Study of the effect of nitrogen fertilizers on the growth and development of white cabbage

Abstract

White cabbage is one of the most common vegetable crops in Russia. The culture is in demand due to its rich biochemical composition and wide range of applications. Cabbage contains macro- and microelements, it is rich in fiber, amino acids, phytoncides and vitamins, especially ascorbic acid. Cabbage is eaten fresh, as part of hot dishes, used for pickling and pickling. Cabbage is distinguished from other vegetable crops due to its potentially high yield and long-term storage. In this work, two hybrids of white cabbage Atria F1 and Megaton F1 were used, which used different doses of mineral nitrogen fertilizers. As a result of the work, the positive effect of fertilizers on the structural elements and crop yields as a whole has been established. Thus, the use of nitrogen fertilizers increases the head size and weight by 2-3 times by 30% or more compared to the control. At the same time, the maximum yield structure indicators were noted on the Megaton F1 hybrid, with a NH₄ NO₃ application rate of 80 kg/day, where the head weight averaged 7.7 kg over 3 years, which is 2 times higher than the Atria F1 hybrid. On average, over three years, the use of nitrogen fertilizers had a directly proportional effect on the yield of white cabbage, when even the minimum doses of N40 fertilizers provide an increase in yield of 30 % for the Atria F1 hybrid and 65 % for the Megaton F1 hybrid, while the maximum doses provide an increase in yield of up to 74 and 200 %, respectively. In addition, it was found that the biochemical composition of white cabbage differs slightly in both varieties and experimental variants. There are deviations only in individual indicators between the control and the treated background up to 7–10 %.