Genealogical analysis of the population of European Bison (Bison bonasus L.) in the central bison nursery of the Prioksko-Terrasny biosphere reserve

In the relatively small population of European bison of the Central Bison Nursery (Prioksko-Terrasny Reserve), the genealogical diversity is limited to 10 founder animals out of 12 possible: 4 founder bulls (Plebejer, Bill, Begrunder and Kaukasus) and 6 cows (Planta, Bilma, Plavia, Garde, Gatczyna, Plewna). The most significant in terms of contribution to the gene pool are the bull Plebejer (born in 1917) and the cow Planta (born in 1904). The inbreeding coefficient of breeding bulls and cows is 12.3–12.3 % and 13.0 %, respectively. In the genealogical development of related groups of paternal lines, the descendants of Metrud 7685 and Danzo 6362 dominate, and the maternal 6715 Mutena and 6979 Mozaika, which are distinguished by their reproductive qualities. The leader in the number of descendants (28 heads) is the bull SL-9 Augustin, who is inbred in the nursery population by a minimum amount - 7.0 %. An example of paternal effects with negative consequences for the viability of the offspring is the bull Murakami, who, with an inbreeding estimate of 19%, turned out to be the worst in the number of dropped out calves. Cows are inferior to breeding bulls of comparable ages, in the number of descendants obtained during life by 3.2 times, which determines their selection significance and contribution to the formation of the gene pool of the population in generations. Prioksko-Terrasny nursery has unique experience and potential for the restoration of bison in the wild. However, long-term success depends on a comprehensive approach that combines genetic monitoring, improved housing conditions and active international cooperation in terms of replenishing the gene pool. This will not only preserve but also increase the genetic diversity of the population, ensuring its sustainability in the future.

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