RESPONSE OF WINTER WHEAT TO ABIOTIC CONDITIONS IN UDMURT REPUBLIC

Abstract

The most important factors that influence resistance of winter wheat are considered to be agroclimate conditions at the cultivated area. The authors highlight the relevance of investigating winter wheat aspects in different climate regions due to the fact that relation between its overwintering and climate conditions. The experiment on winter hardness of winter wheat was carried out in the experimental fields of Udmurtian Research Institute of Agriculture on sod-podzolic soils with average humus concentration and high concentration of phosphorus and potassium. The response of winter wheat to abiotic conditions in the years of research (1996-2016) was irregular overwintering and grain yield. The crop yield of Pamyati Fedina and Moskovskaya 39 spring wheat varieties varied from 7.8 t/ha in 1997 to 1.26 t/ha in 2016. In some years, low overwintering caused resowing. The authors observed positive correlation relationship between crop yield and overwintering (r = 0.80). Winter wheat overwintering was affected by the number of accumulated sugars in the crops before wintering (r = 0.42). The authors observed deterioration and crop failure in winter and early spring, which was caused by negative abiotic factors. The authors see the main negative factor as higher temperature at the depth of tillering zone in winter (- 4.0 to 0.0° С). This leads to rotting of crops and suffering from mold and white mold. In the conditions of Udmurtian Republic, the authors recommend to till winter wheat from mold and white mold.