vestngauВестник университета биотехнологийBulletin of NSAU (Novosibirsk State Agrarian University)2072-6724Publishing Centre “Zolotoy Kolos” of Novosibirsk State Agrarian University10.31677/2072-6724-2021-59-2-91-105vestngau-1518Research ArticleВЕТЕРИНАРИЯ И ЗООТЕХНИЯVETERINARY MEDICINE AND ANIMAL SCIENCEСовременные аспекты метаболизма холестерина у крупного рогатого скота.Contemporary aspects of cholesterol metabolism in cattle.СебежкоО. И.SebezhkoO. I.

Кандидат биологических наук, доцент 

Новосибирск

Сandidate of biological sciences, associate professor

Novosibirsk

sebezhkonok@ngs.ruНарожныхК. Н.NarozhnykhK. N.

Кандидат биологических наук, заведующий лабораторией

Новосибирск

Candidate of biological sciences, head of the laboratory

Novosibirsk

КороткевичО. С.KorotkevichO. S.

Доктор биологических наук, профессор

Новосибирск

Doctor of Biological Sciences, Professor

Novosibirsk

АлександроваД. А.AlexandrovaD. A.

Студент

Новосибирск

Student

Novosibirsk

МорозовИ. Н.MorozovI. N.

Старший преподаватель

Кемерово

Senior Lecturer

Kemerovo

Новосибирский государственный аграрный университетРоссияNovosibirsk State Agrarian UniversityRussian Federation2Кузбасская государственная сельскохозяйственная академияРоссияKuzbass State Agricultural AcademyRussian Federation2021130720210291105Copyright © Себежко О.И., Нарожных К.Н., Короткевич О.С., Александрова Д.А., Морозов И.Н., 20212021Себежко О.И., Нарожных К.Н., Короткевич О.С., Александрова Д.А., Морозов И.Н.Sebezhko O.I., Narozhnykh K.N., Korotkevich O.S., Alexandrova D.A., Morozov I.N.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://vestngau.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1518

В литературном обзоре рассматриваются современные представления о метаболизме холестерола, протекающем в физиологических условиях. Гомеостаз холестерина в организме определяется его эндогенным синтезом, переходом в клетку из плазмы в составе липопротеинов низкой плотности (ЛПНП), освобождением из клеток в составе липопротеинов высокой плотности (ЛПВП). Подробно охарактеризованы молекулярногенетические механизмы регуляции гомеостаза холестерола. Гены биосинтеза холестерина у основных многоклеточных животных были унаследованы от их последнего общего эукариотического предка и эволюционно консервативны для биосинтеза холестерина. Некодирующие варианты однонуклеотидных полиморфизмов могут в значительной степени способствовать фенотипической изменчивости холестерола, а миссенс-варианты, приводящие к замене аминокислот в белках, могут оказывать ощутимое влияние на фенотипическую вариабельность. Сформированы и достаточно полно представлены современные аспекты гомеостаза холестерина у крупного рогатого скота. При отсутствии экзогенного поступления баланс холестерина у крупного рогатого скота поддерживается путём эндогенного синтеза, протекающего главным образом в печени, поступления липопротеинов, а также механизмов обратного транспорта. Данный обзор даёт представление о том, что устойчивость гомеостаза может быть достигнута только при комплексном взаимодействии всех систем (транспортных, энзимных, рецепторных), участвующих в этом процессе. Представлен анализ последних научных работ, затрагивающих проблему содержания и регуляции холестерина в молоке коров. Описаны значимые однонуклеотидные полиморфизмы, локализованные в генах ACAT2, LDLR, DGAT, AGPAT1, участвующих в обмене холестерина в печени или его транспорте и ассоциированные с уровнем холестерина в молоке. Часть обзора посвящена синдрому дефицита холестерина у крупного рогатого скота голштинской породы (HCD). Представлены современные данные о распространённости, молекулярно-генетических основах, клинико-лабораторные проявления синдрома.

The literature review presents the current understanding of cholesterol metabolism occurring under physiological conditions. The homeostasis of cholesterol in the body is determined by its endogenous synthesis, the transition to the cell from plasma as part of low-densitylipoproteins( LDL), the release of their cells as part of high-density lipoproteins (HDL). The molecular-genetic mechanisms of regulation of cholesterol homeostasis are described in detail. The genes for cholesterol biosynthesis in major multicellular animals were inherited from their last common eukaryotic ancestor and are evolutionarily conserved for cholesterol biosynthesis. Non-coding variants of singlenucleotide polymorphisms can significantly contribute to the phenotypic variability of cholesterol, and missense variants that lead to the replacement of amino acids in proteins can have a significant effect on the phenotypic variability. The modern aspects of cholesterol homeostasis in cattle are formed and sufficiently fully presented. During absence of exogenous intake, the balance of cholesterol in cattle is maintained by endogenous synthesis, occurring mainly in the liver, the intake of lipoproteins, as well as reverse transport mechanisms. This review gives an idea that the stability of homeostasis can be achieved only with the complex interaction of all systems (transport, enzyme, receptor) involved in this process. The analysis of the latest scientific works concerning the problem of the content and regulation of cholesterol in cow’s milk is presented. Significant single-nucleotide polymorphisms localized in the ACAT2, LDLR, DGAT, and AGPAT1 genes involved in the exchange of cholesterol in the liver or its transport and associated with the level of cholesterol in milk are described. Part of the review is devoted to cholesterol deficiency syndrome in Holstein cattle (HCD). Modern data on the prevalence, molecular and genetic basis, clinical and laboratory manifestations of the syndrome are presented.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.