Realization of the bioresource potential of common basil, Ocimum basilicum L. Stella varieties in vertical farms by agrobiophotonics methods

Plants respond to the spectral ratio of the intensity of photon fluxes and this allows them to influence biomass, morphogenesis, the content of nutrients and secondary metabolites. The specific and varietal characteristics of plants, as well as the methods of their cultivation, determine the requirements for the type of lighting, and its choice can be made experimentally. Objective: to evaluate the effect of the spectral composition of lighting commercial vertical farms with LEDs Miniferner 1.3 Quantum board 180 x 390 Samsung lm301b 3500K+660nm Osram SSL + UV380+FR740 +IR850 on morphogenesis, accumulation of biomass and essential oil of basil, Ocimum basilicum L. Stella varieties. The spectral composition of the studied illumination is characterized by a greater proportion of the red (600–700 nm) and far red (700–800 nm) parts of the spectrum, but with a smaller amount of green (500–600 nm) light (172.96 and 155.19; 25.06 and 16.19; 117.92 and 139.01 micromol/m² ·c for the variant and control, respectively), ultraviolet (380 nm) and infrared (850 nm) radiation are present. The ratio of red to far red is 6.90 and 9.59 in the variant and control, respectively, the illumination intensity had no effect on the wet weight of plants: 30.7±4.2 and 31.0±3.7 g (150-200 mmol/m² ·c), and 27.7±1.5 and 27.7±1.5 g (>300 mmol/m² ·c) in option and control, respectively. The change in the lighting spectrum led to an increase in the average height of plants on the 14th, 20th, 22nd and 28th days after sowing. At the time of cutting (37 days), the proportion of plants with the 3rd, 4th, 5th and 6th pairs of leaves, with lateral shoots and the onset of the budding phase increased. The dry weight of the crop increased from 3.43% to 5.17 %, and the yield of essential oil increased by 1.7 times (from 3.81 to 4.03 mg/kg). According to the component composition of the essential oil, the Stella variety can be attributed to the linalool-eugenol chemotype. Conclusion: The realization of the biological potential of the ordinary Stella basil by using lamps with a higher proportion of the red and far red spectrum compared to lamps used on commercial vertical farms with the presence of ultraviolet and infrared radiation accelerates the passage of the phenophases of the vegetative stage, helps to increase the yield of dry plant mass, which ensures an increase in the amount of essential oil obtained with a high content of linalool, eugenol and 1,8-cineol.

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