At present, it is of particular importance to further increase the yield and quality of grain crops under experimental conditions in Western Siberia. Of special meaning is finding new effective growth regulators and bio-fertilizers that promote ecological plasticity, resistance to environmental stressors and pests. The work aims to study the influence of the new biofertilizer Huminatrin on growth and development features, yield and quality of grain crops under conditions of increasing crop productivity in the northern forest-steppe of the Novosibirsk Priobye region. Experimental field was on the fields of JSC “Irmen” livestock breeding farm in Ordynsky district of Novosibirsk region. The authors determined that Huminatrin (a mixture of micronutrients and bacteria) provides an increase in leaf surface parameters in two varieties of wheat by 23% and in spring barley by 34%. The authors treated soil with Huminatrin before sowing in a dose of 2 l/t at operating-liquid flow rate of 10 l/t and during the growing season in the phases of tillering and earing in a dose of 1.5 l/ha (300 l/ha). It was shown that both wheat varieties and spring barley variety “Biom” significantly increased the yield on the background of Huminatrin. On average, the yield increased by 22%. When using Huminatrin, the authors observed an increase in the number of productive stems (up to 408 mg/m2), the number of grains in the ear (up to 32 pcs), weight of 1000 grains (up to 40.86 g). There was also an increase in gluten content - up to 34%; gluten deformation index was about 96. In addition, the authors note the reduction of plant infestation by brown rust to 28% against 47% in the control (water). Indicators such as weight of 1000 grains, weight of grains per plant, the number of grains in the ear form the quality of the crop. Application of Huminatrin allows to achieve high yield quality of two varieties: spring soft wheat and spring barley

In the article the authors presented the results of two-year research on formation of the elements of plant productivity of oilseed flax cultivar Uralsky. The research was carried out on the educational and scientific experimental field of Perm State Technical University. Research results show that low temperatures and significant amount of precipitation (GTC - 2.72) increase the duration of oilseed flax vegetation by 11 days. Vegetation duration is due to prolongation of the interphase period “flowering - yellow ripeness” in comparison with normal weather conditions (GTC - 1,36). The dynamics of formation of the number of bolls per plant and productivity of oilseed flax plants depends on weather conditions. The maximum number of bolls per plant and plant productivity are formed until the phase of 100% brown bolls in the crop under cool weather with significant precipitation. Under normal weather conditions, the maximum number of bolls and productivity of the plant are formed by the phase of early yellow maturity (25% of brown bolls). The productivity of the plant does not depend significantly on weather conditions. The dynamics of formation of the number of seeds in the boll and the weight of 1000 seeds does not depend on weather conditions. In the phase of yellow ripeness when 50% of bolls turn brown, seed moisture is reduced to 31-34%. This ripeness allows two-phase harvesting or single-phase harvesting with preliminary desiccation of the crop. From the phase of yellow maturity, the moisture content of seeds depends on the amount of precipitation during the preceding interphase period and can significantly increase with precipitation.

In the North of the Ryazan region peat, boggy soils are common, forming part of the Ryazan Meschera. Since the late 1950-s, reclamation structures were built and drainage was carried out, after which the land was used for the cultivation of crops (mainly fodder crops). In former times, the drainage systems were supervised by economic managers, but after the economic transition in the country, control and maintenance ceased due to a lack of funding. Nowadays, soil-reclamation monitoring is carried out only at the Tinki-II site, which is located near the regional centre and is part of the ecological polygon system. The authors in the article showed the quantitative change of microorganisms of different groups in the peat soils of four reclamation sites in the Ryazan Meschera. Recently, on the region’s territory, climate change (dryness and warmth) has been established. A fundamental difference between the drainage systems was the presence of bilateral regulation of the soil water regime at the first site Tinki-II: sprinkler irrigation was in operation since the middle 1980-s, and by sluicing since the 1990-s. The authors carried out the microbiological indication of peat soils according to generally accepted methods. An indication was carried out in peat soils that had acquired signs of degradation (digestion of peat, reduction of the peat soil layer, etc.). The results indicated high microbiological activity in the soil at the Tinki-II site. Thus, there were more bacteria grown on MPA (meat-peptone agar) and SAA (starch-and-ammonia agar) than other groups, hence intensive mineralization of organic nitrogen compounds takes place. The presence of fungi of the genus Penicillium in soils indicates acidification. Azotobacter was detected in the soils, indicating an intensive nitrogen fixation process. The representatives of the Polyangium genus are dominated by cellulose-destroying bacteria, which feed on dead organic matter, cellulose. The presence of the above microorganisms groups indicated favourable development of microbiocenosis in the reclaimed peat soils.

The authors presented the results of a comparative productivity study of maize hybrids Obsky 140 SV and Kubansky 101 SV. The experiment consisted of the following variants: preemergence + preemergence harrowing (B1 + B2), first and second inter-row cultivation (M1 + M2), herbicide Lazurit (treated in phase 7-9 of maize leaves against dicotyledonous weeds) at the dose of 0.7 l of preparation for 300 l water, working fluid consumption - 300 l/ha based on the recommendations for using Lazurit. The authors also identified the patterns of forage grain yield formation depending on the studied care methods. According to the results of their research, the authors found that the grain yield of the ultra-early maturing hybrid Kubansky 101 CB was 1.7- 3.1 times higher than that of the early maturing hybrid Obsky 140 CB when cultivating different maize hybrids in years with insufficient heat supply (2014) under the same methods of care. Under 2017 conditions with good heat supply, the grain yield of hybrid Obsky 140 SV was 15% higher than that of hybrid Kubansky 101 SV. On average in 3 years hybrid Obsky 140 SV grain yield was more responsive to tending, especially the complex of mechanized treatments (B1B2 + M1M2), where 67.5 c/ha of forage grain was obtained. The use of herbicide Lazurit ensured the lowest grain yield among the variants - 50.4 c/ha for hybrid Kubansky 101 SV and 62.8 c/ha for Ob 140 SV. Mechanical treatments (two harrowing and two inter-row cultivations) and a combination of pre-emergence harrowing, herbicide and inter-row cultivation ensured the highest grain yield in both hybrids: Kubansky 101 CB - 61.9, Obsky 140 CB – 70.3 c/ha.

The authors presented the results of the study of the effect of temperature regime and precipitation on the duration of the growing season and its components for the crop Pisum sativum L. These studies were analyzed on the basis of three-year experiments in the conditions of Eastern Siberia and the most early maturing samples were selected. The objects of the study were 20 collection varieties of pea sowing of Russian and foreign selection. The authors conducted studies in accordance with the methodological guidelines for the study of grain legume crops collection in 2018-2020 in the forest-steppe zone of Krasnoyarsk region, on the fields of the Krasnoyarsk Research Institute of Agriculture. The soil of the experimental plot was common black earth heavyloamy. The humus content of the arable layer was 7.8 %, the pH of the salt extract was 6.8. Over the three years of the experiment, the content of nitrate nitrogen N-NO3 in the soil at the time of sowing averaged 10.12 mg/kg, mobile phosphorus P2O5 was high 23.26 mg/100 g; potassium K2O was elevated 10.06 mg/100 g (by Chirikov method). Agronomic techniques were common for grain legume crops in the region. Clean fallow was the precursor. The work aims to determine the duration of vegetation period of pea collection samples and the influence of hydrothermal conditions on it. The tasks of the study are to determine the duration of pea growing season and its components in different heat and moisture supply years. In addition, another task of the study is to determine the variability of pea plants depending on hydrothermal conditions, as well as to identify the most early-ripening varieties. The authors identifined that the maximum duration of the growing season was characteristic of excessively moist 2020. The longest period is «flowering - ripening» (38 - 49 days), the shortest period was «sowing - sprouting» (18 - 27 days). Duration of vegetation period is characterized by medium variability (Vcf = 16.5 %). Directly proportional dependence of vegetation period duration on precipitation amount (r = 0.979) and inversely proportional on average temperature (r = - 0.982) were revealed. For all periods, the correlation in terms of temperature is negative, in terms of precipitation amount - positive, except for the period «sowing - sprouting» (r = - 0,867). The authors recommend using the Canadian selection variety Profi with a growing season of 66 days for early maturity breeding

Estimation of the effectiveness and potential mechanism of action of biological agents on various soil profiles and crops allows more accurate recommendations for their application, and ultimately leads to an increase in crop yields. In the article is researched the composition and structure of the soil microbial community during pre-planting inoculation of potato tubers of the Tuleevsky variety with strains of the g. Bacillus: B. thuringiensis ssp. morrisoni; B. thuringiensis sp. dacota; B. subtilis; B. liheniformis during 2019-2020 in the Novosibirsk region, Novosibirsk, Educational and Production Facility «Sad Michurintsev» of the Novosibirsk State Agrarian University. The most effective strain was B. thuringiensis vs. dacota, which has a multilateral positive effect on soil microflora. The strongest effect on ammonifying bacteria was shown by B. thuringiensis vs. morrisoni. All bacterial strains inhibited the development of Fusarium and Penicillium fungi. Bacteria those assimilate the mineral nitrogen developed most actively during application of B. thuringiensis vs. dacota in 2019, and B. thuringiensis vs. morrisoni in 2020. Most of the strains had a positive effect on the group of cellulose-destroying and nitrogen-fixing bacteria, but B. thuringiensis vs. dacota showed the highest stimulation of bacterial growth, while B. subtilis oppressed this group. Bacillus liheniformis strain showed antagonistic features against phytopatogens, which also represents a great potential interest for its use in crop production.

One of the main ways to obtain consistently high yields in Siberian conditions is the use of adaptive varieties. Selection plays a key role in solving this problem. Success in breeding for resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses depends on the correct choice of initial parental forms for crossing. The purpose of the study is to evaluate varieties and promising breeding lines of soft winter wheat of various ecological and geographical origin in terms of productivity and adaptive potential. The results of the study of 68 varieties and breeding lines of winter soft wheat are presented. The studies were carried out on the experimental field of the Siberian Research Institute of Plant Growing and Breeding, a branch of the Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The most favorable conditions for the formation of the winter wheat crop were formed in 2021 (Ij=125.1). The least favorable conditions developed in 2020 (Ij= -171.2). The most winter-hardy varieties were Scepter, Novosibirskaya 32, Pamyati Chekurova, Omskaya 6. The Volzhskaya variety showed high plasticity (bi=1.49), but was not stable over the years. The most stable varieties among highly productive samples were Novosibirskaya 32 (δd² = 13.75), Lutescens 261-3 (δd² = 16.86), Pamyati Chekurova (δd² = 13.95), Zhemchuzhina Povolzh’ya (δd² = 10.33), Volzhskaya 22 (δd² = 22.70). Genotypes combining high rates of plasticity and stability Lutescens 261-3 (bi=1.26; δd²= 16.86) and Volzhskaya 22 (bi=1.97; δd² = 22.70). Samples of Pamyati Chekurova, Scepter, Omskaya 6 and Chekh 16 stood out for a number of indicators: in terms of stress resistance Уmin - Уmax = -51.9 ÷ -282.5; in terms of genetic flexibility (Уmax+Уmin)/2 = 568.8÷651.8; by yield variability V = 4.6÷26.4%; according to homeostasis Hom = 8.13÷94.88; by breeding value Sc = 391.3÷521.5. These samples are of interest in the selection of winter soft wheat to improve adaptability

The low fodder productivity of vast areas of natural forage lands in Siberia necessitates their radical improvement. High fodder productivity will strengthen the fodder base of the region, which is important for the developing cattle breeding. The authors carried out an experiment of radical improvement of natural grasslands in order to clarify and develop methods of increasing the productivity of natural grasslands in the southern forest-steppe of Western Siberia. The authors studied the effect of two factors: The first factor - tillage followed by sowing of perennial grasses; The second factor - the effect of organic fertilizers (20 t/ha). By the second year of observations in the variant where soil disking was carried out, only motley grasses were noted. Disking followed by seeding of perennial grasses promoted the development of seeded grasses (80% of the composition of the herbage). The remaining niche of grass stand was occupied by motley grasses. The influence of organic fertilizers in the second year of observations almost does not affect the structure of herbage, only in the variant with the sowing of grasses the distribution of different botanical groups is more uniform. The composition of grass stand changes significantly between the second and sixth years of observations under the influence of tillage and organic fertilizers. The development of cereals and legumes in the herbage in the variant without tillage in the third and subsequent years is noted. By the sixth year of observations in the herbage remain only cereal grass (60%) and mixed grass (40%). Dynamics of herbage structure by years of development on the background of organic fertilizers differs little from the herbage without fertilizers. By the second year of observations, there is no significant influence of fertilizers and tillage on the yield of grasses. In the sixth year of observations (2016) there was a significant influence of organic fertilizers. Even without soil treatment, the yield almost doubled from 0.6 t/ha in the version without fertilizers to 1.1 t/ha of absolutely dry matter in fertilized variants. The greatest increase in yield was noted in the variant with discing, 2.7 times (from 0.6 to 1.6 t/ha); in the variant with grass seeding and discing 1.4 times (from 1.1 to 1.6 t/ha) (absolute dry matter). The effect of tillage on the yield without fertilizer was much less. Consequently, tillage and fertilization contribute to a more uniform distribution of representatives of different botanical groups of grasses in the herbage. The productivity of the natural meadow increases significantly by the sixth year of observations after the improvement.

The work aimed was to identify the effect of varieties on the parasitic activity of Bipolaris sorokiniana Sacc. Shoem. in the system of underground and aboveground organs of spring wheat. The research was carried out in 2020-2021 in the northern forest-steppe of Priobye region. The tasks of the study were to investigate the development of root rot and the etiology of the disease on the underground organs of a number of spring wheat varieties of different geographical origin; determine the role of varieties in the manifestation of dark brown leaf spot and black germ of spring wheat grain; establish the presence or absence of relationships between forms of helminthosporium; identify the effect of varieties on the intensity of reproduction B. Sorokiniana on root leaves and the number of conidia of the phytopathogen in the rhizosphere soil The authors used a collection of 15 varieties of spring wheat. The study did not identify any varieties whose underground organs showed resistance to fusarium-helminthosporium rot. Root rot development averaged over the organs to reach 3.8 units of Economic Threshold of Harmfulness (ETH) in 2020, and in 2021 - 4.4 units of ETH. The effect of the “variety” factor on the incidence of root rot in spring wheat was 31.8% and the “year” factor 30.3%. The authors presented the etiology of root rot of spring wheat cultivars by Bipolaris sorokiniana Sacc. Shoem. and fungi of the genus Fusarium Link. The ratio of phytopathogenes on underground organs was determined by conditions of the year and phytosanitary state of soil; the ratio varied from 1:1 to 11:1 with predominance of fungi of genus Fusarium. The prevalence of brown spot disease reached 1.9 units to 5 units ETH in the lactic maturity phase of the cultivars. The correlation coefficient between the development of root rot and the prevalence of dark brown spot was 0.526±251 and was statistically reliable. Variety differences in the prevalence of grain black spot reached 11.4 times, 3 varieties (Sibirskaya 17, Novosibirskaya 15, Ruslada) were affected at the threshold level; 4 varieties were affected to a moderate degree; 7 varieties were severely affected. Коэффициент корреляции распространенности темно-бурой пятнистости и черноты зародыша составил 0,521±232 и был статистически достоверным на 1%-м уровне значимости. The authors used Ward’s hierarchical clustering method to divide the plants into two groups according to the sporulation dynamics of B. sorokiniana on the root leaves of spring wheat. The first group of spring wheat was with a uniform rate. The second group were varieties of wheat with an exponential jump in sporulation intensity. The varieties Jin Chun 2 (China) and K-65834 (Tajikistan) were the most active sources of B. sorokiniana reproduction in both study years. The size of the soil population of the phytopathogen reflected the intensity

The authors presented the results of research in 2012-2016 on the improvement of degraded hayfields with the sowing of perennial legume grass mixture at different methods of turf cultivation. The work aims to determine the most effective methods of cultivation of the turf of degraded hayfields, contributing to higher yields and quality of the resulting fodder. The highest content of perennial legumes in the herbage was noted in the variant with radical improvement of degraded hayfield (ploughing + discing) - 88 %, in the variant with milling - 80, discing - 70 %. The variant with radical improvement of the degraded hayfield (ploughing + discing) obtained the highest yield - 17.3 green and 3.64 t/ha - dry mass, which exceeds the yield of the control variant by 3.6 times. When carrying out radical improvement of degraded hayfields yield of fodder units was 1740, the number of digestible proteins per 1 fodder unit 140 g. These indicators during turf disking were 1550 fodder unit and 135 g, respectively. During strip seeding of perennial leguminous grasses (meadow clover + alfalfa) the variant with a width of the cultivated strip of 60 cm was selected. The yield of fodder units was 1610, the amount of digestible protein per 1 fodder unit - 120 g. In the control variant the yield of fodder units was 380, the amount of digestible protein per 1 fodder unit - 85 g. Strip-seeding of perennial leguminous grasses was the most cost-effective method of improving degraded hayfields in the Priobye forest-steppe. Net income in variants with strip-seeding of perennial leguminous grasses was 3751-4278 rubles/ha, profitability level - 71- 87%. In the variant with radical improvement of the degraded hayfield (ploughing + discing) these indicators are lower - 3959 rubles/ha and 57 % accordingly.

Currently, agricultural specialists have a great interest in poultry feed additives that can become an alternative to antibiotics. Medicinal plants are a source of a wide range of biologically active compounds that have, among others, antimicrobial effects. The authors believe that a comprehensive evaluation of the efficacy of their use under production conditions should be carried out. This evaluation is necessary to obtain a fuller picture of the potential use of various forms of medicinal plants, in particular their extracts, in poultry production. The authors studied the effect of feeding different doses of water-ethanol extract of nettle (Urtica dioica L.) on growth, carcass quality, safety and chemical composition of meat of broiler chickens of ISA F15 cross from one day old to 40 days old. The experiment was conducted in an industrial poultry farm of Kuzbass, where a control group and five experimental groups of 35-day-old chickens were selected by the method of similar groups. Throughout the experiment, the chickens of the control group were fed complete feed according to the phases of rearing, and the birds of the experimental groups were fed additional nettle extract in different doses. Feeding broiler chickens with nettle extract at the doses of 5, 10, 15 and 20 mg/kg body weight increased the intensity of their growth by 0,4-1,4% and reduced feed conversion by 0,6-2,3%. High survival was noted in the groups which received the extract at doses of 5, 10, 20 mg/kg body weight. When nettle extract is added to complete feed for broiler chickens, the tendency to increase the carcass slaughter yield by 0,3-0,75% in groups 2, 3, and 4 of experimental and the caloric content of poultry meat by 0,8-6,6% in all experimental groups is established. Based on the results of the poultry meat production efficiency index evaluation, the authors suggest including nettle extract at a dose of 10 mg/kg body weight in the composition of complete feed when raising broiler chickens in order to increase the level of profitability.

Due to the fact that consumers are paying more attention to the safety and functionality of food, the authors have developed a functional product based on honey and pollen collected by bees. This product is characterized by high indicators of safety, nutritional and biological value. The problem of bees for its production is that they use old honeycombs, which are not suitable for brood production because of the narrowing of the lumen of the cell due to the fact that each exiting bee leaves behind a cocoon. However, old combs accumulate antibiotics and other veterinary drugs that beekeepers use to treat bees. For the production of this product, which is not inferior in quality to bee bread, the authors used pollen collected in the form of a pollen collector, and honey was extracted from the superstructures of the store, in which brood was never hatched. In other words, the starting material for the product did not come into contact with the nesting frames containing the cells with the cocoons of the emerging bees. Moreover, these nest frames could contain the remains of veterinary drugs. The analysis of the organoleptic indicators of the quality of the honey pollen product and bee pollen showed that, in appearance, the bee bread was a hexagonal strong prism, which repeated the cells of a honeycomb. Its color varied in layers from light yellow to brown. The honey pollen product was homogeneous throughout the mass, ointment-like consistency and orange in color. The smell of all samples is honey pollen. The taste of bee pollen was sweet and sour, slightly bitter, that of the honey pollen product was sweet, that of the honey pollen product with vitamin C was sweet and sour. Comparison of physicochemical parameters of the quality of bee bread and honey pollen product showed that the mass fraction of fat in bee bread was lower by 3.5–3.6%, cholesterol - by 11.2, protein content - above 0.4%. The level of assessment of the production of honey pollen product at a selling price of 4000 rubles/kg, like bee bread, is from 145.8 to 150.0%, while the chemicals associated with the production of the product range from 1600 to 1627 rubles/kg. The profit reached from 2373 to 2400 rubles/kg