Новообразования век у лошадей: современные представления об этиопатогенезе, диагностике и комплексном лечении

Новообразования в периокулярной области являются одной из самых часто встречающихся онкологических патологий в ветеринарной офтальмологии лошадей, что определяет актуальность систематизации современных данных по данной проблеме. Данный обзор посвящен анализу и обобщению современных представлений об основных нозологических формах опухолей век, включая плоскоклеточный рак, саркоид, гемангиосаркому, аденокарциному слезной железы, а также клинически значимое состояние – эктопические ресницы. В работе подробно рассматривается взаимодействие этиологических факторов: ультрафиолетового излучения, вирусных агентов (BPV, EcPV) и генетической предрасположенности, в частности мутации в гене DDB2, которая в последние годы признана ключевым фактором риска развития плоскоклеточного рака у ряда пород. Представлен комплексный диагностический алгоритм, включающий гистопатологическую верификацию с применением иммуногистохимии и инструментальные методы визуализации. В разделе лечения проанализированы современные подходы: хирургическое иссечение с реконструктивной блефаропластикой, электрохимиотерапия, местная и внутриочаговая химиотерапия, иммунотерапия и криохирургия. Особое внимание уделено необходимости персонализированного подхода и раннего вмешательства для улучшения прогноза и сохранения зрительной функции у животных.

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