STERILITY-FIXING AGENTS OF SUNFLOWER,  RESISTANT TO EXPRESS 75 v. g. HERBICIDE

Nowadays, the specialists apply productive way of sunflower cultivating which is called ExpressSun, Express or SUMO. It is revealed a combination of herbicide, which is ALS-inhibitor from the group of sulfonylureas and sunflower genotypes resistant to this herbicide. The author outlines, that hybrids of sunflower resistant to herbicide became possible after finding species resistant to tribenuron methyl, which is a substance of sulfonylureas herbicides in wild flora. The author discovers that some plants of sunflower are resistant to 75 g. v. Express herbicide due to long applying. The plants of this kind have Su gene, which defines resistance to herbicide; this gene was transferred to the profit hybrids of sunflowers. They are made by means of selection and crossing the lines resistant to tribenuron-methyl. Since 2003, sunflower hybrids resistant to herbicides contained tribenuron-methyl derived from sulfonylureas are widely applied in the world. Genetic resistance of hybrids to this herbicide allows this herbicide applying from 2 to 8 leaves at the early stages of weeds growing. The author points out the following advantages of this technology: a) high effectiveness against the most hazardous monocotyledonous weeds; b) no limits in applying and influence on succeeding species in crop rotation. Applying of herbicide doesn’t depend on precipitation amount. It is fostered by inhibiting the ALS inhibitor enzyme, i. e. reducing the enzyme function which participates in synthesis of some aminoacids and freezing the protein synthesis. The experiment shows, that donated sunflowers are totally resistant to sulfonylureas herbicide Express 75 g. v.; the researchers controlled resistance to tribenuron-methyl while crossing these materials with selection lines in F₁ и F₂ by one dominant gene. The author receives lines, which are sterility-fixing agents of sunflower resistant to sulfonylureas herbicides.

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