Polymorphism of microsatellite loci of yaroslavl cattle in herds of various breeding values

The paper presents the results of studying the polymorphism of microsattellite loci of Yaroslavl cattle in breeding herds of the Yaroslavl region. 115 alleles with different frequency of occurrence were identified for 15 microsatellite DNA loci. From 5 to 11 alleles were identified in each of the studied loci. The average number of alleles per locus was 6.41, the number of effective alleles was 3.58. The highest incidence (0.75) in the entire population was found in locus SPS115 with allele 248, its distribution ranged from 0.72 to 0.83 across farms. For the SPS115 locus, the rare alleles are 252, 254 and 256. 6 alleles were identified at the BM1818 locus. Allele 266 has the highest frequency of occurrence in all the studied herds, and alleles 262, 264 and 270 are present in sufficient numbers. The allele 182 has the highest frequency of occurrence in herds at the BM1824 locus (from 0.46 to 0.64), with an average of 0.51 in the sample. Rare alleles have been identified, which are present only in individual herds with a frequency of occurrence from 0.01 to 0.02. The average number of observed heterozygosity was 0.71, and the expected one was 0.60% less than the observed one. The study found that the first hard the heifers had the highest yield (6871 kg, p < 0.001), rare alleles were identified in this herd – 179 at the CSSM66 locus and 268 at the BM1818 locus. The largest number of alleles, which are not present in other herds, was revealed in the breeding herd III. The higher fat content was obtained from the first heifers of this herd – 4.36% and the higher protein content – 3.45%.The fixation index in all the studied herds was negative (-0.019), which indicates an excess of heterozygotes. The obtained data will allow controlling the level of homozygosity in herds, and taking into account the allelic polymorphism of the breeding stock when fixing bulls of producers to obtain breeding offspring and in custom mating.

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