vestngauВестник университета биотехнологийVestnik University of biotechnologiy3033-8433Publishing Centre “Zolotoy Kolos” of Novosibirsk State Agrarian University10.31677/3033-8433-2026-21-1-87-97vestngau-2841Research ArticleВЕТЕРИНАРИЯ, ЗООТЕХНИЯ И БИОТЕХНОЛОГИЯVETERINARY, ANIMAL SCIENCES AND BIOTECHNOLOGYНовообразования век у лошадей: современные представления об этиопатогенезе, диагностике и комплексном леченииEquine eyelid neoplasms: current understanding of etiopathogenesis, diagnosis and complex treatmentГлущенкоЕ. Е.GlushchenkoE. E.

кандидат ветеринарных наук

Новосибирск; Ростов-на-Дону

Candidate of Veterinary Sciences

Novosibirsk; Rostov-on-Don

gee25@bk.ruГлущенкоВ. В.GlushchenkoV. V.

кандидат ветеринарных наук, доцент

Новосибирск

Candidate of Veterinary Sciences, Associate Professor

Novosibirsk

ДроботЕ. В.DrobotE. V.

кандидат биологических наук

Новосибирск; Ростов-на-Дону

Candidate of Biological Sciences

Novosibirsk; Rostov-on-Don

ЗайкоО. А.ZaikoO. A.

кандидат биологических наук

Новосибирск

Candidate of Biological Sciences

Novosibirsk

Сибирский государственный университет инженерии и биотехнологий; Донской государственный технический университетРоссияUniversity of Biotechnology; Don State Technical UniversityRussian FederationСибирский государственный университет инженерии и биотехнологийРоссияUniversity of BiotechnologyRussian Federation202612082026018797Copyright © Глущенко Е.Е., Глущенко В.В., Дробот Е.В., Зайко О.А., 20262026Глущенко Е.Е., Глущенко В.В., Дробот Е.В., Зайко О.А.Glushchenko E.E., Glushchenko V.V., Drobot E.V., Zaiko O.A.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://vestngau.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/2841

Новообразования в периокулярной области являются одной из самых часто встречающихся онкологических патологий в ветеринарной офтальмологии лошадей, что определяет актуальность систематизации современных данных по данной проблеме. Данный обзор посвящен анализу и обобщению современных представлений об основных нозологических формах опухолей век, включая плоскоклеточный рак, саркоид, гемангиосаркому, аденокарциному слезной железы, а также клинически значимое состояние – эктопические ресницы. В работе подробно рассматривается взаимодействие этиологических факторов: ультрафиолетового излучения, вирусных агентов (BPV, EcPV) и генетической предрасположенности, в частности мутации в гене DDB2, которая в последние годы признана ключевым фактором риска развития плоскоклеточного рака у ряда пород. Представлен комплексный диагностический алгоритм, включающий гистопатологическую верификацию с применением иммуногистохимии и инструментальные методы визуализации. В разделе лечения проанализированы современные подходы: хирургическое иссечение с реконструктивной блефаропластикой, электрохимиотерапия, местная и внутриочаговая химиотерапия, иммунотерапия и криохирургия. Особое внимание уделено необходимости персонализированного подхода и раннего вмешательства для улучшения прогноза и сохранения зрительной функции у животных.

Periorbital neoplasms are the dominant oncological pathology in equine ophthalmology, which determines the relevance of systematizing current data on this issue. This review is devoted to the analysis and synthesis of modern ideas about the main nosological forms of eyelid tumors, including squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), sarcoid, hemangiosarcoma, lacrimal gland adenocarcinoma, as well as the clinically significant condition of ectopic cilia. The paper discusses in detail the interaction of etiological factors: ultraviolet radiation, viral agents (BPV, EcPV) and genetic predisposition, in particular the mutation in the DDB2 gene, which in recent years has been recognized as a key risk factor for the development of squamous cell carcinoma in a number of breeds. A comprehensive diagnostic algorithm is presented, including histopathological verification with the use of immunohistochemistry and instrumental imaging methods. The treatment section analyzes modern approaches: surgical excision with reconstructive blepharoplasty, electrochemotherapy, topical and intralesional chemotherapy, immunotherapy and cryosurgery. Special attention is paid to the need for a personalized approach and early intervention to improve the prognosis and preserve visual function in animals.

лошадьновообразования векплоскоклеточный раксаркоидаденокарциномагемангиосаркомаэктопические ресницыDDB2ультрафиолетовое излучениеэлектрохимиотерапияhorseeyelid neoplasmsquamous cell carcinomasarcoidadenocarcinomahemangiosarcomaectopic ciliaDDB2ultraviolet radiationelectrochemotherapyReferencesAbu-Seida A.M., Al-Akraa A.M. Diagnostic imaging of equine ocular and adnexal tumors: A review // Journal of Equine Veterinary Science. – 2021. – Vol. 102. – P. 103627. – DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2021.103627.Abu-Seida A.M., Al-Akraa A.M., Diagnostic imaging of equine ocular and adnexal tumors: A review, Journal of Equine Veterinary Science, 2021, Vol. 102, 103627, DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2021.103627.Bortolettto R., Castro M.B., Martins M.I.M. Destro VY blepharoplasty for reconstruction of the lower eyelid in a horse // Ciência Rural. – 2021. – Vol. 51, N 5. – e20200259. – DOI: 10.1590/0103-8478cr20200259.Bortolettto R., Castro M.B., Martins M.I.M. 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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.