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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vestngau</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник университета биотехнологий</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Vestnik University of biotechnologiy</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">3033-8433</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Publishing Centre “Zolotoy Kolos” of Novosibirsk State Agrarian University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31677/3033-8433-2026-21-1-160-171</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vestngau-2849</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ВЕТЕРИНАРИЯ, ЗООТЕХНИЯ И БИОТЕХНОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>VETERINARY, ANIMAL SCIENCES AND BIOTECHNOLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Кишечный микробиом и гены иммунитета русско-ленского осетра при применении пробиотиков</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Intestinal microbiome and immune genes of rolo sturgeon hybrid using probiotics</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Салов</surname><given-names>С. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Salov</surname><given-names>S. R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>младший научный сотрудник</p><p>пос. Борок; , Ярославль</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Junior Researcher</p><p>Borok; Yaroslavl</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Микряков</surname><given-names>Д. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mikryakov</surname><given-names>D. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат биологических наук, зав. лабораторией иммунологии, ведущий научный сотрудник</p><p>пос. Борок</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD in Biology, Head of the Immunology Laboratory, Leading Researcher</p><p>Borok</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Скворцова</surname><given-names>Е. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Skvortsova</surname><given-names>E. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат биологических наук, доцент, заведующая кафедрой зоотехнии</p><p>Ярославль</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD in Biology, Associate Professor, Head of the Animal Science Department</p><p>Yaroslavl</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мостофина</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mostofina</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>старший преподаватель кафедры зоотехнии</p><p>Ярославль</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Senior Lecturer, Animal Science Department</p><p>Yaroslavl</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Жандалгарова</surname><given-names>А. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zhandalgarova</surname><given-names>A. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат сельскохозяйственных наук, доцент кафедры «Аквакультура и водные биоресурсы»</p><p>Астрахань</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD in Agricultural Sciences, Associate Professor, Department of Aquaculture and Aquatic Bioresources</p><p>Astrakhan</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт биологии внутренних вод им. И.Д. Папанина РАН; Ярославский государственный аграрный университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute for Biology of Inland Waters. I.D. Papanin RAS; Yaroslavl State Agrarian University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт биологии внутренних вод им. И.Д. Папанина РАН</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute for Biology of Inland Waters. I.D. Papanin RAS</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Ярославский государственный аграрный университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Yaroslavl State Agrarian University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Астраханский государственный технический университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Astrakhan State Technical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>12</day><month>08</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>160</fpage><lpage>171</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Салов С.Р., Микряков Д.В., Скворцова Е.Г., Мостофина А.В., Жандалгарова А.Д., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Салов С.Р., Микряков Д.В., Скворцова Е.Г., Мостофина А.В., Жандалгарова А.Д.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Salov S.R., Mikryakov D.V., Skvortsova E.G., Mostofina A.V., Zhandalgarova A.D.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vestngau.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/2849">https://vestngau.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/2849</self-uri><abstract><p>В аквакультуре осетровых рыб поддержание сбалансированного кишечного микробиома и иммунной функции критически важно для поддержания здоровья и повышения продуктивности. В кишечнике гибрида осетровых рыб был исследован состав микробиома и гены иммунитета после добавления в корм пробиотиков. В 14-суточном эксперименте участвовало пять групп: контроль (корм без добавок) и опытные группы, получавшие пробиотики «Экофлор» и «Флорин Форте» в разных дозировках. Для исследования отбирали кишечник у пяти особей перед началом эксперимента и в каждой группе на 14-е сутки. Для анализа микрообиома применяли метод метабаркодинга вариабельных участков V3-V4 гена 16S рРНК. С помощью ПЦР-анализа проводили детекцию генов иммунитета (цитокинов, антимикробных пептидов и белков плотных контактов). Установлено, что до эксперимента в кишечнике рыб доминировал условно-патогенный филум Pseudomonadota. Однако после применения пробиотиков во всех группах была отмечена смена доминирующего таксона на Bacillota_D и Bacillota_A, Desulfobacterota_I. Целевые пробиотические штаммы Lactobacillus и Bifidobacterium не были обнаружены, вероятно, из-за короткой длительности эксперимента и условий содержания. Анализ иммунного статуса выявил вариабельную картину  присутствия  изучаемых  генов  между  группами.  Наибольшая  доля  положительных  результатов  по иммунным генам была отмечена у рыб до начала опыта и в группе, получавшей «Экофлор» в дозировке 7 г. При изучении корреляционной матрицы были найдены значимые связи между составом микробиома и иммунными генами. Обнаружено, что условно-патогенные Bacillota_D и Bacillota_C отрицательно влияли на иммунный ответ, а также нарушали целостность кишечного барьера. Напротив, Desulfobacterota_I стимулировал защитные механизмы, положительно коррелируя с антимикробными пептидами. Применение препаратов в период эксперимента привело к значимым, но разнонаправленным изменениям микробиома.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>In sturgeon aquaculture, maintaining a balanced gut microbiome and immune function is critical to maintaining health and improving productivity. The gut microbiome composition and immune genes were studied in hybrid sturgeon after adding probiotics to the feed. Five groups participated in the 14-day experiment: control (feed without additives) and experimental groups receiving probiotics «Ecoflor» and «Florin forte» in different dosages. For the study, the intestines of five individuals were collected before the experiment and in each group on day 14. The microbiome was analyzed using the metabarcoding method of variable regions V3-V4 of the 16S rRNA gene. Immune genes (cytokines, antimicrobial peptides and tight junction proteins) were detected using PCR analysis. It was found that before the experiment, the opportunistic phylum Pseudomonadota dominated in the fish intestine. However, after the use of probiotics, a change in the dominant taxon to Bacillota_D and Bacillota_A, Desulfobacterota_I was noted in all groups. The target probiotic strains Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium were not detected, probably due to the short duration of the experiment and maintenance conditions. Analysis of the immune status revealed a variable pattern of the presence of the studied genes between the groups. The highest proportion of positive results for immune genes was noted in fish before the experiment and in the group receiving «Ecoflor» at a dosage of 7 g. When studying the correlation matrix, significant relationships were found between the composition of the microbiome and immune genes. It was found that opportunistic Bacillota_D and Bacillota_C negatively affected the immune response and disrupted the integrity of the intestinal barrier. In contrast, Desulfobacterota_I stimulated defense mechanisms, positively correlating with antimicrobial peptides. The use of drugs during the experimental period led to significant but multidirectional changes in the microbiome.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>русско-ленский осетр</kwd><kwd>пробиотики</kwd><kwd>кишечный микробиом</kwd><kwd>гены иммунитета</kwd><kwd>метабаркодинг</kwd><kwd>ПЦР-анализ</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Russian-Lena sturgeon: probiotics</kwd><kwd>intestinal microbiome</kwd><kwd>immune genes</kwd><kwd>metabarcoding</kwd><kwd>PCR&#13;
analysis</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено за счет средств бюджетов бюджетной системы Российской Федерации, о проведенных научных исследованиях (разработках), о полученных научных и научно-технических результатах № 225013105843-2, гранта Российского научного фонда № 25-26-20177.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Влияние качества корма на скорость роста, биохимические показатели и микробиом кишечника стерляди Acipenser ruthenus / В.А. Григорьев, М. Куликов, М.С. 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