vestngauВестник университета биотехнологийVestnik University of biotechnologiy3033-8433Publishing Centre “Zolotoy Kolos” of Novosibirsk State Agrarian University10.31677/2072-6724-2025-76-3-15-30vestngau-2640Research ArticleАГРОНОМИЯAGRONOMYБиотехнология получения растений–регенерантов земляники садовой ex vitro с использованием хелатов кремния из возобновляемого растительного сырьяBiotechnology of obtaining garden strawberry regenerate plants ex vitro using silicon chelates from renewable plant raw materialsАмбросЕ. В.AmbrosE. V.

Кандидат биологических наук, зав. Лабораторией.

Новосибирск

PhD in Biology, Head of Laboratory.

Novosibirsk

ambros_ev@mail.ruТрофимоваЕ. Г.TrofimovaE. G.

Кандидат химических наук, научный сотрудник.

Новосибирск

PhD in Chemistry, Research Associate.

Novosibirsk

Центральный сибирский ботанический сад СО РАНРоссияCentral Siberian Botanical Garden SB RASRussian FederationИнститут химии твердого тела и механохимии СО РАНРоссияInstitute of Solid State Chemistry and Mechanochemistry SB RASRussian Federation202508102025031530Copyright © Амброс Е.В., Трофимова Е.Г., 20252025Амброс Е.В., Трофимова Е.Г.Ambros E.V., Trofimova E.G.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://vestngau.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/2640

Одной из проблем недостаточных объемов возделывания земляники садовой в Новосибирской области является отсутствие промышленного производства высококачественного посадочного материала, от которого напрямую зависит урожайность культуры. Технология клонального микроразмножения может помочь решить проблему получения генетически идентичного оздоровленного посадочного материала высокого качества. Эффективность клонального микроразмножения в значительной степени зависит от оптимизации этапов культивирования. Изучены адаптивные реакции растений–регенерантов земляники садовой (‘Солнечная полянка’, ‘Альфа’) при укоренении и адаптации в условиях ex vitro под действием экологически чистого кремнийсодержащего механокомпозита из возобновляемого растительного сырья. Для стимуляции ризогенеза у микропобегов применяли: полив водным раствором питательной среды Мурасиге–Скуга, содержащим ¼ концентрации стандартных компонентов среды; импульсную обработку водным раствором 30 мг/л индолилуксусной кислоты (течение 4 часов) с последующим поливом раствором ¼ Мурасиге–Скуга; однократный полив раствором ¼ Мурасиге–Скуга с добавлением 0,3, 1,0, 3,0 г/л механокомпозита; опудривание базальной части микропобегов механокомпозитом с последующим поливом раствором ¼ Мурасиге–Скуга. Установлено, что опудривание базальной части микропобегов механокомпозитом наиболее эффективный способ обработки регенерантов в условиях ex vitro. Опудривание механокомпозитом существенно увеличивало частоту ризогенеза (до 95 % против 25-45 % в контроле), стимулировало развитие корневой системы (длина корней увеличивалась относительно контроля в 2,5–4,3 раза, число корней на растение – в 1,2–2,0 раза, сухая масса корней – в 3,0 раза у сорта ‘Альфа’) и надземной системы растений (площадь листовой пластинки увеличивалась в 1,2–2,0 раза, сухая масса побегов – в 2,6–3,7 раза), повышало содержание основных фотосинтетических пигментов в листьях регенерантов (содержание хлорофилла a + b увеличивалось в 1,2 раза, каротиноидов – в 1,2–1,4 раза). Под действием механокомпозита листья регенерантов приобретали признаки ксероморфной организации. Отмечено увеличение плотности устьиц на абаксиальной стороне листа у сорта ‘Альфа’ (в 1,4 раза), интенсивное накопление эпикутикулярных восков на нижней эпидерме листовых пластинок регенерантов двух сортов. Определено, что кремний аккумулируется в наземной части регенерантов земляники садовой. Минимальное содержание кремния было в контроле (2020 мкг/г), под действием механокомпозита содержание кремния увеличивалось (до 3500 мкг/г при поливе и 3200 мкг/г при опудривании механокомпозитом). Разработанная технология позволяет исключить этап укоренения in vitro и сократить общий цикл клонального микроразмножения на 4 недели, обеспечивая высокое качество посадочного материала земляники садовой.

One of the problems of insufficient cultivation of garden strawberries in the Novosibirsk region is the lack of industrial production of high-quality planting material, on which the crop yield directly depends. The technology of clonal micropropagation can help to solve the problem of obtaining genetically identical healthy planting material of high quality. The efficiency of clonal micropropagation largely depends on the optimization of the cultivation stages. Adaptive responses of garden strawberry regenerants (‘Solnechnaya Polyanka’, ‘Alpha’) during rooting and ex vitro acclimation under the influence of an environmentally friendly silicon-containing mechanocomposite made from renewable plant materials were studied. To stimulate rhizogenesis in microshoots the following treatments were used: watering with an aqueous solution of Murashige-Skoog nutrient medium containing ¼ concentration of standard medium components; pulse treatment with an aqueous solution of 30 mg/l indoleacetic acid (for 4 hours) followed by watering with a solution of ¼ Murashige-Skoog; a single watering with a solution of ¼ Murashige-Skoog with the addition of 0.3, 1.0, 3.0 g/l of mechanocomposite; dry dipping the basal part of the microshoots with a mechanocomposite followed by watering with a solution of ¼ Murashige-Skoog. It was found, that dry dipping the basal part of the microshoots with a mechanocomposite is the most effective treatment method of regenerants in ex vitro conditions. This treatment significantly increased the frequency of rhizogenesis (up to 95% versus 25-45% in the control), stimulated the development of the root system (the length of the roots increased relative to the control by 2.5-4.3 times, the number of roots per plant by 1.2-2.0 times, the dry weight of the roots by 3.0 times for the cv. ‘Alpha’) and the above-ground system of plants (the area of the leaf blade increased by 1.2-2.0 times, the dry weight of the shoots by 2.6-3.7 times), increased the content of the main photosynthetic pigments in the leaves of the regenerants (the content of chlorophyll a + b increased by 1.2 times, carotenoids by 1.2-1.4 times). Under the influence of the mechanocomposite, the leaves of the regenerants acquired signs of a xeromorphic organization. An increase in the density of stomata on the abaxial side of the leaf in the cv. ‘Alpha’ (by 1.4 times), intensive accumulation of epicuticular waxes on the lower epidermis of the leaf blades of the regenerants of two cultivars was noted. It was determined that silicon accumulates in the aboveground part of the garden strawberry regenerants. The minimum silicon content was in the control (2020 μg/g), under the influence of the mechanocomposite, the silicon content increased (up to 3500 μg/g with watering and 3200 μg/g with dusting with the mechanocomposite). The developed technology allows to eliminate the in vitro rooting stage and reduce the overall clonal micropropagation cycle by 4 weeks, ensuring high quality of garden strawberry planting material.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.