vestngauВестник университета биотехнологийVestnik University of biotechnologiy3033-8433Publishing Centre “Zolotoy Kolos” of Novosibirsk State Agrarian University10.31677/2072-6724-2025-75-2-207-213vestngau-2607Research ArticleВЕТЕРИНАРИЯ, ЗООТЕХНИЯ И БИОТЕХНОЛОГИЯVETERINARY, ANIMAL SCIENCES AND BIOTECHNOLOGYГистологическое строение гипофиза у представителей отряда хищныхHistological structure of the pituitary gland of carnivoresКудрявцеваД. Е.KudryavtsevaD. E.

 аспирант

Новосибирск

postgraduate student

Novosibirsk

kudryavceva.darya.99@mail.ruРаспутинаО. В.RasputinaO. V.

доктор ветеринарных наук, профессор

Новосибирск

Doctor of Veterinary Sciences, Professor

Novosibirsk

Новосибирский государственный аграрный университетРоссияNovosibirsk State Agrarian UniversityRussian Federation20251807202502207213Copyright © Кудрявцева Д.Е., Распутина О.В., 20252025Кудрявцева Д.Е., Распутина О.В.Kudryavtseva D.E., Rasputina O.V.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://vestngau.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/2607

Гистологическая структура гипофиза была изучена у 26 голов хищных млекопитающих (10 американских норок, 10 домашних кошек и 6 серебристо-черных лисиц). Работа проведена на кафедре анатомии и физиологии ФГБОУ ВО Новосибирский ГАУ и на базе экспериментальной зверофермы Института цитологии и генетики СО РАН с 2023 по 2024 гг. Гипофизы были изучены топографически после удаления костей черепа, а также исследованы микроскопически после фиксации материала в 10%-м растворе нейтрального забуференного формалина. Приготовленные срезы окрашивали с помощью гематоксилина и эозина, а затем изучали с помощью световой микроскопии и последующим фотографированием основных структур. В результате исследования установлена топография гипофиза на базальной поверхности головного мозга. Изучение гистологических срезов показало, что у исследуемых видов животных гипофиз хорошо развит, делится на переднюю (аденогипофиз) и заднюю (нейрогипофиз) доли, отделенные друг от друга гипофизарной щелью. Гипофиз у всех животных был окружен твердой мозговой оболочкой. В аденогипофизе наблюдались все части – дистальная, туберальная и промежуточная. Дистальная часть аденогипофза состояла из трех основных типов клеток: ацидофилов, базофилов и хромофобных клеток. Ацидофилы были меньше базофилов, а хромофобы были самыми крупными клетками. Туберальная часть состояла преимущественно из хромофобных клеток и синусоидных капилляров. Промежуточная часть содержала скопления хромофобных и базофильных клеток. Нейрогипофиз содержал немиелинизированне нервные волокна, среди которых были разбросаны многочисленные питуициты. Полученные данные совпали с гистологическим строением гипофиза других хищных млекопитающих.

The histological structure of the pituitary gland was studied in 26 carnivorous mammals (10 American mink, 10 domestic cats and 6 silver-black foxes). The studies were carried out at the Department of Anatomy and Physiology of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education of the Novosibirsk State Agrarian University and based on the experimental fur farm of the Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences during 2023-2024. The pituitary glands were examined topographically after removal of the skull bones, and examined microscopically after fixation of the material in 10% neutral buffered formalin solution. The prepared sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin and then examined by light microscopy followed by photographing the major structures. The study established the topography of the pituitary gland on the ventral surface of the brain. The study of histologic sections showed that in the studied animal species the pituitary gland is well developed, divided into anterior (adenohypophysis) and posterior (neurohypophysis) lobes, separated from each other by the pituitary cleft. The pituitary gland in all animals was surrounded by dura mater. All parts of the adenohypophysis - distal, tuberal and intermediate - were observed in the adenohypophysis. The distal part of the adenohypophysis consisted of three main cell types: acidophils, basophils and chromophobic cells. Acidophils were smaller than basophils and chromophobes were the largest cells. The tuberal part consisted predominantly of chromophobe cells and sinusoidal capillaries. The intermediate part contained clusters of chromophobic and basophilic cells. The neurohypophysis contained unmyelinated nerve fibers among which numerous pituicytes were scattered. The data obtained coincided with the histologic structure of the pituitary gland of other carnivorous mammals.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.