The absolute mass of the internal organs of the Landras pigs grown in Western Siberia

 Several factors determine the development of internal organs. They characterise the intensity of animals’ growth, physique, constitutional strength, resistance to diseases of various genesis and, in general, the adaptive ability of animals. The authors assessed the absolute mass of such parenchymal abdominal organs as the liver, kidneys, and spleen of Landrace pigs. A group of representatively selected pigs, taking into account their origin, sex, age, and live weight, was formed at the early stages of the technological cycle. The total number of animal units was 12. The fattening of the animals took place on a large pig farm in the Altai Territory. The conditions of keeping the animals corresponded to the regular feeding for meat fattening. In addition, a preventive plan for vaccinated animals and systematic veterinary control was provided. Based on the current technical instructions and other regulatory documents, Slaughter was carried out at the end of the technological cycle when the live weight reached 100 kg. The absolute mass of organs without surrounding structures was determined by weighing on a balance with a high accuracy class. The obtained data were evaluated using Microsoft Office Excel and the R programming language in the data analysis environment RStudio version 2022.07.2+576 (RStudio, PBC). The visual assessment showed the absence of pathological and anatomical changes in organs. Based on the ShapiroWilk test, a normal distribution was established in all cases. For the liver, the W-criterion is 0.93, the kidneys - 0.90 and the spleen - 0.98; the significance level is more significant than 0.05. In pigs, the median absolute weight of the liver was 1542.0 g; for the kidneys - 303.0, and the spleen - 164.0 g; The 95% confidence interval for kidneys is 133.0–195.0 g; for the spleen - 120.0–197.0; for the liver - 1310.0–1792.0 g. The article presents the indicators of the variability of the trait under consideration. The authors established interbreed differentiation of pigs by the mass of parenchymal organs.

1. Zajko O.A., Izmenchivost` i korrelyacii ximicheskix e`lementov v organax i tkanyax svinej skorospeloj myasnoj porody` SM-1 (Variability and correlations of chemical elements in organs and tissues of pigs of early maturing meat breed SM-1), Candidate’s thesis, Novosibirsk, 2014, 183 p.

2. Strizhkova M.V., Soderzhanie, izmenchivost’ i korrelyatsiya makroelementov v organakh i tkanyakh krupnogo rogatogo skota cherno-pestroi porody (Content, variability and correlation of macronutrients in organs and tissues of Black-and-white cattle), Candidate’s thesis, Novosibirsk, 2018, 126 p.

3. Narozhny`x K.N., Izmenchivost`, korrelyaciya i uroven` tyazhely`x metallov v organax i tkanyax gerefordskogo skota v usloviyax Zapadnoj Sibiri (Variability, correlation and level of heavy metals in organs and tissues of Hereford cattle in the conditions of Western Siberia), Candidate’s thesis, Novosibirsk, 2019, 163 p.

4. Panov B.L., Petukhov V.L., Ernst L.K. [et al.], Problemy selektsii sel’skokhozyaistvennykh zhivotnykh, (Problems of breeding farm animals) Novosibirsk: Sibirskoe izdatel’sko poligraficheskoe i knigotorgovoe predpriyatie “Nauka” RAN, 1997. 283 p.

5. Anisimova K.A., Sravnitel’naya morfologiya pecheni i podzheludochnoi zhelezy svinei myasnykh porod na rannikh etapakh postnatal’nogo ontogeneza (Comparative morphology of the liver and pancreas of pigs of meat breeds at the early stages of postnatal ontogenesis), Candidate’s thesis, Sankt-Peterburg, 2020, 121 p.

6. Zagorodnev Yu.P., Zyukanov A.V., Nauka i Obrazovanie, 2022, Vol. 5, No. 1, pp. 99. (In Russ.)

7. Smirnov V.M., Smirnova N.V., Aktual’nye voprosy sovremennoi ekonomiki, 2020, No. 10, pp. 355–362. (In Russ.)

8. Zelenevskii N.V., Zelenevskii K.N., Anatomiya zhivotnykh (Animal anatomy), Sankt-Peterburg: Lan’, 2022, 450 p.

9. Fedotov D.N., Uchenye zapiski uchrezhdeniya obrazovaniya Vitebskaya ordena Znak pocheta gosudarstvennaya akademiya veterinarnoi meditsiny, 2011, Vol. 47, No. 1, pp. 305–308. (In Russ.)

10. Shevchenko B.P., Ozernoi E.V., Izvestiya Orenburgskogo gosudarstvennogo agrarnogo universiteta, 2014, No. 2 (46), pp. 185–189. (In Russ.)

11. Shlenkina T.M., Lyubin N.A., Akhmetova V.V., Pul’cherovskaya L.P., Uchenye zapiski Kazanskoi gosudarstvennoi akademii veterinarnoi meditsiny im. N.E. Baumana, 2019, Vol. 240, No. 4, pp. 214–219. (In Russ.)

12. Skripkin V.S., Kvochko A.N., Dilekova O.V. [et al.], Veterinarnaya patologiya, 2021, No. 2(76), pp. 58–64. (In Russ.)

13. Trukhachev V.I., Skripkin V.S., Kvochko A.N., Shulunova A.N., Vestnik KrasGAU, 2021, No. 8 (173), pp. 149–153. (In Russ.)

14. Shubina T.P., Choporova N.V., Mezhdunarodnyi nauchno-issledovatel’skii zhurnal, 2022, No. 5–1 (119), pp. 168–170. (In Russ.)

15. Makhaev E.A., Mysik A.T., Strekozov N.I., Rekomendatsii po detalizirovannomu kormleniyu svinei myasnogo tipa (Recommendations for detailed feeding of meat-type pigs), Dubrovitsy: Vserossiiskii NII zhivotnovodstva im. akademika L.K. Ernsta, 2016, 118 p. (In Russ.)

16. Nekrasov R.V., Golovin A.V., Makhaev E.A. [et al.], Normy potrebnostei molochnogo skota i svinei v pitatel’nykh veshchestvakh (Nutrient requirements for dairy cattle and pigs), Federal’nyi nauchnyi tsentr zhivotnovodstva, VIZh im. akademika L.K. Ernsta, Moscow: Rossiiskaya akademiya nauk, 2018, 290 p.

17. Syso A.I., Lebedeva M.A., Khudyaev S.A. [et al.], Vestnik NGAU, 2017, No. 3 (44), pp. 54–61. (In Russ.)

18. Nazarenko A.V., Zaiko O.A., Konovalova T.V. [et al.], Lead content in bristle in aboriginal pigs of Siberia, Trace Elements and Electrolytes, 2021, Vol. 38, No. 3, рр. 150.

19. Narozhnykh K.N., Konovalova T.V., Fedyaev J.I. [et al.], Lead content in soil, water, forage, grains, organs and the muscle tissue of cattle in western Siberia (Russia), Indian Journal of Ecology, 2018, Vol. 45, No. 4, pp. 866–871.

20. Konovalova T.V., Narozhnykh K.N., Petukhov V.L. [et al.], Copper content in hair, bristle and feather in different species reared in Western Siberia, Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology, 2017, Vol. 44, No. S, рр. 74.

21. Patrashkov S.A., Petukhov V.L., Korotkevich O.S., Petukhov I.V., Content of heavy metals in the hair, Journal De Physique. IV : JP, Grenoble, 2003, pp. 1025–1027.

22. Swindle M.M., Smith A.C., Comparative anatomy and physiology of the pig, Scandinavian Journal of Laboratory Animal Science, 1998, Vol. 25, pp. 11–21.

23. Pabst R., The pig as a model for immunology research, Cell and Tissue Research, 2020, Vol. 380, pp. 287–304.

24. Rothkotter H.J., Anatomical particularities of the porcine immune system-a physician’s view, Developmental and Comparative Immunology, 2009, Vol. 33 (3), pp. 267–272.

25. Drozdova L.I., Puzyrnikov A.V., Agrarnyi vestnik Urala, 2015, No. 11 (141), pp. 20–23. (In Russ.)

26. Andreeva S.D., Shestakova A.N., Sapozhnikov A.F., Anatomo-fiziologicheskaya kharakteristika i metody issledovaniya pecheni u zhivotnykh (Anatomical and physiological characteristics and methods for studying the liver in animals), Kirov: Vyatskaya gosudarstvennaya sel’skokhozyaistvennaya akademiya, 2012, 112 p.

27. Goralsky L.P., Dunaіevska O.F., Morphological features of the spleen of domestic animals, Austria–science, 2018, No. 16, pp. 3–6.

28. Korotkevich O.S., Narozhnykh K.N., Konovalova T.V. [et al.], Patent № 2591825 C1 Rossiiskaya Federatsiya, MPK G01N 33/48. Sposob opredeleniya soderzhaniya kadmiya v pecheni krupnogo rogatogo skota: № 2015116391/15: zayavl. 29.04.2015: opubl. 20.07.2016; zayavitel’ FGBOU VO Novosibirskii gosudarstvennyi agrarnyi universitet. (In Russ.)

29. Narozhnykh K.N., Sokolova E.S., Konovalova T.V. [et al.], Patent № 2758902 C1 Rossiiskaya Federatsiya, MPK G01N 33/48. Sposob otsenki kadmiya v myshechnoi tkani krupnogo rogatogo skota: № 2020124521: zayavl. 14.07.2020: opubl. 02.11.2021; zayavitel’ FGBOU VO Novosibirskii gosudarstvennyi agrarnyi universitet. (In Russ.)

30. Zaiko O.A., Nazarenko A.V., Sebezhko O.I. [et al.], Patent № 2761031 C1 Rossiiskaya Federatsiya, MPK G01N 33/48. Sposob opredeleniya urovnya tsinka v pochkakh svinei: № 2021101423: zayavl. 22.01.2021: opubl. 02.12.2021; zayavitel’ FGBOU VO Novosibirskii gosudarstvennyi agrarnyi universitet. (In Russ.)

31. Zaiko O.A., Konovalova T.V., Sebezhko O.I. [et al.], Patent № 2762614 C1 Rossiiskaya Federatsiya, MPK G01N 33/48. Sposob opredeleniya urovnya zheleza v pecheni svine: № 2021107856: zayavl. 23.03.2021: opubl. 21.12.2021; zayavitel’ FGBOU VO Novosibirskii gosudarstvennyi agrarnyi universitet. (In Russ.)

32. Gudilin I.I., Dement’ev V.N., Tarakanov E.A. [et al.], Kemerovskaya poroda svinei (Kemerovo pig breed), Novosibirsk: RPO SO RASKhN, 2003, 388 p.

33. Pogodaev V.A., Peshkov A.D., Perspektivnoe svinovodstvo: teoriya i praktika, 2011, No. 1, pp. 11. (In Russ.)

34. Fedorenkova L.A., Sheiko R.I., Yanovich E.A. [et al.], Zootekhnicheskaya nauka Belarusi, 2015, Vol. 50, No. 1, pp. 190–196. (In Russ.)

35. Il’tyakov A.V., Neupokoeva A.S., Stupina E.S., Aktual’nye problemy APK i innovatsionnye puti ikh resheniya (Actual problems of the agro-industrial complex and innovative ways to solve them), Proceedings of the Conference, Kurgan: Kurganskaya gosudarstvennaya sel’skokhozyaistvennaya akademiya im. T.S. Mal’tseva, 2021, pp. 196–201. (In Russ.)

36. Petukhov V.L., Tikhonov V.N., Zheltikov A.I. [et al.], Genofond i fenofond sibirskoi severnoi porody i cherno-pestroi porodnoi gruppy svinei (Gene pool and pheno pool of the Siberian northern breed and the black-and-white breed group of pigs), Novosibirsk: Prometei, 2012, 579 p. (In Russ.)

37. Ternitskii P.I., Trudy SibNIIZh, Novosibirsk, 1951, Vyp. 7, pp. 51–65. (In Russ.)