Assessment of the metabolic profile of the Altai-Sayan breed

Antler reindeer breeding is an industry for breeding red deer, and the most economically valuable species is maral. Currently, two regions are cultivating the primary livestock in the Russian Federation - the Republic of Altai and the Altai Territory. The growth of antlers and their biological properties depend on the physiological status of the deer organism, which is determined by analysing the biochemical composition of blood serum. The experimental part of the study was conducted in the production conditions of the maral breeding farm of Shagym LLC in 2023. During the study, the authors found a decrease in liver enzymes (AST, ALT, alkaline phosphatase) by the age of 12 in maral-stag by 32%, 22% and 10%, respectively. The most intensive protein metabolism was determined in stags at 7–8 years. During the analysis of the glucose level in stags, depending on age, an increase in carbohydrate metabolism from 4–6 to 7–8 years old by 4% is noted, and from middle-aged to senior animals, it decreases by 4%. The triglyceride amount in the blood serum from 4 to 8 years increases by 11% and then reduces by 13% by 12 years. An increase in cholesterol content was found in stags aged 9–12 years; the difference between 4–6 and 7–8-year-olds was 14 and 7%, respectively. As a result of the study, the higher calcium content in the blood serum of young male marals was revealed - 3.59 mmol/l. The difference between the middle group was 20% and the adult 7.5%. The level of phosphorus in the blood serum of old (9–12 years old) and young stags (4–6 years old) is in the same range and is 1.4 mmol/l, which is 4% more than in the middle age group (7–8 years old)). The research results demonstrate the need to study the biochemical composition of blood serum to assess animals’ physiological status and metabolism and timely eliminate damaging violations in case of non-compliance with normative age indicators.

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