Analysis of the influence of rootstocks on the growth and development of pear varieties in a young garden

The objective of the study was to investigate the most important economically valuable traits of pear scion-rootstock combinations in the arid conditions of the Northern Caspian region. The studies were conducted in 2023–2025. The growth and development characteristics of pear trees in combinations of different varieties and clonal rootstocks were studied, and the performance of pear scion-rootstock combinations in a young orchard was determined. In the studied scion-rootstock combinations, all pear varieties demonstrated high survival rates, reaching 86.8...100.0 %. The earliest vegetation (March 19) was observed in the summer varieties Krasivaya (k) in combination with the PG 17-16 rootstock, Nadezhda – PG-12, Moldavskaya rannyaya – PG-12. Early vegetative bud break began in the autumn variety Banketnaya (k) on March 21 on the PG 17-16 rootstock. The following varieties were characterized by intensive growth: Krasivaya (k) – 51.2 cm on the PG-2 rootstock, Nadezhda 41.6 cm on the Quince S rootstock, Moldavskaya rannyaya – 44.6 cm, Zimnyaya Mlievskaya – 71.2 cm on the PG-12 rootstock. In terms of trunk circumference increase, the best values were recorded for the summer variety Moldavskaya rannyaya on the PG-12 rootstock – 2.2 cm. The best growth of annual shoots reached 17.5 cm in combination with the Quince S rootstock and 17.3 cm with the PG-2 rootstock was noted for the Zimnyaya kuborevidnaya variety. The maximum calculated values of the crown projection area were noted for the varieties Zimnyaya kuborevidnaya (2.3 m2) and Tikhyi Don (2.2 m2) on the “cup-shaped” crown type variant. The analysis showed that the use of the “cup-shaped” pear shaping method on the semi-dwarf rootstock PG-12 gives the best results for the active shoot-forming ability of plants, where the total shoot growth was 58.4 cm per plant.

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