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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vestngau</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник университета биотехнологий</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Vestnik University of biotechnologiy</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">3033-8433</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Publishing Centre “Zolotoy Kolos” of Novosibirsk State Agrarian University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31677/2072-6724-2024-73-4-250-264</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vestngau-2449</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ВЕТЕРИНАРИЯ, ЗООТЕХНИЯ И БИОТЕХНОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>VETERINARY, ANIMAL SCIENCES AND BIOTECHNOLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Оценка действия пробиотических препаратов антиоксидантного и ферментативного действия на основе штамма Bacillus subtilis на рост и физиологическое состояние рыб</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Evaluation of the effect of probiotic preparations with antioxidant and enzymatic action based on the Bacillus subtilis strain on the growth and physiological state of fish</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пономарева</surname><given-names>Е. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ponomareva</surname><given-names>E. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Доктор биологических наук, профессор</p><p>Ростов-на -Дону</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Doctor of biological sciences, professor</p><p>Rostov-on-Don</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kafavb@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сорокина</surname><given-names>М. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sorokina</surname><given-names>M. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кандидат биологических наук, доцент</p><p>Ростов-на -Дону</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Candidate of biological sciences, docent</p><p>Rostov-on-Don</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kafavb@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Григорьев</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Grigoriev</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кандидат биологических наук</p><p>Ростов-на -Дону</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Candidate of biological sciences </p><p>Rostov-on-Don</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kafavb@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мазанко</surname><given-names>М. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mazanko</surname><given-names>M. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кандидат биологических наук</p><p>Ростов-на -Дону</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Candidate of biological sciences </p><p>Rostov-on-Don</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kafavb@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чистяков</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>CHistyakov</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Доктор биологических наук</p><p>Ростов-на -Дону</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Doctor of biological sciences</p><p>Rostov-on-Don</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kafavb@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральный исследовательский центр Южный научный центр Российской академии наук;&#13;
ФГБОУ ВО «Донской государственный технический университет»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal Research Centre The Southern Scientific Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences (SSC RAS);&#13;
Southern Federal University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральный исследовательский центр Южный научный центр Российской академии наук</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal Research Centre The Southern Scientific Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences (SSC RAS)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Донской государственный технический университет»;&#13;
ФГАОУ ВО «Южный федеральный университет»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Southern Federal University;&#13;
Don State Technical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>25</day><month>01</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>250</fpage><lpage>264</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Пономарева Е.Н., Сорокина М.Н., Григорьев В.А., Мазанко М.С., Чистяков В.А., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Пономарева Е.Н., Сорокина М.Н., Григорьев В.А., Мазанко М.С., Чистяков В.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Ponomareva E.N., Sorokina M.N., Grigoriev V.A., Mazanko M.S., CHistyakov V.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vestngau.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/2449">https://vestngau.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/2449</self-uri><abstract><p>Проведенные эксперименты показали, что рыба, выращенная с использованием кормов, содержащих пробиотики с различными механизмами действия — ферментативными и антиоксидантными, показала приросты, коэффициент упитанности, превышающие контрольные значения более чем на 7 % и 5–13 % соответственно при снижении кормовых затрат 6,7 %. Анализ распределения массы среди исследуемых групп рыб выявил, что в экспериментах процент особей с более высокой массой тела оказался выше на 9,65 и 14,75 %, составив 58,16 и 63,26 % соответственно. В тесте «открытое поле» у молоди стерляди из 2-й опытной группы была зафиксирована ориентировочная активность, которая оказалась ниже, чем в первой опытной и контрольной группах, на 3,79 и 1,61 % соответственно, составив 34,8 ед/ мин. Однако фоновая двигательная активность в этой группе была наивысшей — 36,78 ед./мин. В 1-й опытной и контрольной группах, напротив, наблюдалось снижение данного показателя. Установлено, что у особей опытных групп наблюдается усиление реакции на первичный раздражитель (виброакустический стимул), за которым следует резкое снижение активности при воздействии второго раздражителя. Это указывает на проявление защитной реакции (затаивания), характерной для осетровых рыб. В контрольной группе реакция на первичный раздражитель также увеличивается, но в меньшей степени, и затем остается практически неизменной. После воздействия третьего раздражителя у особей контрольной группы активность не возвращается к исходному уровню, превышая его на 13,35 %. В то же время у особей опытных групп активность приближается к фоновому уровню. Отношение ориентировочной активности к фоновой активности (уровень активации) у рыб второй экспериментальной группы оказался на 13,9 % ниже, чем у первой опытной и контрольной групп. Это указывает на то, что рыбы из первой экспериментальной и контрольной групп проявляют более высокую активность при попадании в новую среду. В то же время особи из второй экспериментальной группы демонстрируют более сдержанное двигательное поведение. Показатели реактивности у экспериментальных групп при воздействии низкочастотного звука на 1,46–10,54 % выше, при кратковременном световом раздражителе и постоянном воздействии света ниже на 12,09–27,47 % и на 9,72–14,88 % во второй и первой группах соответственно по сравнению с контрольной группой. Рыбы, получавшие корма с экспериментальными пробиотическими добавками, продемонстрировали повышенную устойчивость к высокой температуре и солености. Наивысшую терморезистентность и солеустойчивость показали рыбы из первой опытной группы. Пробиотические препараты направленного действия стимулируют рост и стабилизируют физиологическое состояние рыб в экстремальных условиях.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The conducted experiments showed that fish grown using feed containing probiotics with different mechanisms of action — enzymatic and antioxidant — showed gains and fatness coefficient exceeding the control values by more than 7 % and 5–13 %, respectively, with a decrease in feed costs of 6.7 %. Analysis of weight distribution among the studied fish groups revealed that in the experiments the percentage of individuals with higher body weight was higher by 9.65 and 14.75 %, amounting to 58.16 and 63.26 %, respectively. In the open field test, the juvenile sterlet from the 2nd experimental group recorded orientation activity, which was lower than in the 1st experimental and control groups by 3.79 % and 1.61 %, respectively, amounting to 34.8 units/min. However, the background motor activity in this group was the highest — 36.78 units/min. In the 1st experimental and control groups, on the contrary, a decrease in this indicator was observed. It was found that in individuals of the experimental groups, an increase in the reaction to the primary stimulus (vibroacoustic stimulus) was observed, followed by a sharp decrease in activity when exposed to the second stimulus. This indicates the manifestation of a defensive reaction (freezing), characteristic of sturgeon fish. In the control group, the reaction to the primary stimulus also increases, but to a lesser extent, and then remains almost unchanged. After exposure to the third stimulus, the activity of individuals of the control group does not return to the original level, exceeding it by 13.35%. At the same time, in individuals of the experimental groups, the activity approaches the background level. The ratio of orienting activity to background activity (activation level) in fish of the second experimental group was 13.9% lower than in the first experimental and control groups. This indicates that fish from the first experimental and control groups exhibit higher activity when entering a new environment. At the same time, individuals from the second experimental group demonstrate more restrained motor behavior. The reactivity indices in the experimental groups under the influence of low-frequency sound are 1,46–10,54 % higher, under short-term light stimulus and constant light exposure they are lower by 12.09–27.47 % and by 9.72–14.88 % in the 2nd and 1st groups, respectively, compared to the control group. Fish fed with feeds with experimental probiotic additives demonstrated increased resistance to high temperature and salinity. The highest heat resistance and salt tolerance were shown by fish from the first experimental group. Probiotic preparations with targeted action stimulate growth and stabilize the physiological state of fish in extreme conditions.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>осетровые рыбы</kwd><kwd>стерлядь</kwd><kwd>комбикорм для рыб</kwd><kwd>пробиотики</kwd><kwd>поведение рыб</kwd><kwd>терморезистентность</kwd><kwd>солеустойчивость</kwd><kwd>физиолого-биохимические показатели крови</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>sturgeon fish</kwd><kwd>sterlet</kwd><kwd>fish feed</kwd><kwd>probiotics</kwd><kwd>fish behavior</kwd><kwd>thermoresistance</kwd><kwd>salt resistance</kwd><kwd>physiological and biochemical parameters of blood</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">FAO. 2024. The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture 2024 – Blue Transformation in action. 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