SEEDING RATE AS A FACTOR OF CALENDULA CRUDE DRUG YIELD IN LOW-MOUNTAIN AREA OF GORNY ALTAI

The paper explores the impact of calendula seeding rate (6, 8, 10, 12 and 14 kg/ha) on the field germination, population and crude drug yield in the conditions of low-mountain Gorny Altai. The paper finds out that higher seeding rate reduced field germination of calendula and increased calendula population; the calendula population reached its maximum when the seeding rate was 14 kg/ha and made 416 thousands of plants pro a ha for 3 years of the experiment that was higher than efficient number (300 thousands of plants pro ha). The maximum field germination when the seeding rate is equal to 6 kg/ha the population was the least. The calendula population is determined not by seed germination, but the number of seeds sown pro ha. It was similar to the efficient seed germination (300 thousands of plants pro ha) when the seeding rate was 10 and 12 kg/ha and was equal to 340 and 355 plants pro ha. The period of calendula harvesting in low-mountain Gorny Altai lasts about 60 days from the end of July when the blossom is observed to the middle of September with the first autumn frost. The researchers collected calendula 5 times during the years of the experiment. The seeding rate had impact on the number of inflorescence pro a plant of calendula. The highest number of inflorescences was observed when the seeding rate was 10 and 12 kg/ha; the lowest – 6 kg/ha/. Inflorescences’ mass varied less and the relations between seeding rate and inflorescence mass was not observed. The first and second crude drug yield were characterized by maximal mass of inflorescence when the seeding rate was 12 kg/ha; the third and fifth crude drug yield – 8 kg/ha. The authors observed the lowest inflorescence mass when the seeding rate was 14 kg/ha. Increasing of seeding rate more than 12 kg/ha resulted in reducing of crude drug yield: the number of inflorescences, the mass of an inflorescence and the mass of inflorescences on a plant. The highest crude drug yield (2.32 tones pro ha) was observed in the variant with the seeding rate 12 kg/ha that was 22.2% higher in comparison with the control group. The researchers found out that crude drug yield was increased from the 1st yield to the 3d one; then it was reduced by means of less mass and number of inflorescences on a plant. The results show that the efficient seeding rate of calendula in low-mountain Gorny Altai is 12 kg/ha.

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