Features of the realization of the potato-growing potential of Khakassia

Abstract

The issues of food security of the Russian Federation are basic for the country’s agricultural production in the context of the elements of national security. To address these issues, a primary analysis of the fundamental conditions of food production in the country’s regions is necessary. The Republic of Khakassia is one of the regions with complex soil and climatic components of the territory for high-commodity agriculture. The limiting factor for the main agricultural zone, the steppe zone, is moisture availability, while for the subtaiga zone it is the sum of active temperatures. Due to such conditions, specific indicators of agricultural land fertility are formed. The weighted average content of humus varies by region from 3.8 to 7.9 %, mobile phosphorus – from 9.7 to 21.2 mg/kg, exchangeable potassium – from 251.5 to 417.5 mg/kg. According to statistics, about 3 % of the total area of cultivated land is used for potatoes and vegetable crops for collective and peasant (farming) farms. Under the condition of applying 5.6 kg of the active substance of mineral fertilizers and 0.1 tons of organic fertilizers per hectare, there is a low yield of potatoes – from 6.64 to 12.8 tons per hectare. According to the results of the potato variety study by the Department of Agricultural Technologies and Veterinary Medicine, the yield of potato tubers in individual varieties can reach 29.2 t/ha (Lina) and 30.9 t/ha (Sarma). The results of the variance analysis showed that the contribution of the “grade” factor was 53.8 %, meteorological conditions during the growing season – 36.2 %, and the interaction of the “grade” and “year” factors was 10 %. The use of highly productive varieties of high reproductions, precise observance of deadlines and agrotechnical requirements of crop cultivation technology, provision of nutrition elements for a programmable harvest based on agrochemical survey results contribute to an increase in gross potato yields by 186.3–272.9 %.