CHARACTERISTICS OF SPRING WHEAT NITRGEN NUTRITION UNDER MINIMIZATION OF PRIMARY BLACK SOIL (CHERNOZEM) TILLAGE IN LEACHED NOVOSIBIRSK PREOBYE

The paper aims to study the characteristics of spring wheat nitrogen nutrition in crop rotation in the field under minimum primary soil tillage. The research was carried out in the multifactor stationary field experiment in 2002–2013. The work examined the seasonal dynamics of soil nitrate nitrogen and its withdrawal incorporated in agrophytocenose in 4 variants of soil tillage systems in the fields of grain fallow rotation in the extensive background, it also studied spring wheat productivity in extensive and intensive backgrounds. It was established that under the conditions of West Siberia forest-steppe and in its black soils leached by bare black fallow with tillage, the amount of mineral nitrogen went up 2.5 and 2 times as much as the initial value over the fallow period and bare early minimum fallow period, respectively. In the spring prior to wheat sowing in the fallow, nitrogen content in a 1-meter soil layer constituted 159 kg/ha when sown in the tillage, which is 1.2 and 1.3 times as much as sown in the minimum fallow and “zero” tillage, respectively. Wheat yielding when grown in the fallow in extensive and intensive backgrounds made up 2.66–2.83 and 3.53–3.61 t/ha, respectively, and in fact, did not depend upon the techniques of the fallow preparation. In the repeated sowings, wheat productivity was 1.1–1.3 times higher in the extensive background in the tillage (1.29–1.66 t/ha) than that in the minimum tillage. With optimized mineral nutrition in plants and phytosanitary situation in seedings the productivity of wheat in field crop rotations went up 2.1–2.8 times as much without any considerable differences in soil tillage variants. Agrophytocenose fallowed was characterized by the highest indexes (125.0–130.3 kg/ha) for nitrate nitrogen withdrawn from the soil somewhat lowering from tillage to minimum cultivations. Herewith, the withdrawal of the element concerned from the soil with weeds in the extensive background built up from 8.6 kg/ha in the black fallow to 14.0 kg/ha for the early minimal fallow, for grain predecessors it went up from 15.7 in the tillage to 26.9 kg/ha in “zero’ tillage.

minimization of primary soil tillage, nitrate nitrogen, wheat, weeds

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