WATER-PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF SOILS OF MEDIUM-ALTITUDE MOUNTAIN BASINS IN GORNY ALTAI

The main features of the typical chernozem of the Uymon basin and dark chestnut soils of Kansk basin are found: these are a light granulometric composition with a high content of coarse soil, a sharp decrease of humus content and cation exchange capacity down the profile, slightly alkaline reaction of medium, and perfect structural state of horizons А and B. By density of the humus horizon, the soils of hayland and pasture belong to the soils rich in organic matter. The density of arable horizon on arable land correspond to typical values for a cultivated or a new-ploughed arable land. With the depth of the soil profile, this ratio increases, but it is lower than typical values for the subsurface horizons. The density of the solid phase varies slightly. In the upper organogenic horizons of the hayland and pasture, it is low due to the occurrence of organic matter. In the lower horizons, it is slightly higher and corresponds to the density of the solid phase for mineral soils. The porosity of the studied soils is in inverse proportion to density. The porosity of the upper horizons is perfect, and the horizons correspond to the cultural-arable layer. The porosity of the lower horizons is satisfactory. The hygroscopic moisture content of the soils under study varies in the wide range (0-9.9 %). The maximum hygroscopicity in the sandy loam horizons is low (2-4 %) and it is higher in loamy horizons (4-7 %). The permanent wilting point ranges from 12.4 to 14.1 %, and total water capacity - from 34.4 to 50.3 %. The infiltration properties of typical chernozem on arable land of the Uymon basin are high or too high that can lead to the loss of moisture. In terms of the typical chernozem on haylands, they are satisfactory. In the dark chestnut soils of the Kansk basin, the infiltration properties vary from the best to satisfactory. The infiltration capacity depends mainly on the granulometric composition, density and the structural state of soil.

medium-altitude mountain basins, general physical and water properties, structure, infiltration capacity

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