Impact of variety features and environmental factors of zones  where apricots are grown on biochemical complex of apricots

The article explores biochemical complexes of apricots (Prunus armeniaca L.) of different varieties (Dzhengutaevskiy, Krasnoshchekiy, Khonabah and Shalah), which grow in the unique soil and climatic conditions of the Republic of Dagestan on the plain, and in the fruit zones located in the foothills and in the mountainous river valley. The researchers investigated the components of apricots by means of flame and atomic absorption photometry. The composition  of titratable acids, sugars, pectin substances and vitamin C was determined colorimetrically by titrimetric, phenolic compounds and vitamin P. The paper identifies varieties valuable for consumption and appropriate environmental zones in Dagestan, where the apricot varieties can reveal their biological properties most. Such studies are important and relevant both for effective use of resource capacities in fruit zones located at different heights above sea level, and for production of new apricot products with high nutritional values. The revealed varietal differences in the biochemical complexes of the studied fruits allow to assess their nutritional values. The authors observed the highest number of pectin substances in Shalah fruits – 0.84%, vitamin C – 15.7 mg%, phenolic substances – 137.1 mg% and vitamin P – 72.5 mg% and all macro - and microelements typical for apricot, except copper. Honabach variety had a high amount of sugar and copper, and Gengutsu – titratable acids. The highest concentration of magnesium and iodine was observed in Shalah and Krasnoshchekiy varieties respectively 63,4-57,0 and 1,2-1,1 mkg%. The authors outline that environmental conditions of the mountain valley contribute to the increased accumulation of titrated acids, vitamins C and P, phenolic and pectin substances and  zinc, copper and Fe in apricots. Adaptation of all studied varieties to soil and climatic factors of the plain increased concentration of sugar, potassium, calcium, magnesium, sodium and iodine in fruits. The results of experiment on biochemical composition of apricots allow us to recommend producing of new crop plantings taking into consideration the altitude gradient of the growing place. The data obtained on nutritional value of apricot varieties Dzhengutaevskiy, Krasnoshchekiy, Khonabah and Shalah  varieties can be applied for developing formulations for new functional food products.

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