Influence of selective conditions in vitro on variability of created flax forms

Fiber flax is a strategic crop. Flax products are widely used in various sectors of the economy, including the production of fabrics, paints, medical cotton wool, gunpowder, etc. The occurrence of diseases on flax crops entails a decrease in crop yield. The quality of flax fiber obtained from the affected flax plant deteriorates, and infected seeds reduce germination and biological potential. The most harmful diseases of fiber flax at present are fusarium wilt, rust, anthracnose, pasmo, and bacteriosis. The goal of the research conducted in 2021–2023 on the basis of the laboratory of breeding and biotechnology of the Federal State Budgetary Institution “Federal Scientific Center for Bast Crops” (Tver Region) was to create new flax genotypes resistant to anthracnose (Colletotrichum lini) using biotechnological methods. As a result of research, new forms, more resistant to the pathogen, were created in vitro from flax genotypes susceptible to anthracnose. It was revealed that on a selective background, plants with varying degrees of resistance were formed on the basis of immature embryos. Both resistant and moderately susceptible forms were noted susceptible forms formed on the basis of the same genotype. It was noted that the majority of regenerants obtained during in vitro selection from genotypes susceptible to anthracnose, under the newly created selective conditions, were characterized by resistance and average susceptibility to the cultural filtrate. It has been suggested that the formation of regenerated plants, different from the original forms, against a selective background in the culture of immature fiber flax embryos, is caused by the occurrence of a spontaneous mutation process, which, apparently, does not always depend on the creation of selective conditions. The studies revealed differences in the used strains of the anthracnose pathogen according to morphological characteristics. It was established that the intensity of sporulation and growth of the strains used did not depend on their virulence.

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