The dusty smut of barley in the Omsk region and sources of resistance to it

Most barley varieties grown in the Omsk region on an area of more than 300 thousand hectares are affected by dusty smut. The purpose of our study is to analyze the gene pool of the pathogen population and identify the sources of resistance to it. In the field, on an artificial infectious background of the plant immunity laboratory in 2019-2023, in the first decade of July, during flowering, test varieties with identified resistance genes were infected: Run 1, Run 3, Run 6, Run 7, Run 8, Run 12 and Run 14, varieties of local selection Gift of Siberia (susceptibility indicator) and Omsk 99 (stability indicator), samples of the world collection of barley VIR and hybrid material of Omsk ancestor teliospores of the local population of the Dusty smut Ustilago tritici. hordei (Jens.) Kell. et. Sw. (Оld name Ustilago nuda (Jens.) Kell. et Swing). Infected seeds were sown and the lesion of the samples for the next year was taken into account according to the VIR method and the adapted SIMMIT method. The results of the study of the dusty smut population showed that varieties with the Run 3, Run 6 and Run 8 genes and sample L-6823 (Run 12) showed high resistance to the pathogen. The Trebi (Run 1) and Anoidium (Run 7) samples showed a variation from practical resistance to weak susceptibility (damage from 2.5 to 19.1%), and the Korol sample (Run 14) – from weak to strong susceptibility. The assessment of the stability of the varieties included in the GR of the Russian Federation and the hybrid material of the laboratory for the breeding of grain crops showed that most forms are affected from a weak to medium degree. The Omsk 102 variety, included in the GR of the Russian Federation since 2023, has confirmed its resistance to dusty smut. In the hybrid material, samples with practical stability and mild damage were isolated – Nutans 4945 and Nutans 4926. Among the collection material, resistant numbers were identified: Suzdalets (k-30314), Zadel, Vityaz (RF), Himalayen (k-15549), Galt (k-19910), Bonanza (k-21661) all from Canada, etc. The listed samples are recommended as sources of stability for inclusion in the breeding process when creating resistant varieties for cultivation in the Omsk region.

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