AGRONOMY AND FORESTRY
The article demonstrates results of agricultural applying of alkaline soils in the Western Siberia during 45 years (from 1969). On founding Siberian Department of VASKHNIL (Russian Agricultural Academy) the researchers pay specific attention to alkaline soil exploring and alkaline soil fertility increasing. The alkaline soil takes more than 8.8mln ha in the region. The leading institutions, research institutes of SD RAS and SD VASKHNIL participated in the research and were supervised by Coordination Board on Alcaline Melioration. They investigated genesis and properties of alkaline complexes, developed agricultural melioration groups, ways of melioration appropriate for different croplands, systems of arable farming at tillable solonetzic complexes and machinery for carrying out these measures. The researchers developed technology of layer alkaline tillage and equipment applied at haylands and pastures; it is SibIME stilt, alkaline rooter RS-1,5, RSN-2,9 and RSN-2,9 U. The paper suggests the ways of phytoreclamation and technology of grass old sowings “regeneration” in order to prolong their applying; it points out applying and development of phytoreclamation hay-pasture crop rotation, development of non-perennial crops selection, perennial grass and grass mixtures at solonetzic complexes. The research suggests the way of self-reclamation by means of reclamative tillage (layer plowing and deep-plowing) and recommends apply chemical reclamation of solonetzic complexes by means of phosphogypsum. Thus, alkaline farm field stays efficient more than 30 years. The authors develop and recommend area farming systems for solonetzic complexes and adaptive landscape systems for solonetzic complexes.
The paper estimates spring wheat environmental plasticity and harvest sustainability when dropping on 2 predecessors (complete fallow and crops) in 2010–2011 and 2014. The authors applied varieties included into the State Register and selected short-season varieties and middle-early varieties produced in different environmental and climate conditions. The group of researchers studied plasticity by means of methods developed by Taem, Eberchart and Russel. The article indicates that periods of research differed in respect to amount and evenness of precipitation and temperature; this is certified by means of analysis of variance. Variations caused by cultivating conditions are 45.5 % whereas genotype variations and time variations are 22.08 % and 4.53 % resp of total feature phenotypic change. Variations caused by unpredictable conditions are high and equal to 22.01 %; it is due to agroclimatic and agrotechnical factors. The publication reveals short-season varieties to be the plastic ones as their average crop yield was at the standard level. The paper considers Prilenskaya 19 variety, Lutestens 1034 and Svecha variety to be sustainable ones. The authors make conclusion Pamyati Vavenkova variety is productive and resistant; Svecha variety is resistant and profitable.
The publication demonstrates research results received in 2008–2014 on studying rape varieties field resistance in the forest steppe of the Western Siberia. Periods of observation differed in weather conditions and defined different disease manifestation. The authors come to conclusion that downy mildew and Altelnaria blight are mostly occurred in agrocenoses of spring rape. Phytoimmunology estimation of spring rape on the background of natural infections demonstrates that varieties of Siberian selection differ in field resistance to the diseases. Sib NIIK-21 variety is the most resistant to downy mildew and Alternaria blight; disease progress is 2.6 times and 1.8 times lower in comparison with the standard SibNIIK-198 variety. The paper demonstrates Yubileyniy variety and ANIIZIS-4 variety are mostly resistant to Alternaria blight. These varieties can be applied in further selection as resistance sources. The publication shows SIBNIIK-198 variety is least resistant to downy mildew and Alternaria blight; disease progress index reached 65.6 % and 30 % correspondently.
The article studies three early-ripening onion variety (“Odnoletniy Sibirskiy” Siberian, Bapec F1, “Strigunovskiy mestniy”) and three mid-ripening onion variety (“Odintsovets”, Bennito F1 and Calcedony) in non-perennial crops in the dark chestnut soil of dry steppe in Khakassia in 2012–2014. The authors describe test plots which contain 2.56 % – 2.76 % of humus, 7.92 % – 8.36 % of hydrolyzable nitrogen, 12.8 % – 14.2 % of labile phosphorus, 19.6–21.7 mg/100 g soil of exchange potassium and pH 7.7. The total effective temperature in the years of experiment was 2245–2412 ºC; the total precipitation in vegetation period was 176–229 mm which led to 12–15 watering equal to 300 cubic metres pro ha. The publication points out efficiency of growing such onion crossbreeds in non-perennial crops as Bapec F1 (early-ripening) and Bennito F1 (mid-ripening); they provide crop yield equal to 40 tones pro ha and production quality. The authors reveal that “Odnoletniy Sibirskiy” onion soaking in 1ml/kg Albita during 90 min increased the crop yield on 12 %; 0.12 ml/kg “Novosil” solution increased the crop yield on 24 %; 0.25 ml/kg zircon increased crop yield on 27 %. Growth regulators contribute to dry matter on 0.6 %, increase sugars on 1.2 %, and nitrates MAC in soil is much less. The paper shows economic efficiency and return of growth regulators applying on “Odnoletniy Sibirskiy” onion variety when it being irrigated 109 %. Energy efficiency index reaches 1.76 %.
The paper demonstrates experimental results of 2 years on studying influence of Utah mulch landscape fabric on vegetable crop yield. Utah mulch landscape fabric is a new useable sound material of black color which is able to be applied for 5–7 years. The fabric is applied in order to mulch the soil and soil protection from pests. It conducts water and air and conserves them in the soil. The research applied three varieties of onion, three varieties red beet and two varieties of marrow in Kolyvan district of Novosibirsk region. The article reveals onion sprouting appeared 6–7 days earlier when being grown on mulch landscape fabric in both years of the experiment; all the red beet varieties sprouting appeared 6–8 days earlier when being grown on mulch landscape fabric; marrow varieties sprouting grown on mulch landscape fabric came up 6–12 earlier than in the control group. The author points out ripening of onion when being grown on mulch landscape fabric reduced and lifting took place 6 days earlier than that of the control group; red beetroot grown on mulch landscape fabric was lifted 4 days earlier; first harvesting of marrow grown on mulch landscape fabric took place 9–10 days earlier than in the control group. The publication specifies crop yield of the vegetables grown on mulch landscape fabric increased in terms of the season and variety. Thus, onion yield increased on 1.1–1.7 kg/ m2; red beet yield increased on 1.8–3.3 kg/ m2 and marrow yield reached 1.4–3.3 kg/ m2 in comparison with the control group where vegetables were grown without mulch landscape fabric. The article concludes the total standard vegetable production in the experimental group increased on 3.8–30.5 %.
The publication studies relation between duration of organofaction stages, productivity of garden bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) and hydrothermal factors in the forest-steppe of the Ob. The research was carried out at experimental farm “Sad Mitchurintsev” in Novosibirsk State Agrarian University. The researchers applied “Nika” green bean variety and “Solnyshko” green bean variety which differed in duration of vegetation. The authors made phenological observations and considered green bean productivity. They studied the varieties on productivity performance, exactly amount of beans on the plant, bean mass from the plant and mass of a bean. The paper estimates the varieties according to duration of specific phenological stages, specifies varieties which provide high crop yield of green beans in the shortest vegetation period. The authors calculate correlation coefficient between phonological stages duration and average daily air temperature; amount of beans on the plant and mass of a bean; beans mass from the plant and crop yield. The article shows the late sowing varieties in adverse environment resulted in high crop yield of high value green beans in 2014. Thus, they supported that cultivating varieties of different ripening period and different sowing period allows minimizing economic risks of crop yield losses. The paper gives recommendations to the farms engaged in cultivating green beans.
The article is devoted to the aspects of climate warming and crop yield of spring wheat. It shows correlation coefficients of grain crops with average daily temperature and precipitation in each month of the year when sowing in different periods from 1970 to 2012 in the south forest-steppe of the Western Siberia. The paper analyzes data on changing maximal and minimum average daily temperature and average monthly precipitation for almost 50 years (from 1961 to 2009) in Omsk region. The authors reveal data on average daily temperature and total precipitation in decades by means of Omsk hydrometeorological station observations from 1971 to 2013. The publication defines tendency in changing climatic factors and crop yield of spring wheat in the south forest-steppe of the Western Siberia. It calculates contingency of climatic factors with crop yield of spring wheat in strain testing of OmSAU and Moskalenskoe SAA. The research shows reducing of general crop yield of spring wheat due to climate warming and therefore affection increasing and epyphytotic periods appearing. The research is aimed at strategy development of further spring wheat selection in the Western Siberia.
BIOLOGY, PHYSIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY
The article reveals the results on studying immunological potency, immunogenicity and specific features of toxoplasmic antigen received from Тoxoplasma gondii RH culture and its applying in immune-enzyme analysis in order to make serological diagnosis. The authors applied toxoplasma produced from serebrum suspension and passed through the mice organisms in order to receive antigen. The research trained the method which allows accumulating parasitic mass with low concentration of exudative cells. The paper defines survival of toxoplasma and protection its virulent properties in keeping. The authors certify that used parasitic strain keeps biological activity and virulence during 17 days at 4оС. Toxoplasmic antigen was of high immunological potency and allowed receiving hyperimmune sheep serum at 1 : 51200 titer in immune-enzyme analysis. The specimen 1 : 10 solution responses positively with antiserum at 1 : 5 titer and 1 : 10 in immune-enzyme analysis; it didn’t affect antibodies subject to chlamidia, besnoitia and brucella. Studying protein concentration of toxoplasmic antigen by means of electrophoresis showed major protein with molecular mass 140 kilodalton. The research demonstrates that reactive chemical Active T.gondi p30 protein fragment (Abcam) applied as parasitic protein with molecular mass 30 kilodaltonresponded equally to hyperimmune toxoplasmic serum; this certifies antigen similarity of the specimens compared. The authors conclude there is a possibility to apply toxoplasmic antigen and hyperimmune antiserum in development of immune-enzyme diagnosis.
The research specifies the fact that long-term heat effect on hen embryos in the period of brooding results in their stress. This is proved by means of high rate of lipid peroxidation and low blood antioxidative activity of birds aged 1 day. The authors outline negative influence of long heating in the period of brooding can be fixed by means of double egg covering with iodine specimen (before brooding and on 19 day). The research shows cardiovascular system of hen embryos of 4 brooding day in the experimental group is developed in a better way than that of the control group; major diameter of vascular area is bigger on 20.8 % and minor diameter of vascular area is bigger on 22.9 % in comparison with the control group. The authors observe length increasing and liveweight in the experimental group on 8, 12 and 16 day of brooding. The experimental results demonstrate the specimen contributes to antioxidative capacity of embryo by means of thyroid genesis; this contributed to hen embryos growth and rearing. The paper indicates different content of thyrotrophin and thyroid hormone in the control and experimental groups certifies the specimen influences efficiently on thyroid body; high characteristics of 1 day aged fish body weight and body length of the experimental group certify high physiological capacity of the young fish. The authors declare higher rectal temperature confirms chickens’ physiological maturity; it correlates the rate of thyroid hormones.
The research is aimed at screening studying of the cattle rednose in viral genome bacilli and was carried out in several stages. The first stage includes screening of virus antigen relation with bacteria in the process of agglutination with polyvalent serum. The second stage confirms general antigens in the process of indirect hemagglutination suppression. The third stage estimates anti-body producing after animals’ immunization with bacilli suspension in comparison with culture virus of the cattle rednose. The fourth stage defines the viral genome by means of real-time polymerase chain reaction with primers, homologous conserved region of glycoprotein D and glycoprotein B. The paper investigates 70 strains and concludes that 28.6% responded at 6,3–7,3 log2 titer; 15.7% responded at 8,3 log2 , 4,3% – 9,3 log2 , 4,3–11,3 log2 titer. The authors declare, 15 bacilli strains have antibodies entrapped to the cattle rednose virus on bacterial surface when studying in the process of indirect hemagglutination suppression; 10 strains contributed reducing of antibodies titer in 32–64 times; 4 strains reduced antibodies titer in 16 times; and 1 strain reduced it in 8 times. Polymerase chain reaction considers 3 strains to have homologous conserved region of glycoprotein D and glycoprotein B of the cattle rednose. This certifies the viral genome provides persistence in bacteria and they can produce specific antigens contributing to producing animals’ antiviral antibodies.
VETERINARY SCIENCES
The paper describes research carried out in order to investigate preventing efficiency and growth stimulating efficiency of new probiotic vetom 1.29 and finding out its efficient dose and dosage frequency when growing black-and-white calve; vetom 1.29 is based on Bacillus amyloliquefaciens of DSM 24614 strain. The research demonstrates the intensified growth rate and physiological characteristics of the calves from experimental groups in comparison with ones from the control group. The authors identify the calves from the 1st experimental group are subject to the highest growth rate; these calves take the specimen dosed 0.5 mkl/ kg of body weight two times a day in a day. The calves from the 1st group are characterized by intensified absolute and relative growth rate, average daily bodyweight gain and livestock development, exactly chest girth and withers height. The publication declares the specimen didn’t influence toxically the calves’ organism and calves livability was equal to 100 %.
The article reveals the results on the cattle lymph nodes’ histological structure and cell composition by means of carrying out histological methods, immune histochemical tests and applying polyclonal antibodies and mononclonal antibodies. The author tests mediastinal lymph node, hepatoportal lymph nodes and mesenteric lymph nodes belonging to 12 animals of the cattle aged from 1.5 to 7. The researcher applies Polyclonal Rabbit Anti-Human T cell, CD3, (PAP), Monoclonal Mouse Anti-Human B-Lymphocyte Antigen (BLA. 36) (ABC), Monoclonal Mouse Anti-Human Myeloid/Histocyte Antigen, Clone MAC 387 (PAP), Monoclonal Mouse Anti-Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen, Clone PC10 (PAP) sera and makes conclusion they can be applied in immune histochemical test when dividing T-lymphocytes, B- lymphocytes, macrophages and cell growth in the cattle paraffin sections. The article describes the lymphocytes structure and defines location, intensity and spreading of T-lymphocytes, B-lymphocytes, macrophages and cell growth in T-zone and B-zone of lymph nodes’ cortex and medullary substance. The publication declares the data received can be applied as fundamental data when carrying out morphological research on the cattle lymph node pathology.
The article studies peculiarities of venous drainage from Pecking duck hepar. The researchers apply morphological methods including corrosion specimen in order to investigate hepatic veins. The authors find out right hepatic vein, left hepatic vein and many tiny veins flow into caudal vena cava at an acute angle. They reveal that caudal vena cava consists of intra-organ part and extra-organ part and flows into the right heart atrium. The cranial hepatic vein, craniolateral hepatic vein, medial one and caudal vena cava shape the right hepatic vein. The cranial hepatic vein, craniolateral hepatic vein, the lateral one, medial hepatic vein, cranioventral one and caudal ventral hepatic vein shape the left hepatic vein. The paper notes the common in ramifications topography and peculiarities of venous drainage from hepar by means of the right hepatic vein and the left one; it depends on the organ peculiarities and its functions. The authors reveal general regularities in intra-organ hepatic veins ramifications where blood enriched with metabolic products circulates. The research clarify peculiarities of hepatic veins ramifications of Pecking duck.
The paper reveals the research aimed at the level of plasmic activity of dogs obsessed with lacteal gland neoplastic process. The problem urgency is caused by hemostasis significance in pathogenesis of neoplasia process and lack of information concerning relation between lacteal gland neoplasia and hemostasis condition. The dogs’ lacteal gland neoplasia is followed by plasmic activity reducing which defines malignant process. The changes were observed in 76.93 % of dogs suffered from malignant diseases and in 80 % of dogs suffered from benign tumors. Reducing of plasmic activity on 20–50 % was observed in 61.52 % of dogs suffered from malignant diseases and in 60 % of dogs suffered from benign tumors. The publication reveals exceeding of plasmic activity in 23. 07 % of people suffered from cancer and 10 % of people suffered from benign tumors when plasmic activity of 10 % of dogs suffered from benign tumors is not interfered. Thus, the changes revealed reflect the peculiarities of neoplastic process in dogs’ lacteal gland and explain their applying in tumors diagnosis, controlling postop course and development of pharmacological adjustment of hemostasis condition.
The paper studies the level of feline and canine acariases in Ob town by means of seasonal characteristics, age features and breed factors. The research reveals such acariases as otoacariasis, sacroptic mange, demodecosis, notoedric mange and cheyletiellosis. Otoacariasis appeared to be the most dominating disease; and cheyletiellosis appeared to be the rarest one. Otoacariasis occurred in domestic cats; and dogs have breed disposition caused by canine ear. Mostly the dogs suffer from demodecosis and cats rarely suffer from this disease. Sacroptic mange is more often observed in cats and notoedric mange is the only acariasis appeared in cats. Cheyletiellosis is a rare disease and it is impossible to declare about its yearly and seasonal dynamics, and breed disposition as well. The researchers observed reducing in feline and canine suffering from acariases during 8 years. The data on age disposition to acariases certify the young animals more often suffer from the diseases. The paper represents data of aged up to 1 flesh-eaters suffering from otoacariases, exactly 32.3 % of cats and 19.1 % of dogs. Flesh-eaters aged from 1 to 3 suffer from sacroptic mange and notoendric mange, exactly 6.8 % of cats and 4.6 % of dogs; invasion intensity of dogs suffered from demodecosis is 19.1 %. The analysis of acariases seasonal dynamics shows the animals mostly suffer from the diseases in spring.
The paper studies peculiarities of aorta histological structure of galliformes (hen and guinea fowl) and anseriformes (Italian goose and Pecking duck). The research shows aortic wall of the birds has developed tunica intima and tunica media; the outer coat consists of connective tissue fine fibers. Architecture of collagen fibers and their density in the aortic wall are characterized by the fact that fine collagen fibers coloured locate in narrow cellular layer in the external elastic membrane. The dense high-curved fibers shape cellular-layer view in internal elastic membrane. The space between internal elastic membrane and external elastic membrane is characterized by the thickest collagen fibers reviewed in layers which consist of long and straight or slightly-curved fibers and loose layers which consist of collagen fibers of different density, thin curve fibers and zigzag fibers. The smooth-muscle cells reviewed as 14–15 thin circular layers when smooth-muscle tissue moves from one layer to another make the third part of medial. The research shows dense coloured long fibers and zigzag elastic fibers are expressed in the goose and duck. The fibers slightly coloured can be straight or slightly curved. The paper reveals goose’s 16 layers of collagen fibers are alternated by elastic fibers.
LIVESTOCK FARMING, AQUACULTURE AND FISHERIES
The paper reveals research results on influence of feeding broilers with extruded concentrated feedstuff in the early period on the growth rate and mortality rate of the poultry from its first day to 37th day. The experiment was carried out on boilers of cross IZA F15 in OOO “Kuzbasskiy broiler” of Kemerovo region. The authors arranged the control group and experimental one; each of them contained 120 broilers. The researchers fed broilers from the control group with conventional mixed feed; the broilers of experimental group were fed with mixed feed produced at the enterprise with 33 % extruded concentrated feedstuff additive. The feed additive contains 30 % of soy bean meal, 25 – of wheat, 25 – of sunflower seeds and 20 % of sludge and bone residues. The research declares average daily liveweight gain of the broilers from experimental group increased on 14.5 %; feed consumption pro 1 kilo of liveweight gain reduced on 16.5 % during the early ten days of rearing in comparison with the broilers from the control group. The researchers observed high growth of the broilers from experimental group till the end of rearing. The average body weight of broilers from control group and aged 37 days was 2.09 kilo; the broilers of the same age from experimental group weighed 2.195 kg. Applying of extruded concentrated feedstuff in mixed feed allowed increasing mortality rate of broilers from experimental group on 1.7 % in comparison with the broilers from control group. The authors suggest applying of extruded concentrated feedstuff contained non-merchantable products of poultry processing and sun-flower seeds when feeding broilers in the early age in order to increase poultry growth rate and mortality rate.
The article reveals data on bream inhabitance and its significance in fishing in the midstream basin of the river Chulym. The paper analyzes the catch and reveals the fact that bream catch is equal to the catch of wild fish in the river Chulym. The authors demonstrate morphological characteristics of the bream. They reveal the tendencies in changes of plastic features according to the sex and age and length features of the bream. The research studied bream males and females and their 25 plastic features; it found out bream males and females have variations on 8 features. Variations on 2 features were of great significance. The analysis of age and length variations revealed 3 groups of features which demonstrated different relation to linear growth of fish (the authors applied method of correlation analysis). The first group contains features which show weak relation between fish length (length of the head) and these features. The second group includes features demonstrating positive allometric growth; the third group contains features demonstrating negative allometric growth. The article reveals comparative analysis of plastic features between the midstream Chulym bream and the midstream Ob bream in order to estimate environmental variation. The samples were compared on 25 features and differed on 6 features. The authors found out the bream inhabited in the midstream Chulym is much similar to population of the Ob bream population.
The article reveals aspects of developing animal indexes and productivity of broilers when applying lacto-acid additive. The paper applies experimental data and shows efficiency of lacto-acid additive applying in ratios of broilers. The research is aimed at estimation of lacto-acid efficiency when applying it in feed ratios together with activated feeds. The research focuses on estimating different ways of lacto-acid additive applying and its influence on broilers productivity; defining the appropriate rate of additive in poultry feeding; revealing economic efficiency of lacto-acid additive applying in feeding young birds. The authors declare efficient amount of lacto-acid additive is 0.2 % of ratio mass. They note average daily liveweight gain increases on 2.5 % and overall liveweight gain on 3 %; feed consumption pro 1 kg of body weight is reduced. The article proves applying of 0.2 % lacto-acid additive together with activated feeds reduces feed consumption pro 1 kg of body weight gain; when specialists apply 0.3 % of lacto-acid additive this leads to increasing of feed consumption on 10 %. When birds receive granular lacto-acid additive, this increases average daily liveweight gain on 2.5 % and overall liveweight gain on 6.1 % and reduces feed consumption on 06.6 % and 6.6 % correspondently. The authors conclude feeding broilers with granular lacto-acid additive allows increasing production profitability.
ECONOMICS
The article reveals problems of relation between crop acreage and crop land reducing, cattle stock, machinery, mineral fertilizers and aspects of production and food stuff import reducing. The authors point out that crop land was reduced on 42.5 million ha (36 %) from 1990 to 2010; crops seeding was reduced on 19.9 million ha (32 %); forage crops seeding was reduced on 26.5 million ha (2.4 times); cattle stock was reduced from 57 million to 20 million (2.8 times); cow population was reduced in 2.3 times, pigs population was reduced in 2.2 times and sheep population was reduced in 2.6 times. Livestock industry is experiencing stagnation in Russia. The publication specifies that import of meat and meat products corresponded up to 62 % of total production in 2005; import of milk was 23 % in 2005. In 2013 otherwise, import of meat and meat products reached 29 % whereas import of milk and dairy products reached 31 % of production. The paper calculates industrial capacities of Novosibirsk region by 2025; it forecasts beef production to be 79 % of standard consumption; pork production is expected to be 109 %; and dairy production is going to be increased on 130–150 %. Nowadays Novosibirsk region is poultry and eggs exporting area; the region is able to receive 3–3.5 mln tones grain when crop yield is 22 dt/ha in respect to extreme continental climate.
The paper considers development of forage production in agribusiness to be the important socioeconomic task due to complicated and difficult geopolitical situation. The task assumes systematic studies on the industry from the point of view of development and efficient applying of forage by means of innovations and further development of business mechanism aimed at supply with high-energy cheep forages. The authors suggest it is necessary to found the main directions and methods aimed at productivity of natural forage grasslands; prepare scientific recommendations on development of forage grasslands, applying of cultivated grasslands, soil-conservation measures in meadows and pastures, applying mineral and organic fertilizers. The article mentions necessity to develop measures on forages quality increasing, reducing losses of nutrition forages when harvesting and storing. The authors suggest it is significant to specify recommendations on applying progressive ways of forages preparing and storing in respect to the regional conditions and efficient applying of hayfields, pastures and perennial plantings. It is necessary to build regional variants of technological schemes aimed at forage production and demand in the main industrial resources. The research analyzes areas which can be applied as natural forage grasslands and areas for specific sub-industries of livestock farming in the region. The authors declare there is no well-defined strategy of regional forage production development.
The publication reveals regularities of structural interactions in financial performance results of agricultural enterprises in Chelyabinsk region from 2001 to 2011. The paper declares they build a big system represented as four-tire pyramid which results synergetically on just 65.2 % of possible theoretical level. The authors study resource interaction between the system elements at the level “enterprise → districts → corporations → region”. The most important problems of “enterprise” tire were solved by means of final elements of 8 sub-systems; the most significant problem in “enterprise” tire is profit resources growth in agricultural cooperative “Rossiya”. The problems related to profit (loss) were solved by means of final elements of 4 sub-systems in the “region” tire; high profit resources growth in collective farm “12 let oktyabrya” is considered to be the most significant problem here. The total synergism of resources occurs in four enterprises of “district” tire and “enterprise” tire. The paper points out the lack of synergism in solving the resource problems of “Corporate” tire enterprises and “district” tire enterprises. The “region” tire solves the most significant problem which assumes receipt of profit (losses) from sales by means of the final element of the administration sub-system; this assumes a tendency to profit gain in OOO “Zarya”. The authors pay attention to the lack of synergism between characteristics of “corporation” and “region” tire enterprises. They come to conclusion that the main reason of the situation mentioned above is insufficient investments into the regional economy and inefficient resources applying.
The article analyzes the main positive features characterizing agricultural consumer cooperation. The paper reveals factors preventing agricultural cooperatives working in Russia. The author defines the key goal of agricultural cooperatives’ state support as improvement of rural population quality of life. It should provide rural people with own-produced food stuff, increase rural people employment and earnings, make national agricultural producers being the main suppliers of competitive food production to regional, national and world market. The publication demonstrates that weak legislation regulating agricultural cooperation in the country increases legal, organizational and financial risks of cooperatives. The author observes lack of capacities and wish in cooperatives to look for own resources aimed at their development (capital strengthening, increase in reserve, building protection and security elements, building by means of guarantee and insurance funds). The paper shows contradictions between participants of agricultural cooperatives and partners at all the stages of activity. All mentioned above performs as a negative factor in cooperation being voluntary and popular. The author suggests an activity plan “road map” aimed at building institutional environment of agricultural cooperation in rural areas. The development directions include strengthening of legislation; building the system of state regulation and support; scientific, information and consulting support and infrastructure development.
The article declares that economic entities should be aimed at the highest profit received from each rouble invested in enterprise property. The property of agricultural enterprises is represented by inefficient idle assets that don’t belong to the main business; this prevents real estimation of property efficiency and makes it lower. Estimation of property efficiency occurs by means of index of return on business assets and allows overcoming the weak point mentioned above. At the same time its applying is restricted due to inability of appropriate stock shifting from the total stock. The authors suggest applying of index of return on productive assets is efficient even in accounting reporting of the enterprise and it doesn’t reduce analytical value of accounting reporting (in comparison with return on business assets). Further detailed analysis of return on productive assets requires applying of indexes of stock turnover whereas there are no scientific recommendations in respect to this aspect. The research certifies that applying indexes of stock turnover based on cost value and not profit allows making appropriate conclusions about the reasons and factors influencing return on productive assets.
