SCIENTIFIC GROUNDS OF AGRCULTURAL ALCALINE SOIL DEVELOPMENT IN THE SOUTH OF THE WESTERN SIBERIA FROM 1969 TO 2014

The article demonstrates results of agricultural applying of alkaline soils in the Western Siberia during 45 years (from 1969). On founding Siberian Department of VASKHNIL (Russian Agricultural Academy) the researchers pay specific attention to alkaline soil exploring and alkaline soil fertility increasing. The alkaline soil takes more than 8.8mln ha in the region. The leading institutions, research institutes of SD RAS and SD VASKHNIL participated in the research and were supervised by Coordination Board on Alcaline Melioration. They investigated genesis and properties of alkaline complexes, developed agricultural melioration groups, ways of melioration appropriate for different croplands, systems of arable farming at tillable solonetzic complexes and machinery for carrying out these measures. The researchers developed technology of layer alkaline tillage and equipment applied at haylands and pastures; it is SibIME stilt, alkaline rooter RS-1,5, RSN-2,9 and RSN-2,9 U. The paper suggests the ways of phytoreclamation and technology of grass old sowings “regeneration” in order to prolong their applying; it points out applying and development of phytoreclamation hay-pasture crop rotation, development of non-perennial crops selection, perennial grass and grass mixtures at solonetzic complexes. The research suggests the way of self-reclamation by means of reclamative tillage (layer plowing and deep-plowing) and recommends apply chemical reclamation of solonetzic complexes by means of phosphogypsum. Thus, alkaline farm field stays efficient more than 30 years. The authors develop and recommend area farming systems for solonetzic complexes and adaptive landscape systems for solonetzic complexes.

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