Effect of chemical crop protection agents on weed infestation and potato productivity in the steppe zone of the Khakassia Republic

In the Russian Federation, large areas in farms of various forms of ownership are devoted to the potato. The wide range of uses for this crop is particularly relevant to the industry. Cultivation technology in general, particularly some elements of agronomic techniques, may have specific differences depending on the region and the soil and climate zone. An invariable negative biotic factor for any area remains weeds, which account for the agro-technological costs. The biological group and species composition of weeds significantly influence potato yields. Chemical crop protection products (herbicides) have a significant effect in reducing the negative impact of the factor. Therefore, the aim of the study is the effect of different herbicide preparations on weed infestation and potato productivity in the conditions of the steppe zone of the Republic of Khakassia. Experiments were laid from 2018 to 2020 on dark chestnut soil in the steppe zone of the Republic of Khakassia. The authors chose a medium-early potato variety of Siberian selection Tuleevsky as an object of research. The recommended potato cultivation technology for this zone was used in the study. Herbicides were selected for preemergence application (Gezagard, Lazurit, Sukhovey, Tornado), applied 20-25 days after planting, before the mass sprouting of plants. The hydrothermal coefficient changed from 1.68 to 1.85 in the years of research. Using herbicides reduced the number of monocotyledonous weeds by 18,9 - 26,7% and dicotyledonous weeds by 38,5 - 46,1% by the harvest period. Reduction of competition with weeds for life factors allowed increased biometric indicators of potatoes (height of a plant, number of leaves, weight of haulm). The increase of biometric parameters of potatoes has essentially affected the growth of economic productivity of leaves from 9,3 to 13,2 %. The yield of potatoes has increased on 3,6-6,5 t/hectare (at the maximum value at a background of Lazurite preparation) due to the increase of efficiency of work of assimilating apparatus. The use of herbicides on potatoes allows increasing the level of profitability of production by 22,3-56,4%.

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