Breeding of winter wheat for the conditions of the Trans-Urals

An analysis of weather conditions in recent years shows that the bioclimatic potential for winter breads is becoming more favorable. During the years of competitive variety testing (1985–2024), the yield of winter wheat averaged 3.15 t/ha, with annual fluctuations from 0.57 to 6.31 t/ha. The increase to the spring crop was 0.43 t/ha. The research material was the varieties of the competitive winter wheat variety testing of the Kurgan SRIA branch of FSBSI UrFASRC, UrB of RAS in comparison with the Omsk winter wheat standard. The observations and assessments were carried out in accordance with the Methodology of the state variety testing. The quality of grain and flour is evaluated according to GOST standards in the technological laboratory. The purpose of the research was to study, evaluate and isolate breeding lines of winter soft wheat according to a set of economic and biological characteristics, in which the yield level is consistently maintained. The main factor of yield reduction was identified: spring-summer drought (r = 0.6-0.7). The experience of years with extreme conditions served as a provocative background for field assessments. As a result, lines adapted to local conditions with a significant increase in yield (0.84–1.15 t/ha) were identified: Umka 40, L-88-79-38, L-88-79-40, Compliment/ Fora-2, L-KP134-30; with coarse grain (44.0–46.5 g) Umka 40, L-Izaura-58, L-88-71-13, Compliment/Fora-4. According to biochemical properties corresponding to class 1–2: Umka, Umka 40, L-88-71-22, Compliment/Fora-5, L-65309/1, L-88-79-40, L-88-79-83, L-88-79-84. By baking properties: Umka-40, L-88-71-13, L-88-71-22, Umka, Compliment/Fora-5, L-88-79-38, L-88-79-83, L-KP-134-30, L-134-37, with bread volume values averaging 913 to 978 g/ml over 3 years, with a baking score of 3.6–3.8 points. During the two years of study, powdery mildew (Blumeria graminis) affected the lines to a lesser extent (5 %): L-88-79-35, L-88-79-38, L-88-79-40, L-KP-134-30, Compliment/Fora-2, Compliment/Fora-4, Compliment/Fora-5, L-CPG-120-7. Less susceptible to sclerotiniosis (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum): L-88-79-40, L-88-79-83, Compliment/Fora-2, Compliment/Fora. Resistant to brown rust: Umka-40, Proza-4, L-Izaura-64, L-386, Donskoy prostor/Izaura, Donskoy prostor/Bashkirskaya 10, Ivina/ Umka, L-S-1, L-S-2, L-S-3, L-S-12.

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