Influence of sowing dates on the vegetation period and productivity of common bean under the conditions of the forest-steppe of the Priobye region

Abstract

This study of the adaptability of common bean in the forest-steppe region of Priobye analyzes the differences in the duration of the growing season and productivity between early and late sowing. The object of the research is the medium-early variety “Solnyshko.” The work was conducted at the experimental field “Sad Michurintsev” of Novosibirsk State Agrarian University from 2022 to 2024. During the growing season, the dates of phenophase onset, meteorological factors (average daily temperature, sum of active temperatures, and precipitation), and productivity elements (mass and number of pods per plant, mass of one pod, yield of green beans) were recorded. IBM SPSS Statistics software was used for variance analysis and correlation analysis. The conducted research showed that the medium-early variety “Solnyshko” is suitable for sowing in the third decade of May in the forest-steppe region of Priobye. If the sowing period is delayed, the growing season is shortened, with the coefficient of variation for the duration of the “sowing to technical maturity” period being 52.6%. The average daily temperature negatively correlates (r = -0.685) with the duration of the phenological stage in the early growing season of beans, while it positively correlates (r = 0.584–0.682) with the duration of the phenological stage in the late period. The sum of active temperatures and precipitation has a positive correlation with the duration of phenological periods. The mass and number of pods per plant, as well as the yield of green beans, decreased in the third sowing period by 35.9–38.4, 28.0–34.8, and 36.0–37.8 % (p < 0.001 between sowing dates, p < 0.05 between years). The stage “bud formation – flowering” may be a key period influencing the yield of beans.