PRODUCTIVE LONGEVITY OF BLACK-AND-WHITE COWS IN DIFFERENT ECOLOGICAL AREAS OF THE URAL ZONE

The ecological situation in a particular area has a huge impact on the growth and development of all living organisms. The paper demonstrates a comparative analysis of the productive longevity of Black-and-White cows in the Kurgan and Sverdlovsk regions. It has been established that the yield of cows aged 1-2 lactations at the enterprises of the Kurgan region is 14.8%, and in the Sverdlovsk region - by 20.3% more. The share of cows died within the period from the fifth to the sixth lactation in the Kurgan region exceeds that parameter of the Sverdlovsk region by 18.1%. The most common causes of cow death in the ecological zones are leg diseases (13.9-17.6% of cases). Among the most common reasons for animals death in the Kurgan region are metabolic diseases, low milk productivity, difficult births and complications, osteoarthritis; in the Sverdlovsk region these reasons are seen as diseases of the breast, digestive organs, deficiencies of the exterior. As a result of infectious diseases, the animals in the Kurgan region were eliminated in the amount of 3.0%, and in the Sverdlovsk region they were not eliminated. Cows grown in the Kurgan region with lifelong milk yield of up to 5 thousand kg of milk had an annual milk yield of 2205.0 kg, which is 9.8% higher than in the same group of animals in the Sverdlovsk region. The difference in this case varied from 172.0 to 2821.0 kg of milk per lactation on average.

cows, productive longevity, Black-and-White cows, ecology, the reasons of death, the age of death, milk productivity, lifelong milk yield

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