Western Siberia.

The research was  conducted in selection crop rotation of Krasnoyarsk Research Agricultural Institute in Krasnoyarsk forest-steppe zone of East Siberian region in 2013-2016. The authors observed strongly opposite  Agrometeorological conditions in the vegetation periods of research periods: 2013 and 2014 were rather humid where hydrothermal index was 2.20 and 2.11); 2015 was characterized by insufficient humidity (1,21); humidity in 2016 was equal to 1,59.  The paper highlights the specimens that are of practical significance.  Abalak, E-88-5893 and T-66-3194 contain higher amount of gross protein (5,00-5,10 t/ha); Kedr, Buyan , Olenek, T-66-3194, U-49-3795, U-273593,U-30-3624 and F-68-4721 contain higher number of grains in the main spike (19,1-22,4); Kedr, BIOM and TS-29-5047 are significant for their mass of 1000 grains (47,5-49,6); higher crop yield capacity  was observed in  Abalak, E-88-5893, T-66-3194,U-49-3795, F-68-4721 (significant increase to the standard 3.3 to 5.6 C/ha, or 8.5 to 14.5%); environmental stability (St2) was typical for  E- 88-5893, T-66-3194,U-27-3593 and U-30-3624; response to better cultivating conditions was observed in Kedr (1.14), Olenek (1.38), Abalak (1.10), U-49-3795 (1.09) and F-68-4721 ( 1.09); General adaptive ability is typical for – Abalak (4,05), E-88-5863 (3,63) and T-66-3194 (4,33); specific adaptive capacity was observed in significant Kedr, Vulkan, Abalak, Olenek, U-49-3795 and F - 68-4721; genotype stability (Sgi) – E-88-5893, T-66-3194, U-27-3593, U-30-3624; selection value of the genotype (SGI) is typical for Vulkan (23,20), Olenek (20,30), Abalak (22,11), E-88-5893 (21,84), T-66-3194 (22,21), U-27-3593 (20,00), U-49-3795 (21,10) and F-68-4721 (20,90), which confirms their higher adaptive properties in extreme conditions of Eastern Siberia. The researchers outline efficient lines:  E-88-5893 (Emelya) and T-66-3194 (Takmak).

The authors conduct spectral analysis of silver nanoparticles by means of electronic spectroscopy and small-angle scattering. The research showed the stability of nanoparticles sizes, which is achieved by application of polyvilpyrrolidone, which prevents significant formation of their agglomerates, causing significant changes in therapeutic and physico-chemical characteristics of the substance. Asymmetric form of the electronic spectrum showed slight aggregation of nanoparticles with polymorphic polyhedral structures. The slight width of the line of spectral analysis indicates small range of silver particle sizes. The data obtained on the absorption intensity in the high-frequency and low-frequency areas of the spectrum indicate lower number of particles with a size 1 ± 2 nm, and aggregative forms of  about 50 nm in a concentrated solution. The assessment of the size and shape of silver nanoparticles was carried out by means of  transmission electronic microscopy method. It showed spherical, triangular and polyhedral nanoparticles that could be used as medical drugs (oral or parenteral application)  preventing damages for cells and tissues of animals and humans. The studies conducted  by means of transmission electron microscopy method contributed to highlighting the polymorphism of silver nanoparticles that Argovit specimen contains,, and  their size which  is 67.7 ± 19.4 nm with a ellipticity degree of 1.3 ± 0.3. Dilution of Argovit specimen with 1:10 distilled water causes a reduction in nanoparticles size to 36.0 ± 12.7 nm and their ellipticity to 1.19 ± 0.14. The application of the specimen will be effective in pharmacology, provided that pharmacological and toxicological studies are conducted to assess therapeutic effect and safety.

The paper highlights the results of the experiment conducted at the Simbirsk poultry farm of Ulyanovsk region. The researchers arranged two similar groups of laying hens. Each group contained 364 laying hens. The hens were fed with the same full-feed fodder, but the hens from the experimental group received Lipovitam Beta by means of stepwise mixing method.   The specimen contains  β-carotene, vitamin C, vitamin E, butyloxyanisole, phospholipids 240 grams per 1 t of mixed fodder. The authors prove the efficiency of using liposomal form of the antioxidant vitamin complex “Lipovitam Beta” when feeding laying hens in order to enhance the antioxidant system and, therefore, assimilation processes. These processes contribute to better synthesis of protein in the body of laying hens and higher concentration of protein in the blood serum by means of albumins, globulins and higher protein concentration in the egg..  Application of the specimen  in the compound feed contributes to longer egg-laying peak (from 97 to 102 days) and egg-laying capacity (by 22.87 and 18.25 eggs), better amino acid composition of eggs, their amino acid scores, which indicates their higher biological and nutritional value.

The research aims at revealing possible correlations among the dose of microbiological specimen vetom 21.77, body weight and concentration of erythrocytes and hematoglobulin in the poultry blood which received the specimen. The researchers arranged 5 groups: the control group and 4 experimental ones. Each group contained 20 broilers. The researchers used 5 chickens additionally in order to define critical hematological parameters before applying the specimens in the experimental groups. The specimen was applied when feeding the poultry from 1-4 experimental groups orally once a day dosed 2, 5, 50 and 300 μl / kg of weight, respectively, with food and water for 7 days. The chickens from the control group didn’t get the specimen. When analyzing the results obtained,  the digital data was visualized using the swing diagrams and correlation diagrams in order to detail the observed tendencies. At the final stage of the experiment, the average absolute weight of broilers which received vetom 21..77 in the investigated doses was on 0.2-1.4% higher in comparison with the same parameter in the control group. Median parameters   of the absolute  poultry weight which received the specimen dosed 50 and 300 μl / kg of body weight, were on 1.4 and 1.9% higher in the control group. The number of erythrocytes in the poultry blood which received vetom 21.77 at a dose of 300 μl / kg of mass was higher at the end of the experiment than in the control group on 6.3% (P <0.05). The median of the sample exceeded the median of the control group on 8.9%. The average parameters   of hematoglobulin concentration in the blood of chickens which  received the specimen at doses of 50 and 300 μl / kg of mass were on 3.4 (P <0.01) and 3.8% (P <0.01) higher. Medians of these groups were higher than those in the control group on 5%. The article highlights the correlations between the dose of the specimen and live body weight (P <0.001), and between the concentration of erythrocytes (P 0.001) and hematoglobulin (P 0.001) in the blood of experimental poultry.

The article describes helminthological experiments  of the hoofed mammals on 6 maral farms and 1 hunting farm located in different regions of the Russian Federation, exactly in the Altai Territory and, Kaluga and Tver regions. The researchers investigated 773 samples of coprological material and highlighted the main pathogens of parasitic diseases: they are elaphostrongyls, intestinal strongylitis, eimerias, trichocephalans, scabies and nematodes. The researchers identified 12 types of pathogens. The authors observed highest rates of invasiveness caused by elaphostrongillosis, gastrointestinal strongylitis, trichocephalosis, and nematodeirozis in marals inhabiting in the Altai Territory. Their degree of  invasion extensity  was 100, 90, 87.5 and 25%, whereas  invasion intensity was 9842, 147, 19 and 2 samples. The extensive invasion when experiencing eimeriosis reaches maximum parameters in mouflons at 100% when intensive invasion is 45 oocysts per gram of material. Scallop mites are widely spread in Tver region among the European deer population when extensive invasion is 85.7% and intensive invasion is 2 samples. The common causative agents of invasive diseases among the animals are gastrointestinal strongylitis, eumeria, elaphostrongyls, trichocephaly, scabies and nematodes. They are observed in three regions of Russia.  The difference in the extensive and intensive rates of invasion depends on the geographical, climatic and anthropogenic factors that comprehensively influence their changes to a certain extent.

The paper highlights longevity  of industrial use of cows. The authors analyze criteria of dairy productivity during the first lactation, maximum lactation and lifetime of cows in relation to their linear belonging, heifers fertility in the highest lactation and the of the first successful insemination. The longer period of industrial use was observed in Montvik Chiftein cows (2.90 lactations), in offsprings of low-fertile cows (2.97 lactations) and in cows that were first successfully inseminated aged 15-18 months (2.95 lactations) . The indicators of lifetime milk productivity in Montvik Chiftein cows are higher in comparison with Vis Ideal cows and Reflection Sovereign cows: milk yield on 2322.1 (9.4%) and 1084.0 kg (4.4%) (P <0, 05) respectively, fat mass - on 0.02% (P <0.05), protein concentration - on 0.02 and 0.03% (P <0.01). The milk fat and protein obtained from Montvik Chiftein cows is higher  in comparison with the 1st and 3rd groups; fat - on 96.4 (9.7%) and 43.8 kg (4, 4%) (P <0.05), protein - on 76.6 (9.8%) and 37.5 kg (4.8%) (P <0.05). High milk yield produced by heifers (more than 10,000 kg of milk for the highest lactation) allowed the offsprings to take the leading positions in terms of milk productivity in the period of the first and maximum lactations. From offsprings of low fertile cows (less than 7000 kg of milk for the highest lactation), the researchers received more milk than from the cows of the 2nd and 3rd groups due to linger lifetime (219.9 (0, 9%) and 544.2 kg (2.3%)). The heifers, which were first successfully inseminated at the age of 12-14 months, differed from the cows inseminated at a later stage by higher milk yield    for 305 days of the first lactation – on 562.7 kg (6.5%) (P <0.001), milk fat and protein in milk - on 19.3 (5.6%) and 17.3 kg (6.4%) (P <0.001), respectively. The heifers  inseminated in younger age have reached their maximum productivity at, the age of 1.6 lactation. The cows, successfully inseminated for the first time at the age of 1518 months, had high parameters of lifelong milk productivity (P <0.001). According to the milk yield, this variation was 2,294.5 kg (9.5%), the fat mass of  milk - 0.04%, 99.3 kg (10.2%), milk protein - 69, 2 kg (9.1%).