References

vestngau

Вестник университета биотехнологий

Vestnik University of biotechnologiy

3033-8433

Publishing Centre “Zolotoy Kolos” of Novosibirsk State Agrarian University

10.31677/2072-6724-2023-69-4-147-161

vestngau-2160

Research Article

ВЕТЕРИНАРИЯ И ЗООТЕХНИЯ

VETERINARY MEDICINE AND ANIMAL SCIENCE

Генетические маркеры в селекции овец

Genetic markers in sheep breeding

Гончаренко

Г. М.

Goncharenko

G. M.

доктор биологических наук

Новосибирской обл.

Краснообск

Doctor of Biological Sciences

Novosibirsk region

Krasnoobsk

gal.goncharenko@mail.ru

Хамируев

Т. Н.

Khamiruev

T. N.

кандидат сельскохозяйственных наук

Чита

PhD in Agricultural Sciences

Chita

Дашинимаев

С. М.

Dashinimaev

S. M.

кандидат сельскохозяйственных наук

Чита

PhD in Agricultural Sciences

Chita

Хорошилова

Т. С.

Khoroshilova

T. S.

кандидат биологических наук

Новосибирской обл.

Краснообск

PhD in Biological Sciences

Novosibirsk region

Krasnoobsk

Халина

О. Л.

Halina

O. L.

научный сотрудник

Новосибирской обл.

Краснообск

Researcher

Novosibirsk region

Krasnoobsk

Солощенко

В. А.

Soloshenko

V. A.

доктор сельскохозяйственных наук, академик РАН

Новосибирской обл.

Краснообск

Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences

Novosibirsk region

Krasnoobsk

Ермолаев

В. И.

Ermolaev

V. I.

доктор биологических наук

Новосибирск

Doctor of Biological Sciences

Novosibirsk

Кочнев

Н. Н.

Kochnev

N. N.

доктор биологических наук

Новосибирск

Doctor of Biological Sciences

Novosibirsk

Сибирский федеральный научный центр агробиотехнологий РАНРоссияSiberian Federal Scientific Center of Agrobiotechnologies RASRussian Federation

Научно-исследовательский институт ветеринарии Восточной Сибири – филиал Сибирского федерального научного центра агробиотехнологий РАНРоссияResearch Institute of Veterinary Medicine of Eastern Siberia - a branch of the Siberian Federal Scientific Center of Agrobiotechnologies of the Russian Academy of ScienceRussian Federation

Сибирский федеральный научный центр агробиотехнологий РАНRussian Federation

Новосибирский государственный аграрный университетРоссияNovosibirsk State Agrarian UniversityRussian Federation

2023

14012024

04147161

2024

Гончаренко Г.М., Хамируев Т.Н., Дашинимаев С.М., Хорошилова Т.С., Халина О.Л., Солощенко В.А., Ермолаев В.И., Кочнев Н.Н.

Goncharenko G.M., Khamiruev T.N., Dashinimaev S.M., Khoroshilova T.S., Halina O.L., Soloshenko V.A., Ermolaev V.I., Kochnev N.N.

Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

https://vestngau.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/2160

Приоритетным направлением в развитии отечественного овцеводства является создание новых и совершенствование существующих селекционных форм, сочетающих высокие показатели мясной и шерстной продуктивности с хорошими адаптационными качествами к условиям разведения. В России в племенных хозяйствах сосредоточено 404,2 тыс. голов грубошерстных пород овец и 21,2 тыс. голов полугрубошерстных. По сравнению с 2000 г. количество племенных животных увеличилось в 5,0 раза, при этом выход ягнят к отбивке в расчёте на 100 племенных маток – в 5,7 раза. Одним из путей повышения уровня селекционно-племенной работы с породами является поиск и использование генетических маркеров продуктивности и жизнеспособности.

Целью работы было обобщение и анализ сведений о генетическом полиморфизме генов, ассоциированных с признаками продуктивности и устойчивости к болезням, у разных пород овец.

Представлены результаты исследований полиморфных вариантов генов, ассоциированных с энергией роста молодняка, качеством шерсти и мясной продуктивностью у овец. Описан ген кальпастатин (CAST), который связан с мясной продуктивностью и нежностью мяса, ген KRT (keratins) – с шерстной продуктивностью и качеством шерсти, ген гормона роста GН и ген дифференциального фактора роста GDF9 – с регуляцией роста и развития, воспроизводительными качествами и мясной продуктивностью овец. В большинстве исследований превалирующим генотипом во всех породах является CASTММ. Частота генотипов по генам КRT и GН в породах разного направления продуктивности существенно различается. Описана связь генотипов CAST, GН, GDF9 с хозяйственно-ценными признаками, что даёт возможность рассматривать их в качестве генетических маркёров.

The priority direction in developing domestic sheep breeding is the creation of new and improved breeding forms that combine high meat and wool productivity rates with good adaptive qualities to breeding conditions. In Russia, 404.2 thousand heads of coarse-wool sheep breeds and 21.2 thousand heads of semi-coarse-wool sheep are concentrated on breeding farms. Compared to 2000, the number of breeding animals increased by 5.0 times, while the yield of lambs for slaughter per 100 breeding queens increased by 5.7 times. One way to increase the selection and breeding work with breeds is to search and use genetic markers of productivity and vitality.

The work aimed to summarise and analyse information about the genetic polymorphism of genes associated with traits of productivity and disease resistance in different breeds of sheep.

The results of studies of polymorphic variants of genes related to the growth energy of young animals, wool quality and meat productivity in sheep are presented. The calpastatin (CAST) gene is described, which is associated with meat productivity and tenderness of meat the KRT (keratins) gene - with wool productivity and wool quality, the growth hormone gene GH and the differential growth factor gene GDF9 - with the regulation of growth and development, reproductive qualities and meat production, sheep productivity. In most studies, the predominant genotype in all breeds is CASTMM. The frequency of genotypes for the KRT and GH genes in breeds of different directions of productivity varies significantly. The relationship of genotypes CAST, GН, and GDF9 with economically valuable traits is described, making it possible to consider their genetic markers.

овцапородагенгенотипполиморфизмчастотапродуктивность

sheepbreedgenegenotypepolymorphismfrequencyproductivity

Работа выполнена при поддержке гранта РНФ № 23-26-00014

This work was supported by the Russian Science Foundation grant no. 23-26-00014

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.